The influence of NF-ΚB signal-transduction pathways on the murine inner ear by acoustic overstimulation

Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-ΚB) comprises a family of inducible transcription factors that serve as important regulators of the host immune and inflammatory responses. The NF-ΚB signals are activated via the canonical and/or noncanonical pathways in response to diverse stimuli. The excessive action of NF-ΚB signal-transduction pathways frequently causes self-injurious phenomena such as allergic diseases, vascular disorders, and ischemia–reperfusion neuronal damage. In the inner ear, the role of NF-ΚB has not been clarified because the activated NF-ΚB signals potentially induce both cytoprotective and cytotoxic target genes after ototoxic stimulation. In the present study, we investigated the response of NF-ΚB in both the canonical and noncanonical pathways to acoustic overstimulation (117 dB/SPL/2 hr) and followed the change of inflammatory factors (inducible nitric oxide synthase [iNOS], intracellular adhesion molecule-1 [ICAM-1], and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 [VCAM-1]) in the cochlear lateral wall (CLW) and the rest of cochlea (RoC). By means of immunohistochemistry combined with confocal microscopy and reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction techniques, we found the response of NF-ΚB family members (NF-ΚB1, 2, RelA, and RelB) at the transcription level. After the NF-ΚB signaling, the inflammatory factors were significantly increased in the CLW and the RoC. Additionally, at the protein level, the prominent expression of adhesion molecules (ICAM-1 and VCAM-1) was observed in the tissue around the capillaries in the stria vascularis. These results show that acoustic overstimulation causes the NF-ΚB signaling to overexpress the inflammatory factors in the inner ear, and the up-regulation of the adhesion molecules (ICAM-1 and VCAM-1) and iNOS potentially influence the hemodynamics and the cellular integrity in the stria vascularis. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/62147/1/22018_ftp.pd

Tendencies of standardisation of management accounting in Russian and international practices

This article contains the description of accounting and management in Russian and international practice, the correlation of principles of standardisation directions upon forming of business management strategy and tactics. The necessity of multi-approach to the standardisation process of accounting is justified for developing the designated strategy and tactics. For this purpose, approaches to standardisation of management accounting in international practice are emphasised with examples of the USA and Russia. It is proposed to concentrate on the resolving problems of accounting standards—to gather accounting resources in development of management strategies and tactics. The examples are given, which are inclined to conclude, that the US approach to standardisation of management accounting is oriented more on assistance in decision-making within the area of management strategies. Based on the results of the research, authors offer main standardisation directions of management accounting in the Russian legislation and opportunities for an extension of the current assets of managerial accounting in the international accounting school. These directions involve description of specific techniques in management accounting; in order to maintain inner management tactics, allow extracting the targeted information on the systematic basis. For specification of accounting management possibilities, in the article, the main object of standardisation and key accounting’ techniques are pointed out, which are used to allow the data base to be classified into the profitability segments and the expenditures of business entities. This approach will permit the contribution of each object of management in total income of a company, to assess the functional potential of each manager for achievement of his or her target numbers that provide the confidence in management tactics on the path to the chosen strategy.peer-reviewe

Aromaticity in heterocyclic analogues of benzene : comprehensive analysis of structural aspects, electron delocalization and magnetic characteristics

The degree of aromaticity of six-membered monoheterocycles with IV-VI group heteroatoms (C(6)H(5)X, where X = SiH, GeH, N, P, As, O(+), S(+), Se(+)) was analyzed using the results of ab initio calculations at the MP2/cc-pvtz level. Values of common aromaticity indices including those based on electronic delocalization properties, structural-dynamic features and magnetic properties all indicate high aromaticity of all considered heterocycles. A decrease in aromaticity is observed with increasing atomic number of the heteroatom, except in the case of the pyrylium cation. However, not all types of indices or even different indices within the same type correlate well among each other. Ring currents have been obtained at the HF/cc-pvdz level using the ipsocentric formulation. Ring current maps indicate that in the case of cationic heterocycles the ring current persists in all molecules under consideration. The different conclusions reached depending on the type of index used are a manifestation of the fact that when not dealing with hydrocarbons, aromaticity is ill-defined. One should always express explicitly which property of the molecules is considered to establish a degree of "aromaticity"

Tris(2,2′-bipyridine-κ2 N,N′)cobalt(III) tris­(oxalato-κ2 O 1,O 2)ferrate(III) mono­hydrate

The title compound, [Co(C10H8N2)3][Fe(C2O4)3]·H2O, con­sists of two discrete tris­(chelate) metal ions (CoIIIN6 and FeIIIO6 chromophores) and a water mol­ecule. The structure is highly symmetrical; the CoIII and FeIII ions occupy positions with site symmetry 3.2. The coordination polyhedra of the metal atoms have a nearly octa­hedral geometry with noticeable trigonal distortions. The Co—N and Fe—O bond lengths are equal by symmetry, viz. 1.981 (2) and 1.998 (4) Å, respectively. The cations and anions are arranged alternately along their threefold rotation axes parallel to [001], forming chains that are packed in a hexa­gonal manner. The water mol­ecules occupy voids between the chains. The crystal under investigation was an inversion twin

