Presión cricoidea o Sellick, ¿pasado o futuro de una maniobra cuestionada poco evaluada?

Cricoid pressure is an extended maneuver during a rapid sequence induction at certain orotracheal intubations. However, few studies have compared its realization against not doing it. Therefore, there was a need to verify its usefulness or effectiveness. With the present study, which is analyzed with this text, it is not possible to demonstrate the non-inferiority of non-realization. So, a new challenge is achieved in the future: stop doing what we have learned. At least, it will probably be the generations of current residents who will leave as a past practice.La presión cricoidea es una maniobra ampliamente recomendada y extendida a la hora de ciertas intubaciones orotraqueales. Pero son pocos los estudios que hayan comparado su realización frente a no realizarla. Por tanto, aquellos profesionales dedicados a la vía aérea deben comprobar su eficacia. El estudio aquí analizado no consigue demostrar la no inferioridad de la intubación sin presión cricoidea durante la inducción de secuencia rápida (ISR). De modo que se alcanza un nuevo reto en el futuro: dejar de hacer lo que hemos aprendido haciendo. Por lo que probablemente serán las generaciones de residentes actuales los que dejarán como anecdótico una práctica cuestionada pero muy realizada

BASP1 labels neural stem cells in the neurogenic niches of mammalian brain

The mechanisms responsible for determining neural stem cell fate are numerous and complex. To begin to identify the specific components involved in these processes, we generated several mouse neural stem cell (NSC) antibodies against cultured mouse embryonic neurospheres. Our immunohistochemical data showed that the NSC-6 antibody recognized NSCs in the developing and postnatal murine brains as well as in human brain organoids. Mass spectrometry revealed the identity of the NSC-6 epitope as brain abundant, membrane-attached signal protein 1 (BASP1), a signaling protein that plays a key role in neurite outgrowth and plasticity. Western blot analysis using the NSC-6 antibody demonstrated multiple BASP1 isoforms with varying degrees of expression and correlating with distinct developmental stages. Herein, we describe the expression of BASP1 in NSCs in the developing and postnatal mammalian brains and human brain organoids, and demonstrate that the NSC-6 antibody may be a useful marker of these cells.We are grateful to Grigori Enikolopov for critically reviewing the manuscript, Dwight Martin for expert technical assistance, and Huda Zoghbi for the use of flow cytometer. This work was supported by the NIGMS (5R01GM120033), U.S. Army Medical Research (DAMD170110754), Cynthia and Antony Petrello Endowment, and Mark A. Wallace Endowment (M.M.S.); the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (T32DK07521-16) (L.N.M.); MINECO SAF-2015-70866R (J.M.E), FPI MICINN predoctoral Fellowship (I.D.); the Proteomics Center at Stony Brook University (NIH/NCRR 1S10 RR023680), and the BCM IDDRC Grant (P50HD10355) from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development for use of the Microscopy Core facilities, the RNA In Situ Hybridization Core facility, and the Human Neuronal Differentiation Core facilit

HB-EGF activates EGFR to induce reactive neural stem cells in the mouse hippocampus after seizures

Hippocampal seizures mimicking mesial temporal lobe epilepsy cause a profound disruption of the adult neurogenic niche in mice. Seizures provoke neural stem cells to switch to a reactive phenotype (reactive neural stem cells, React-NSCs) characterized by multibranched hypertrophic morphology, massive activation to enter mitosis, symmetric division, and final differentiation into reactive astrocytes. As a result, neurogenesis is chronically impaired. Here, using a mouse model of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy, we show that the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway is key for the induction of React-NSCs and that its inhibition exerts a beneficial effect on the neurogenic niche. We show that during the initial days after the induction of seizures by a single intrahippocampal injection of kainic acid, a strong release of zinc and heparin-binding epidermal growth factor, both activators of the EGFR signaling pathway in neural stem cells, is produced. Administration of the EGFR inhibitor gefitinib, a chemotherapeutic in clinical phase IV, prevents the induction of React-NSCs and preserves neurogenesis.This work has been funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO, with FEDER Funds) grants SAF2-015-70866-R and MCIN/AEI/10.13039/50110001103 PID2019-104766RB-C21 to JM Encinas-Pérez and JR Pineda; by the MINECO Ramón y Cajal Program: RYC-2013-13450 to JR Pineda and RYC 2012-11137 to JM Encinas-Pérez; and by the MINECO PCIN-2016-128 (ERA-NET-NEURON III program) to JM Encinas-Pérez; O Pastor-Alonso held a UPV/EHU predoctoral fellowship, I Durá held an FPI (MINECO) predoctoral grant, and S Martín-Suárez held a Fundación Gangoiti predoctoral fellowship

