ENERGY COUPLING SITES IN THE ELECTRON-TRANSPORT CHAIN OF ZYMOMONAS-MOBILIS

Peer reviewe

Investigation of dual varying area flapping actuator of a robotic fish with energy recovery

Autonomous under-water vehicles (AUV) performing a commanded task require to utilize on-board energy sources. At the time when on-board power source runs low during operation, the vehicle (AUV) is forced to abort the mission and to return to a charging station. The present work proposes the technique of an energy recovery from surrounding medium. This effect is studied for dual action actuator movement that obtains energy from fluid. It is realized that a flapping or vibrating actuator can be used for energy extraction phenomenon apart from the non-traditional propulsive technique. In the present work a simple dual flapping actuator that can switch between simple flat plate and perforated plate at extreme end positions (angles) by using an efficient mechatronic mechanism that would help in overcoming viscous forces of the operating medium is extensively studied. The main objective of the present article is to develop a new approach for energy gain and recharge power pack of on-board sources from the surrounding medium and to create a robotic fish that would work autonomously by using unconventional drive along with the possibility of energy restoration by using dual varying area type vibrating actuator. At the time of recharge, the robotic fish would project its tail (actuator) out of water and use surrounding medium (air) to scavenge the energy. All the equations describing the process are formed according to classical laws of mechanics. The mechatronic system is explained and the results obtained are discussed in detail for air as the operating fluid to scavenge energy

Analysis of non-stationary flow interaction with simple form objects

ArticleThe paper is devoted to the analysis of a non-stationary rigid body interaction in a fluid flow. Initially, an approximate method for determining the forces due to fluid interaction with the rigid body is offered. For this purpose, the plane movement of a mechanical system with an infinite DOF (degrees of freedom) is reduced to 5 DOF motion: 3 DOF for the body and 2 DOF for the areas of compression and vacuum in fluid flow. Differential equations of non-stationary motion are formed by the laws of classical mechanics. The use of an approximate method has been quantified by computer modelling. The average difference in results was found to be small (< 5%). The analysis of the fluid (air) interaction is carried out for a rigid body of two simple geometries - flat plate and diamond. The results obtained are used to refine the parameters of the proposed approximate method that is addressed in the present study for fluid interaction with the non-stationary rigid body. Theoretical results obtained in the final section are used in the analysis of the movement of prismatic bodies in order to obtain energy from the fluid flow

Analysis of non-stationary flow interaction with simple form objects

ArticleThe paper is devoted to the analysis of a non-stationary rigid body interaction in a fluid flow. Initially, an approximate method for determining the forces due to fluid interaction with the rigid body is offered. For this purpose, the plane movement of a mechanical system with an infinite DOF (degrees of freedom) is reduced to 5 DOF motion: 3 DOF for the body and 2 DOF for the areas of compression and vacuum in fluid flow. Differential equations of non-stationary motion are formed by the laws of classical mechanics. The use of an approximate method has been quantified by computer modelling. The average difference in results was found to be small (< 5%). The analysis of the fluid (air) interaction is carried out for a rigid body of two simple geometries - flat plate and diamond. The results obtained are used to refine the parameters of the proposed approximate method that is addressed in the present study for fluid interaction with the non-stationary rigid body. Theoretical results obtained in the final section are used in the analysis of the movement of prismatic bodies in order to obtain energy from the fluid flow

Strategic investment in tuberculosis control in the Republic of Bulgaria

As Bulgaria transitions away from Global Fund grant, robust estimates of the comparative impact of the various response strategies under consideration are needed to ensure sustained effectiveness of the tuberculosis (TB) programme. We tailored an established mathematical model for TB control to the epidemic in Bulgaria to project the likely outcomes of seven intervention scenarios. Under existing programmatic conditions projected forward, the country's targets for achieving TB elimination in the coming decades will not be achieved. No interventions under consideration were predicted to accelerate the baseline projected reduction in epidemiological indicators significantly. Discontinuation of the 'Open Doors' program and activities of non-governmental organisations would result in a marked exacerbation of the epidemic (increasing incidence in 2035 by 6-8% relative to baseline conditions projected forward). Changing to a short course regimen for multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) would substantially decrease MDR-TB mortality (by 21.6% in 2035 relative to baseline conditions projected forward). Changing to ambulatory care for eligible patients would not affect TB burden but would be markedly cost-saving. In conclusion, Bulgaria faces important challenges in transitioning to a primarily domestically-financed TB programme. The country should consider maintaining currently effective programs and shifting towards ambulatory care to ensure program sustainability

Synchronous growth of Escherichia coli in a complex medium

Synchronous division of Escherichia coli K12 Hfr Ca 3000 met- thi- thy- in a complex medium has been obtained using stationary- phase synchrony. As many as five synchronous cell cycles have been followed using a 1:60 dilution. It was also shown that balanced growth was obtained in at least three cell cycles. Decreasing the inoculum size resulted in a shorter lag, less variation in the generation times and a higher final synchronous cell density up to an optimum dilution. The concept of an inflection point has been defined, and its relationship to final synchronous cell density has been established. The phenomenon of a division clock in bacteria has been investigated.Biology and Biochemistry, Department o