Artificial Intelligence

The article forms a matrix of the main propositions and markers of artificial intelligence in non-professional (philistine) discourses. The study is implemented on the Internet using special tools. The subject of the analysis is the search queries in the main ‘Google’ and ‘Yandex’ services, thematic communities, social networks and users’ comments. The definition of the matrix of non-professional stereotypical labeling of artificial intelligence as an actual developing technology allows us to see a picture of a new metaphysics. “Technological” metaphysics is inextricably linked with mythological thinking and significantly affects the absorption of scientific and technological developments. It also influences the constructive critical attitude towards the physical condition. The article substantiates that this modern technical mythology, which includes many speculative assumptions, has a double meaning: on the one hand, it “domesticates” technology, and on the other hand, it creates an insurmountable barrier for the convergence of spiritual and religious scope and the scientific worldview. The definition and subsequent refinement of the mythological matrix is necessary for the effective implementation of innovative programs, adjustment of those to the education system, constructive dialogue between the state, scientists, and users

New data on species diversity of Annelida (Oligochaeta, Hirudinea) in the Kharbey lakes system, Bolshezemelskaya tundra (Russia)

One of the features of the tundra zone is the diversity of freshwater bodies, where, among benthic invertebrates, representatives of Annelida are the most significant component in terms of ecological and species diversity. The oligochaete and leech faunas have previously been studied in two of the three largest lake ecosystems of the Bolshezemelskaya tundra (the Vashutkiny Lakes system, Lake Ambarty and some other lakes in the Korotaikha River basin). This article provides current data on annelid fauna from the third lake ecosystem in the region, Kharbey Lakes and adjacent water bodies. The annelid fauna includes 68 species, including 51 oligochaete species, and 17 species of leeches. For each species, we give information on currently recognised classification, taxonomic synonymy, geographical distribution, findings of the species within the Russian tundra, and brief ecological characteristics

New data on species diversity of Annelida (Oligochaeta, Hirudinea) in the Kharbey lakes system, Bolshezemelskaya tundra (Russia)

One of the features of the tundra zone is the diversity of freshwater bodies, where, among benthic invertebrates, representatives of Annelida are the most significant component in terms of ecological and species diversity. The oligochaete and leech faunas have previously been studied in two of the three largest lake ecosystems of the Bolshezemelskaya tundra (the Vashutkiny Lakes system, Lake Ambarty and some other lakes in the Korotaikha River basin). This article provides current data on annelid fauna from the third lake ecosystem in the region, Kharbey Lakes and adjacent water bodies. The annelid fauna includes 68 species, including 51 oligochaete species, and 17 species of leeches. For each species, we give information on currently recognised classification, taxonomic synonymy, geographical distribution, findings of the species within the Russian tundra, and brief ecological characteristics

New data on species diversity of Annelida (Oligochaeta, Hirudinea) in the Kharbey lakes system, Bolshezemelskaya tundra (Russia)

Volume: 910Start Page: 43-7

Intensity of CD36 expression by monocyte subpopulations and blood lipid spectrum parameters in patients without established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease

Introduction. At the current stage of the study of atherosclerosis, it has been established that chronic activation of innate immunity, causing persistent low-intensity sterile inflammation, plays a crucial role at all stages of atherogenesis. Laboratory evaluation of signaling pathways associated with molecular patterns (DAMPs) in atherosclerosis and related to cardiovascular diseases (CVD) may contribute to the discovery of new diagnostic and prognostic markers. Objective: to study the relationship between lipid metabolism parameters and CD36 exposure to circulating monocytes in patients without established CVD. Material and methods. The study included 42 patients aged 4064 years without established atherosclerotic CVD, 19 (45.2 %) men and 23 (54.7 %) women. Dyslipidemia was detected in 95.2 % of patients. The blood serum concentrations of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, glycated hemoglobin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), creatinine were determined with subsequent calculation of glomerular filtration rate. Phenotyping of circulating monocyte subpopulations was performed by flow cytometry on a Navios 6/2 device (Beckman Coulter, USA). Results and discussion. According to the results of correlation analysis, non-HDL cholesterol levels were inversely correlated with absolute (r = 0.394; p = 0.013) and relative (r = 0.432; p = 0.006) content of CD14+CD16++CD36+TLR2+ monocytes. LDL cholesterol levels were also inversely correlated with the relative content of CD14+CD16+CD36+TLR2+ monocytes (r = 0.417; p = 0.018). According to correlation analysis, the level of non-HDL cholesterol inversely correlated with the intensity of CD36 expression on classical (r = -0.650; p < 0.0001), intermediate (r = 0.323; p = 0.045) and non-classical (r = 0.480; p = 0.002) monocytes. Also, CD36 expression intensity on classical (r = 0.449; p = 0.004) and non-classical (r = 0.382; p = 0.016) monocytes was inversely correlated with remnant cholesterol levels. In addition, increased non-HLA cholesterol levels were associated with decreased TLR2 expression on CD14+ CD16++ monocytes (r = 0.381; p = 0.018). It should be noted that a decrease in CD36 expression on intermediate monocytes was also associated with an increase in hs-CRP (r = 0.657; p = 0.003). Conclusion. In patients without established atherosclerotic CVD, an increase in cholesterol content of atherogenic lipoprotein fractions was associated with a decrease in the number of CD14+CD16++ and CD14+CD16+ monocytes co-expressing CD36 and TLR2 as well as with a decrease in CD36 expression on classical, intermediate and non-classical monocytes

Circulating Ageing Neutrophils as a Marker of Asymptomatic Polyvascular Atherosclerosis in Statin-Naïve Patients without Established Cardiovascular Disease

