Improving Students' Reading Ability Using Picture Story Books in Indonesian Courses

The goal of this study is to develop students' fluency in reading aloud from illustrated storybooks about Indonesian culture and history in Class II at SDN 01 Duhiadaa in the Pohuwato Regency. The research design is an action study in the classroom, and the sample size is 22 students in Grade 2. This study was conducted in cycles, with each cycle including the phases of planning, carrying out the plan, monitoring the results, and reflecting on the study's findings. According to the results of this study, pupils' proficiency in reading aloud is low across the board in Indonesian courses. Students' low reading aloud skill at the time of initial observation indicates this, with 50% falling into the bad category, 68.18% falling into the fairly good category, and 95.45% rising to the very good category in the second cycle. Students in class II at SDN 1 Duhiadaa, Pohuwato Regency, can benefit from the use of picture story books as a form of learning media to enhance their fluency in reading aloud. After the second cycle of the second meeting, the researcher called it quits because they had met the 80% performance indicator they had set out to achieve

Bio-Functional Aspects of Grape Seeds-A Review

Grapes are one of the most widely consumed fruits all over the world and have considerable importance for their medicinal and nutritive value for thousand of years. Grapes are rich in polyphenols and 60-70 % of grapes polyphenols exist in grape seeds. The seeds contain lipid, proteins, carbohydrates and 5-8 % polyphenolic compounds. The phenolic compounds present in grape seeds are flavonoids including gallic acid, flavan-3-ol monomers and their oligomeric and polymeric derivatives (procyanidins). The most abundant flavan-3-ol monomers isolated from grape seeds are Catechin, epicatechin, epicatechin-3-O-gallate, and epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate. Three novel flavan oxidative derivatives named viniferones A, B and C have also been isolated from grape seeds. The grape seeds are chiefly known for their significant antioxidant properties. Scientific studies have claimed that the antioxidant potential of grape seeds proanthocyanidins is 20 times greater than vitamin E and 50 times greater than vitamin C. Grape seeds polyphenolic (Proanthocyanidin) extract have been marketed in France for decades as treatment for venous and capillary disorders (e.g., retinopathies, venous insufficiency, and vascular fragility. Recent studies have shown that procyanidins in grape seeds possess anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic, anti-allergic effects and prevent heart diseases and skin aging. The high purity grape seed extract should contain polyphenols NLT 95% and monomers NLT 10%; and the grape seed extract with ordinary quality should have a procyanidolic value NLT 95%, and monomer NLT 6%.Keywords: Grapes, Grape seeds, Polyphenols, procyanidins, viniferones

Foix Alajouanine Syndrome Mimicking Longitudinally Extensive Transverse Myelitis

Objective: To describe an interesting case of Foix-Alajouanine Syndrome presenting as a longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM). Background: Foix-Alajouanine Syndrome is caused by a spinal dural arteriovenous malformation and presents as paraparesis and progressive walking impairment. It most commonly involves the thoracolumbar region and affects elderly men. Though treatable, it is a cause of progressive myelopathy often misdiagnosed or missed. Case Discussion: A 77-year-old man with a history of coronary artery disease presented with a one-year history of progressive lower extremity paresthesia, weakness, gait instability, and recurrent falls. He had no lumbar or lower extremity pain. He had no bladder incontinence. His symptoms were attributed to lumbar spinal stenosis and he underwent L3-L4 lumbar decompression at an outside hospital with no improvement. MRI of the lumbar spine without contrast done at the outside facility was reviewed and it showed an LETM from T8 through the tip of the conus medullaris. MRI of the entire spine was repeated with gadolinium. MRI lumbar spine with gadolinium showed flow voids at the dorsal aspect of T8-T9 consistent with a Type I spinal dural AV fistula. This was confirmed by the spinal angiogram. The patient had a negative MRI brain and cervical spine imaging. The spinal fluid analysis was unremarkable. Aquaporin-4 antibody and anti-MOG antibody tests were negative. He underwent a laminectomy with microsurgical obliteration of the AV fistula and regained 50% of his lower extremity strength within 48 hours of his surgery and continues to improve with physical therapy. Conclusion: Foix-Alajouanine Syndrome should be considered in the differential diagnosis of LETM. It is a reversible cause of progressive myelopathy and needs a careful review of imaging, laboratory data, and clinical findings.https://scholarlycommons.henryford.com/merf2020caserpt/1106/thumbnail.jp

Early Detection of Neurodegenerative Diseases from Bio-Signals: A Machine Learning Approach