Damage-responsive neuro-glial clusters coordinate the recruitment of dormant neural stem cells in Drosophila.

Recruitment of stem cells is crucial for tissue repair. Although stem cell niches can provide important signals, little is known about mechanisms that coordinate the engagement of disseminated stem cells across an injured tissue. In Drosophila, adult brain lesions trigger local recruitment of scattered dormant neural stem cells suggesting a mechanism for creating a transient stem cell activation zone. Here, we find that injury triggers a coordinated response in neuro-glial clusters that promotes the spread of a neuron-derived stem cell factor via glial secretion of the lipocalin-like transporter Swim. Strikingly, swim is induced in a Hif1-α-dependent manner in response to brain hypoxia. Mammalian Swim (Lcn7) is also upregulated in glia of the mouse hippocampus upon brain injury. Our results identify a central role of neuro-glial clusters in promoting neural stem cell activation at a distance, suggesting a conserved function of the HIF1-α/Swim/Wnt module in connecting injury-sensing and regenerative outcomes

DIAPH3 predicts survival of patients with MGMT-methylated glioblastoma

BackgroundGlioblastoma is one of the most aggressive primary brain tumors, with a poor outcome despite multimodal treatment. Methylation of the MGMT promoter, which predicts the response to temozolomide, is a well-established prognostic marker for glioblastoma. However, a difference in survival can still be detected within the MGMT methylated group, with some patients exhibiting a shorter survival than others, emphasizing the need for additional predictive factors.MethodsWe analyzed DIAPH3 expression in glioblastoma samples from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA). We also retrospectively analyzed one hundred seventeen histological glioblastomas from patients operated on at Saint-Luc University Hospital between May 2013 and August 2019. We analyzed the DIAPH3 expression, explored the relationship between mRNA levels and Patient’s survival after the surgical resection. Finally, we assessed the methylation pattern of the DIAPH3 promoter using a targeted deep bisulfite sequencing approach.ResultsWe found that 36% and 1% of the TCGA glioblastoma samples exhibit copy number alterations and mutations in DIAPH3, respectively. We scrutinized the expression of DIAPH3 at single cell level and detected an overlap with MKI67 expression in glioblastoma proliferating cells, including neural progenitor-like, oligodendrocyte progenitor-like and astrocyte-like states. We quantitatively analyzed DIAPH3 expression in our cohort and uncovered a positive correlation between DIAPH3 mRNA level and patient’s survival. The effect of DIAPH3 was prominent in MGMT-methylated glioblastoma. Finally, we report that the expression of DIAPH3 is at least partially regulated by the methylation of three CpG sites in the promoter region.ConclusionWe propose that combining the DIAPH3 expression with MGMT methylation could offer a better prediction of survival and more adapted postsurgical treatment for patients with MGMT-methylated glioblastoma

Agroecology and sustainability of transhumance livestock socio-ecological systems in Spain

Trabajo presentado en el Workshop "Sustainable Agroecology: Governance, practices, potentials, and tensions in a comparative perspective" celebrado en Witzenhausen (Alemania) del 17 al 18 de julio de 2023.Peer reviewe