Hexa­kis­(dimethyl­formamide-κO)manganese(II) (dimethyl­formamide-κO)pentakis(­thio­cyanato­-κN)chromate(III)

The title compound, [Mn(C3H7NO)6][Cr(NCS)5(C3H7NO)], was obtained unintentionally as a product of an attempted synthesis of heterometallic complexes based on Reineckes anion using manganese powder, Reineckes salt and 1-(2-hy­droxy­eth­yl)tetra­zole as starting materials. The crystal structure of the complex consists of an [Mn(dmf)6]2+ cation and a [Cr(NCS)5(dmf)]2− anion (dmf = dimethyl­formamide). The MnII and CrIII atoms show a slightly distorted octa­hedral MnO6 and CrN5O coordination geometries with adjacent angles in the range 85.29 (13)–95.96 (14)°

Hexa­kis­(dimethyl­formamide-κO)manganese(II) μ-oxido-bis­[trichlorido­ferrate(III)]

The title compound, [Mn(C3H7NO)6][Fe2Cl6O], was obtained unintentionally as a product of an attempted synthesis of heterometallic complexes with Schiff base ligands using manganese powder and FeCl3·6H2O as starting materials. In the [Fe2OCl6]2− anion, the O atom and the Fe atom occupy positions with site symmetry and 3, respectively, resulting in a linear Fe—O—Fe angle and a staggered conformation. The octa­hedrally surrounded cation (site symmetry ) and the [Fe2Cl6O]2− anion are alternately stacked along [001]

The FGGY carbohydrate kinase family : insights into the evolution of functional specificities

© The Author(s), 2011. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in PLoS Computational Biology 7 (2011): e1002318, doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002318.Function diversification in large protein families is a major mechanism driving expansion of cellular networks, providing organisms with new metabolic capabilities and thus adding to their evolutionary success. However, our understanding of the evolutionary mechanisms of functional diversity in such families is very limited, which, among many other reasons, is due to the lack of functionally well-characterized sets of proteins. Here, using the FGGY carbohydrate kinase family as an example, we built a confidently annotated reference set (CARS) of proteins by propagating experimentally verified functional assignments to a limited number of homologous proteins that are supported by their genomic and functional contexts. Then, we analyzed, on both the phylogenetic and the molecular levels, the evolution of different functional specificities in this family. The results show that the different functions (substrate specificities) encoded by FGGY kinases have emerged only once in the evolutionary history following an apparently simple divergent evolutionary model. At the same time, on the molecular level, one isofunctional group (L-ribulokinase, AraB) evolved at least two independent solutions that employed distinct specificity-determining residues for the recognition of a same substrate (L-ribulose). Our analysis provides a detailed model of the evolution of the FGGY kinase family. It also shows that only combined molecular and phylogenetic approaches can help reconstruct a full picture of functional diversifications in such diverse families.This study was funded by NIH and DOE grants

Business Risk in Changing Dynamics of Global Village 2

The monograph is prepared based on the presentations and discussions made at the II International Conference “BUSINESS RISK IN CHANGING DYNAMICS OF GLOBAL VILLAGE (BRCDGV 2019)”, November, 7th-08th, 2019, in Ternopil, Ukraine. The aim of this scientific international conference is to provide a platform for professional debate with the participation of experts from around the globe in order to identify & analyze risks and opportunities in today’s global business, and specifically in Ukraine. The conference will provide a framework for researchers, business elites and decision makers to uplift the business ties and minimise the risk for creating a better world and better Ukraine.The Conference is designed to call experts around the globe from different sectors of practices which are effected by globalization and watching changes in Europe as well as in Ukraine. It is an excellent platform for interactions and communication between academicians, corporate representatives, policy makers, representatives of organizations and community, as well as individuals being the part of this globalized world. The 1st edition of this conference was held at the University of Applied Sciences in Nysa, Poland (2017); the 2nd edition took place at Ternopil Ivan Puluj National Technical University, Ukraine (2019); the 3rd edition will be organized at Patna University, India (2020) in cooperation with Indo-European Education Foundation (IEEF, Poland) and its partner universities from Poland, India, Europe and other part of the world.Under modern conditions of globalization nowadays, economic activity is undergoing changes. Innovative technologies, new forms of business, dynamic changes taking place in the world today result in the emergence of the necessity to minimize risks in order to maximize benefits. The cooperation between experts from different fields with the aim to ensure sustainable growth – policymakers, scientists, universities representatives and business elites is essential nowadays. With the purpose to bring them together and discuss the main issues of todays’ global world this conference took place in Ternopil, Ukraine. As Ukraine is now passing through a dynamic period of changes, recommendations coming up from such discussions can be very beneficial for building stronger society and meet the risks globalization brings up. This monograph provides a useful review of economic, financial and policy issues in the context of globalization processes and has proven extremely popular with practitioners and industry advisors. This edition is given the continued high demand and interest for experts form different areas working on diminishing of business risks wishing to keep abreast of current thinking on this subject. According to many experts process of managing risks is currently one of the most relevant business technologies and at the same time it is a complex process which requires ground knowledge in the research field and practical experience. The popularity of business risks management is due to objective reasons such as dynamics of society, interconnections and interdependence between different players in the society, increasing role of human capital in the country’s sustainable developmen