Given the fact that people, especially in advanced countries, are living longer due to the advancements in medical sciences which resulted in the prevalence of age-related diseases like Alzheimer’s and dementia. The occurrence of such diseases continues to increase and ultimately the cost of caring for these groups will become unsustainable. Addressing this issue has reached a critical point and failing to provide a strategic way forward will negatively affect patients, national health services and society as a whole.Three distinctive development stages of neurodegenerative diseases (Retrogenesis, Cognitive Impairment and Gait Impairment) motivated me to divide this research work into two main parts. To fully achieve the purpose of early detection/diagnosis, I aimed at analysing the gait signals as well as EEG signals, separately, as both of these signals severely get affected by any neurological disease.The first part of this research work focuses on the discrimination analysis of gait signals of different neurodegenerative diseases (Parkinson’s, Huntington, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis) and also of control subjects. This involves relevant feature extraction, solving the issues of imbalanced datasets and missing entries and lastly classification of multiclass datasets. For the classification and discrimination of gait signals, eleven (11) classifiers are selected representing linear, non-linear and Bayes normal classification techniques. Results revealed that three classifiers have provided us with higher accuracy rate which are UDC, LDC and PARZEN with 65%, 62.5% and 60% accuracy, respectively. Further, I proposed and developed a new classifier fusion strategy that combined classification algorithms with combining rules (voting, product, mean, median, maximum and minimum). It generates better results and classifies subjects more accurately than base-level classifiers.The last part of this research work is based on the rectification and computation of EEG signals of mild Alzheimer’s disease patients and control subjects. To detect the perturbation in EEG signals of Alzheimer’s patients, three neural synchrony measurement techniques; phase synchrony, magnitude squared coherence and cross correlation are applied on three different databases of mild Alzheimer’s disease (MiAD) patients and healthy subjects. I have compared right and left temporal parts of brain with rest of the brain area (frontal, central and occipital), as temporal regions are relatively the first ones to be affected by Alzheimer’s. Two novel methods are proposed to compute the neural synchronization of the brain; Average synchrony measure and PCA based synchrony measure. These techniques are evaluated for three different datasets of MiAD patients and control subjects using the Wilcoxon ranksum test (Mann-Whitney U test). Results demonstrated that PCA based method helped us to find more significant features that can be used as biomarkers for the early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s

Tantangan Dan Peluang Pengembangan Registrasi Kematian Dengan Penyebabnya Di Kota Surakarta Tahun 2009

Death registration system with cause of death in this time is being developed in every district/city in Indonesia. Until now, Surakarta's city has developed this system since year 2006. The aim of research is to detects challenges and opportunities of development death registration system with cause of death in Surakarta city. The result of this research can be used by other districts/cities in the same development system. The data was collected by an indepth-interview to operator system in the health district, registration and vital statistic, subdistrict, health care center, and focus group discussion to key person and head of household. The result of the research found regulation and comitment of leadership arethe key factors to develop a successful system. While key factors that can be challenge are to develop system by self resources and support from community

Tren Penyakit Penyebab Kematian Bayi Dan Anak Balita Di Indonesia Dalam Periode Tahun 1992-2007

The fourth target of Millennium Development Goals 2015 in Indonesia is to decrease infant mortality rate, and children under-five year old mortality rate from 34 per 1,000 LB and 44 per 1,000 births to 23 per 1,000 LB and 32 per 1,000 births respectively. The aim of this analysis is to know the trend of causes of death of infant and children under-five year old in the twelve years last period (1995-2007). This analysis used baseline health research 2007, national health survey 2001, and household health survey 1995 data. The survey design is cross-sectional. The samples of those survey using sampling frame of Socio-Economic National Survey 2007, 2001, 1995, chosen through probability proportional to size selection. The sample number of baseline health research 2007, national health survey 2001, and household health survey 1995 were 280,000 HH, 211,168 HH, and 206,240 HH. The unit analyses are household members aged 0-4 years that's dead in the one year period before the survey. Instrument was designed with verbal autopsy technique to get the signs and symptoms before death from the information of the family of the deceased. Cause of death was diagnosed based on the International Classification of Diseases -10. Cause of death resulted in the infant mortality was still the same with the pattern of the diseases in twelve years ago (year 1995) that were perinatal disorders, diarrhea, meningitis, congenital malformation. The proportion of several environmental-based communicable diseases increase in the six years of the last period (2001-2007) that were diarrhea, tuberculosis, malaria, dengue. The causes of death that threatened children under-five year old were as follows diarrhea, dengue, tuberculosis, malaria, and external causes, and the proportion increased significantly

Luminescent, sorptive and antibacterial potential of bismuth-organic framework

Metal organic frameworks are formed by the three-dimensional linkage of metal cores and organic linkers. In this work, bismuth-based metal organic framework (Bi-MOF) has been synthesized by using 5-hydroxyisophthalic acid (H2HIA) as linker via hydrothermal method. The said MOF was structurally characterized by UV/Vis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), 1H NMR, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray diffraction technique. This MOF showed highly porous structure with surface area 1096 m2/g as determined by BET analysis. A model batch adsorption experiment was performed to evaluate the efficiency of methylene blue (MB) dye removal from aqueous media. It was found that monolayer adsorption capacity calculated from the Langmuir isotherm was 0.6240 mg/g. Bi-MOF was also screened for its antibacterial and luminescent behavior.                     KEY WORDS: Bismuth, Metal-organic Frameworks, Luminescence, Sorption   Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2021, 35(1), 119-128. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v35i1.1