Background: Current data on the possible involvement of aging neutrophils in atherogenesis are limited. This study aimed to research the diagnostic value of aging neutrophils in their relation to subclinical atherosclerosis in statin-naïve patients without established atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD). Methods: The study was carried out on 151 statin-naïve patients aged 40–64 years old without ASCVD. All patients underwent duplex scanning of the carotid arteries, lower limb arteries and abdominal aorta. Phenotyping and differentiation of neutrophil subpopulations were performed through flow cytometry (Navios 6/2, Beckman Coulter, USA). Results: The number of CD62LloCXCR4hi-neutrophils is known to be significantly higher in patients with subclinical atherosclerosis compared with patients without atherosclerosis (p = 0.006). An increase in the number of CD62LloCXCR4hi-neutrophils above cut-off values makes it possible to predict atherosclerosis in at least one vascular bed with sensitivity of 35.4–50.5% and specificity of 80.0–92.1%, in two vascular beds with sensitivity of 44.7–84.4% and specificity of 80.8–33.3%. Conclusion: In statin-naïve patients 40–64 years old without established ASCVD with subclinical atherosclerosis, there is an increase in circulating CD62LloCXCR4hi-neutrophils. It was also concluded that the increase in the number of circulating CD62LloCXCR4hi-neutrophils demonstrated moderate diagnostic efficiency (AUC 0.617–0.656) in relation to the detection of subclinical atherosclerosis, including polyvascular atherosclerosis

Present State of Biota of Small Komi Republic Reservoirs

Гидрологические особенности малых водохранилищ и их недостаточная изученность определяют необходимость проведения комплексных исследований для выявления закономерностей формирования их экосистем с целью оценки состояния при мониторинговых наблюдениях. В статье приводятся оригинальные данные по химическому составу вод и основным структурным показателям биологической компоненты (организмы фито- и зоопланктона, зообентоса, сосудистые растения и мохообразные) трех малых водохранилищ Республики Коми, расположенных в подзоне средней тайги. Выявлено, что гидрохимические условия и состав доминирующих видов флоры и фауны, основные сообщества высших водных растений отражают региональную специфику исследованных гидроэкосистем. На основании анализа структурных показателей сообществ определен современный этап развития экосистемы каждого водоема. Отмечены особенности распределения флоры и фауны по их акватории. Дана оценка экологического состояния изученных водоемов. Результаты исследований могут быть использованы для прогноза развития малых водохранилищ речного типаSpecific hydrological characteristics of small reservoirs and insufficiency of data on them determine the need for their integrate investigation to reveal the patterns of their ecosystems formation that could help to estimate their state in the future monitoring. The article presents the data on water chemistry and the main biological components (phyto – and zooplankton, zoobenthos, vascular plants, and mosses) of three small reservoirs situated in middle taiga subzone of Komi Republic. It was established that hydrochemical characteristics and flora and fauna species composition reflect regional specificity of the studied water bodies. Present stage of development of the reservoirs ecosystems was identified based on the analysis of the community structure. Characteristics of flora and fauna spatial distribution along the water body were studied. Ecological states of the investigated ecosystems were evaluated. Our results can be applied for prognosis of development of small river-type reservoir

Present State of Biota of Small Komi Republic Reservoirs

Гидрологические особенности малых водохранилищ и их недостаточная изученность определяют необходимость проведения комплексных исследований для выявления закономерностей формирования их экосистем с целью оценки состояния при мониторинговых наблюдениях. В статье приводятся оригинальные данные по химическому составу вод и основным структурным показателям биологической компоненты (организмы фито- и зоопланктона, зообентоса, сосудистые растения и мохообразные) трех малых водохранилищ Республики Коми, расположенных в подзоне средней тайги. Выявлено, что гидрохимические условия и состав доминирующих видов флоры и фауны, основные сообщества высших водных растений отражают региональную специфику исследованных гидроэкосистем. На основании анализа структурных показателей сообществ определен современный этап развития экосистемы каждого водоема. Отмечены особенности распределения флоры и фауны по их акватории. Дана оценка экологического состояния изученных водоемов. Результаты исследований могут быть использованы для прогноза развития малых водохранилищ речного типаSpecific hydrological characteristics of small reservoirs and insufficiency of data on them determine the need for their integrate investigation to reveal the patterns of their ecosystems formation that could help to estimate their state in the future monitoring. The article presents the data on water chemistry and the main biological components (phyto – and zooplankton, zoobenthos, vascular plants, and mosses) of three small reservoirs situated in middle taiga subzone of Komi Republic. It was established that hydrochemical characteristics and flora and fauna species composition reflect regional specificity of the studied water bodies. Present stage of development of the reservoirs ecosystems was identified based on the analysis of the community structure. Characteristics of flora and fauna spatial distribution along the water body were studied. Ecological states of the investigated ecosystems were evaluated. Our results can be applied for prognosis of development of small river-type reservoir

The diet and environment of mammoths in North-East Russia reconstructed from the contents of their feces

Mammoth feces from northern Yakutia and western Chukotka were investigated in a multidisciplinary study. Radiocarbon dating of the Yakutian mammoth dung yielded ca 42 ka BP and the age of the feces from Chukotka is older than 45 ka BP. The two sites are located about 15,000 km from each other and have a different geological setting. Most plant remains in the dung of both mammoths were grasses and sedges, with some other herbs and dwarf shrubs in addition. The pastures were situated in varying treeless shrubby landscapes: herbegrass associations of meadows, wormwood and shrub biotopes on slopes, in valleys and at watersheds. Besides plant remains and hairs of large herbivore mammals, the feces also contained feathers of Anseriformes, fragments of beetles and flies, ephippia of Cladocera, diatoms, remains of testate amoebae and ascospores of coprophilous fungi from pasture cenoses. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved