Self-regulation in family foster children

This poster presents research on foster children’s capacities for self-regulation and its relation to adversity history. Children in family foster care are a vulnerable population due to their experiences of maltreatment and separation from primary caregivers. Research has shown high rates of behavioral problems and impulsivity in these children, as well as other difficulties such as poor academic adjustment. Recent theory and research advances suggest some of these problems are due to deficits in self-regulatory capacities, such as executive functions or emotion regulation. Early adversity in key developmental stages, like that suffered by many foster children, can undermine the normative development of these capacities and, consequently, their psychosocial adjustment. This study explores this topic in a sample of foster children between 4 and 8 years old who were living in non-relative foster families for at least six months in Southern Spain. We used the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF; Gioia, Isquith, Guy, & Kenworthy, 2000), a widely used parent-reported questionnaire, to assess self-regulation in the foster children. The BRIEF was answered by the primary foster caregiver during a home visit. The information regarding adverse events and trajectory in the child protection services was obtained through case records in collaboration with caseworkers. The results of this study show us information about the capacities of self-regulation of children in family foster care. Due to the centrality of self-regulation in development and the fact that it remains responsive to well-designed interventions beyond early childhood, interventions for foster children and families should consider targeting this dimension to improve their outcomes

Dialéctica del spleen en Charles Baudelaire

From the text On some motifs in Baudelaire by Walter Benjamin and the work of the poet Charles Baudelaire, we intend to show two readings of his writings in order to expose the encounter between both interpretations, which takes place in his work throuth the spleen, and the Vieldeutigkeit of Theodor W. Adorno of these. This term, which has been translated by “multivocity”, appears in the work Prismas (Adorno, 1962) expressing the possibility of multiple interpretations of a reality.           In this way, we will study the dynamism between what we have called “the cleft of the spleen” and “the escape of the spleen”, two moments of Baudelaire’s work that manage to objectify in his poems the historical reality that this autor lived.           We will also try to decipher if the spleen that weighed the poet so much is redeemed, or can be redeemed, through his literature.A partir del texto Sobre algunos motivos en Baudelaire de Walter Benjamin y la propia obra del poeta Charles Baudelaire, pretendemos mostrar dos lecturas de sus escritos para exponer tanto el encuentro entre ambas interpretaciones, que tiene lugar en su obra mediante el spleen, como la Vieldeutigkeit de Theodor W. Adorno de estos mismos. Este término, que se ha traducido por “multivocidad”, aparece en la obra Prismas (Adorno, 1962) expresando la posibilidad de múltiples interpretaciones de una realidad. De esta forma, estudiaremos el dinamismo entre lo que hemos llamado “la hendidura del spleen” y “la huida del spleen”, dos momentos de la obra baudelairiana que consiguen objetivar en sus poemas la realidad histórica que vivió este autor. Trataremos de descifrar, asimismo, si el spleen que tanto pesó al poeta queda, o puede quedar redimido, mediante su literatura

Escala de Reserva Cognitiva y envejecimiento

El constructo de reserva cognitiva intenta explicar por qué algunos sujetos con patología cerebral o durante el proceso de envejecimiento normal pueden ejecutar tareas cognitivas a un nivel superior al esperado. Los objetivos del presente estudio abarcan la estimación de reserva cognitiva en sujetos sanos a partir de los 65 años y su repercusión a nivel cognitivo. Para ello, se empleó la Escala de Reserva Cognitiva (ERC) y una batería neuropsicológica que englobaba tareas mnésicas y atencionales. Los resultados revelaron que las mujeres obtuvieron mayor puntuación directa en la ERC. Además, la ERC predijo la ejecución en tareas de memoria (curva de aprendizaje y recuerdos a corto plazo y a largo plazo), pero no predijo las puntuaciones en memoria de trabajo ni en atención. Así, la ERC ofreció una estimación de reserva cognitiva, basada en el estilo de vida, en sujetos sanos mayores. Mantener un estilo de vida activo a lo largo de los años favorece la ejecución intelectual y repercute positivamente en facetas relevantes para la calidad de vida

This Is the Moment of Truth

While everyone is taking their seats, I wanted to quickly just thank the prior panelists today and bring it full circle, back to Mustafa’s opening keynote, where he asked, “Who is fighting these fights? Who is doing this work in fighting for justice?” He pointed out that many of the people fighting these fights, many of the advocates, are people who look like you and are also the same age as you. That is why we have this panel. What can you, as students, do to get involved in the environmental justice or social justice movements? My name is Roger Lin. I am one of the attorneys in Berkeley Law’s Environmental Law Clinic. We do environmental health and environmental justice cases. We have fantastic panelists who are going to dive into the question: What can students do right now for the environmental or social justice movements? I will let them introduce themselves. I have had the immense privilege of working alongside some of them

Rasgos de personalidad e impulsividad en pacientes con migraña episódica y crónica: influencia en la gravedad y respuesta al tratamiento

Se pretende evaluar la presencia de diferentes rasgos de personalidad en pacientes con migraña, utilizando para ello el Cuestionario Salamanca de trastornos de la personalidad. Estudiar la relación entre estos rasgos de personalidad y la existencia de migraña crónica con y sin abuso de medicación. Evaluar la impulsividad en diferentes situaciones clínicas de migraña y determinar si existe relación entre la presencia de esta dimensión de la personalidad y una mayor tendencia al uso excesivo de medicación sintomática o la evolución a una migraña crónica. Comparar la personalidad de pacientes con migraña crónica mediante dos test diferentes: uno de tipo categorial, el Test de cribado Salamanca, y otro de tipo dimensional, el MMPI-2. Validar los resultados obtenidos con estudios previos en este campo que utilicen los mismos sistemas de medida y analizar si los resultados obtenidos mediante estos dos sistemas de medida diferentes pueden correlacionarse.Departamento de Biología Celular, Histología y Farmacologí

Reversal Training Discloses Gender Differences in a Spatial Memory Task in Humans

Over the past few years, spatial memory has been studied using virtual-reality-based tasks. Reversal learning has been widely used in spatial orientation tasks for testing, among other things, new learning and flexibility. By means of a reversal-learning protocol, we assessed spatial memory in men and women. A total of sixty participants (half of them women) performed a task that included two phases: during the acquisition phase, participants were asked to find one or three rewarded positions in the virtual room across ten trials. During the reversal phase, the rewarded boxes were moved to a new position and maintained for four trials. The results showed that men and women differed in the reversal phase, with men outperforming women in high demanding conditions. Dissimilarities in several cognitive abilities between both genders are the base of these differences and are discussed

A mortalidade por tuberculose em Puerto de Santa María (1923-1926)

La principal causa de mortalidad en El Puerto de Santa María (Cádiz) durante 1923-1926 es la tuberculosis. El objetivo es analizar la mortalidad por Tuberculosis en dicha localidad durante 1923 a 1926, relacionándola con los principales determinantes epidemiológicos, contribuyendo a la interpretación de la realidad sanitaria de la época. Estudio descriptivo, longitudinal de la mortalidad por tuberculosis en El Puerto durante 1923 a 1926. Las fuentes fueron los libros de Actas de defunción del registro civil. Se realizó el análisis estadístico de las variables (causa de defunción, sexo, edad…), con el programa SPSS 15.0. El total de defunciones por tuberculosis fueron 217 (13,7%) y la Tasa de Mortalidad específica de 28,22 por diez mil habitantes. Atendiendo al sexo, el 54% (117) corresponden a hombres y el 46% (100) a mujeres. Las conclusiones son: 1. La Tuberculosis es la primera causa de mortalidad en El Puerto entre 1923-1926. 2. El patrón que sigue la mortalidad por tuberculosis en El Puerto es superponible al del resto de la provincia. 3. Es necesario una serie temporal más amplia para poder asignar la causa del descenso de las defunciones en 1926 a las mejoras de las condiciones higiénico-sanitarias derivadas de la actuación institucional.The main cause of mortality in El Puerto de Santa María (Cádiz) between 1923 and 1926 was tuberculosis. Our aim is to analyse the tuberculosis mortality rate in this town between 1923 and 1926 and to link it to the principal epidemiological determinants in order to describe the health and sanitary conditions in those years. Descriptive and longitudinal study of the tuberculosis mortality in El Puerto de Santa María between 1923 and 1926. Our information sources were the entries in the register of deaths. A statistical analysis of the variables was carried out (death cause, sex, age…), with the programme SPSS15.0. The total amount of deaths caused by tuberculosis was 217 (13,7%) and the specific mortality rate was 28,22 in 10,000 inhabitants. 54% (117) were males and 46% (100) females. We can conclude: 1. Tuberculosis was the first cause of death in El Puerto between 1923 and 1926. 2. The tuberculosis mortality standards are similar in the rest of the province of Cadiz. 3. It would be necessary to perform a deeper study to know whether the cause of the decrease in the mortality rate in 1926 was a consequence of an improvement in health and sanitary policies.A principal causa de mortalidade em Puerto de Santa María (Cádiz) entre os anos de 1923 e 1926 é a tuberculose. O objetivo é analisar a mortalidade por tuberculose nesta localidade durante o período de 1923 a 1926, relacionando-a com os principais determinantes epidemiológicos, contribuindo para a interpretação da realidade sanitária da época. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, longitudinal, da mortalidade por tuberculose em Puerto de Santa María de 1923 a 1926. As fontes foram os registos de óbitos do Registo civil. Realizou-se uma análise estatística das variáveis (causa de morte, sexo, idade…), com o programa SPSS 15.0. O total de óbitos por tuberculose foi de 217 (13,7%) e a Taxa de Mortalidade específica de 28,22 por dez mil habitantes. Relativamente ao sexo, 54% (117) correspondem a homens e 46% (100) a mulheres. As conclusões são as seguintes: 1. A tuberculose é a primeira causa de mortalidade em Puerto de Santa María entre 1923-1926. 2. O padrão de tuberculose na localidade é superior ao do resto da província. 3. É necessária uma série temporal mais ampla para poder atribuir a causa da descida dos óbitos em 1926 à melhoria das condições higiénico-sanitárias derivadas da atuação institucional

Evidencia del procesamiento arriba-abajo en la comprensión lectora en niños

The current research discusses the problem of the different reading processing models that prevail nowadays in Psychology. Here we find a duality between the bottom-up approach, which has been extensively studied, and the top-down approach, which has been scarcely investigated. We attempt to identify the moment in a child’s development when top-down processing in reading comprehension starts working. The level of difficulty of the texts used to assess comprehension was experimentally manipulated by breaking up the structure of the words in order to prevent the use of bottom-up processing. The school year of the participating children was the second independent variable. The effects of both variables on reading comprehension were shown, besides the existence of top-down processing in children. The results suggest that top-down processing is present from very early ages, that it starts to develop around the second year of primary school and that its effectiveness is comparable to that of bottom-up processing in later school yearsEl presente estudio aborda la problemática de los modelos de procesamiento de la lectura actualmente vigentes en la Psicología, donde existe un dualismo entre los modelos de procesamiento de abajo-arriba, ampliamente estudiados, y los modelos de procesamiento de arriba-abajo, investigados limitadamente. Buscamos conocer en qué momento del desarrollo evolutivo comienza a funcionar el procesamiento de arriba-abajo en la comprensión de la lectura. Se manipuló experimentalmente el nivel de dificultad de los textos utilizados para evaluar la comprensión, rompiendo la estructura de las palabras con el fin de imposibilitar el uso del procesamiento de abajo-arriba, y también se utilizó como segunda variable independiente el curso escolar de los participantes. Se comprobaron los efectos de ambas variables sobre la comprensión lectora y se probó la existencia del procesamiento desde arriba en niños. Los resultados mostraron que el procesamiento de arriba-abajo está presente desde edades muy tempranas, comenzando a desarrollarse desde segundo de primaria y alcanzando en los cursos superiores una efectividad equiparable al desarrollo del procesamiento desde abajoThis research was supported by the Spanish Science and Technology Minister (MCYT ), via Award number PSI2009-1393