Procés de creació del pódcast Universo Animado

[ES] En la actualidad, el pódcast está viviendo un momento de auge imparable a nivel mundial y en España el 41% de la población ya consume pódcast. Es un medio accesible tanto para creadores como para oyentes, permitiendo así que se puedan generar contenidos de cualquier tema. Este trabajo se centra en el proceso de creación de un pódcast cultural sobre animación denominado Universo Animado. Para ello, se ha realizado un capítulo piloto centrado Mi Vecino Totoro y Hilda. Antes de realizarlo ha sido necesario conocer a fondo el contexto del pódcast, las plataformas de distribución, la divulgación cultural o algunos referentes. Posteriormente, el proceso de creación ha constado de: preproducción, producción, postproducción, diseño de la imagen gráfica del pódcast y distribución en plataformas de audio y redes sociales.[EN] Currently, the podcast is experiencing a moment of unstoppable boom worldwide and in Spain 41% of the population already consumes podcasts. It is an accessible medium for both creators and listeners, thus allowing content to be generated on any topic. This work focuses on the process of creating a cultural podcast on animation called Universo Animado. To this end, a pilot chapter has been carried out focusing on My Neighbor Totoro and Hilda. Before doing it, it has been necessary to know in depth the context of the podcast, the distribution platforms, the cultural dissemination or some references. Subsequently, the creation process has consisted of: pre-production, production, post-production, design of the graphic image of the podcast and distribution on audio platforms and social networks.Durá Bonora, I. (2022). Proceso de creación del pódcast Universo Animado. Universitat Politècnica de València. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/18911

Traumatic Brain Injury-induced alterations in Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis

246 p.Several important cognitive functions affected by traumatic brain injury (TBI) depend on the hippocampus, which harnesses several forms of neural plasticity, among them adult neurogenesis, the generation of new neurons throughout life. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is a process involved in memory, learning and control of anxiety, cognitive functions which result impaired after TBI. We hypothesize that TBI induces fast and long-term changes in both neural stem cells (NSCs) and newborn neurons which could subsequently alter hippocampal and brain functioning. Using a model of controlled cortical impact (CCI) we have found that TBI has a dual effect on neurogenesis: In the short term (up to two months) it causes an increase in the number of newborn neurons but with aberrant migration, increased soma size and altered electrophysiological properties; in the long term, neurogenesis resultsimpaired by a reduction in the number of immature neurons. We also suggest that the alteration in the expression of Rho Family GTPase 2 (Rnd2) could be causing some of the morphological changes in the immature neurons as well as their aberrant migration and thus could be a target to prevent TBI-induced aberrant neurogenesis, a hypothesis that we are currently investigating at the cellular level. In addition, we have found that NSCs get activated in higher numbers early after TBI, a result that could explain the later reduction in neurogenesis

Presión cricoidea o Sellick, ¿pasado o futuro de una maniobra cuestionada poco evaluada?

Cricoid pressure is an extended maneuver during a rapid sequence induction at certain orotracheal intubations. However, few studies have compared its realization against not doing it. Therefore, there was a need to verify its usefulness or effectiveness. With the present study, which is analyzed with this text, it is not possible to demonstrate the non-inferiority of non-realization. So, a new challenge is achieved in the future: stop doing what we have learned. At least, it will probably be the generations of current residents who will leave as a past practice.La presión cricoidea es una maniobra ampliamente recomendada y extendida a la hora de ciertas intubaciones orotraqueales. Pero son pocos los estudios que hayan comparado su realización frente a no realizarla. Por tanto, aquellos profesionales dedicados a la vía aérea deben comprobar su eficacia. El estudio aquí analizado no consigue demostrar la no inferioridad de la intubación sin presión cricoidea durante la inducción de secuencia rápida (ISR). De modo que se alcanza un nuevo reto en el futuro: dejar de hacer lo que hemos aprendido haciendo. Por lo que probablemente serán las generaciones de residentes actuales los que dejarán como anecdótico una práctica cuestionada pero muy realizada