Koginitive Karten

Kognitive Karten spielen im Leben eines jeden eine wichtige Rolle, denn sie bilden räumliche Objekte im Gedächtnis ab und bestimmen so unser individuelles Bild der Geographie. Sie enthalten allerdings auch nicht-räumliche Informationen und sind somit kein genaues Abbild der Realität. Vor allem soziale, kulturelle oder historische Faktoren können zu Verzerrungen von kognitiven Karten führen. Aufbauend auf theoretische Erkenntnisse wurden in der vorliegenden Arbeit angesichts der jüngsten EU-Erweiterungen in den Jahren 2004 und 2007 die kognitiven Karten europäischer Bürger erkundet. Durch die Methode der Distanzschätzungen wurde untersucht, ob die Einstellung zu dieser Erweiterung sowie die Vorgabe eines positiven und entsprechend negativen Verstärkungstextes über Osteuropa einen Einfluss auf die mentale Repräsentation Europas haben. Dabei wurden sowohl Distanzschätzungen innerhalb des „Westens“ und des „Ostens“, als auch Distanzschätzungen zwischen Ost und West erhoben. Mittels Mixed-Design Varianzanalysen konnte festgestellt werden, dass sich die Einstellung zur EU-Osterweiterung sowie positives und negatives Treatment nicht auf Distanzschätzungen der Versuchsteilnehmer auswirken. Durch T-Tests konnte allerdings eine Überschätzungstendenz der negativ bestärkten Testpersonen in Bezug auf Distanzen innerhalb von West und Ost aufgedeckt werden. Tiefergehende Analysen zeigten, dass vor allem Ost-Ost-Distanzen von sämtlichen Versuchspersonen nach den jeweiligen Verstärkungstexten systematisch überschätzt wurden

SOME ASPECTS REGARDING THE DEGREE OF CONSERVATION OF THE CREAM PACKAED IN PLASTIC MATERIALS

The prolongation of the product shelf life is directly influenced by the quality of the relation established between thepacking method, package and product. In this situation, the package properties play a primary role in ensuring theprotection and preservation function. This paper’s purpose is to present and analyze cream and types of plastic foodpackage, in relation with the food product; plastic food package still being the most used for the packaging of diaryproducts.The cream packagings have been tested specifically: white polypropylene packagings and coloured sealingends as well. The security of food stuff packaging materials is based on the insurance of the fact that while coming intocontact with food, the unsafe chemical substances do not migrate into it. The substance quantity limit that can betransmitted to product must be determined and limited at a level that will not cause any changes in food stuff. Initiallyanalyses on the product as well as on the package have been made. Then, analyses at 7 day- intervals during a month ofstorage have been made

Robocar and Urban Space Evolution:

How can we create more human-centered, resilient, and sustainable cities in the tech age? Can we make use of technology and the opportunities presented rather than resisting its fast-paced evolution? What are the biggest and most likely spatial changes that autonomous vehicles will bring in cities? How can this change in mobility contribute to a better urban environment? To what extent do the spatial opportunities created by automated mobility respond to current urban issues and what is the role of urban design and spatial planning in this debate? Autonomous cars—Robocars—will dramatically change urban environments and the practice of urbanism, potentially making cities less dependent on and less dominated by cars. Driverless and mainly guided by digital infrastructure, Robocars can open up new opportunities for urban development. If guided by sustainable development goals, the automation of mobility can lead to urban evolution—a shared paradigm shift in mobility and urban design. However, if Robocars are introduced as profit-driven products rather than tools to improve cities, they can cause sprawl, undermine public transport and reduce active mobility, ultimately affecting people’s health and wellbeing. Consequently, it is necessary to explore how the Robocars’ technological capabilities can provide solutions to pressing urban issues, such as growth, climate change, environmental quality, social inequality and the energy transition. On September 13, 2018, the Section of Urban Design at the Faculty of Architecture and the Built Environment, TU Delft, organised a public debate with international and Dutch experts to discuss the spatial changes that autonomous cars may bring about in cities. Subsequently, this publication gathers illustrated contributions by the key speakers at the symposium, which present ideas and further reflection points on Robocars’ relation to the urban environment. The three thematic sessions of the symposium were video recorded and are available online at robocarevolution.com. The symposium and the publication aim to raise awareness about the importance of the topic for the field of urban design and other disciplines dealing with various aspects of urban sustainability. To date, the topic of autonomous cars has mainly been addressed by car industries, technology companies and transportation planning groups. The current discourse is predominantly driven by business and marketing goals, potentially leading to cities shaped around technology. In this context, the symposium and the publication are a step forward to engaging various experts in a debate around Robocars and urban design. They propose a complementary approach to the current tech discourse on automated mobility by emphasising the importance of an urban design and spatial planning perspective, thus exploring Robocars as a spatial project. Automated vehicles can bring a mobility revolution: traffic systems and infrastructure can be reinvented, public and private transport modes can blend, and the logic of mobility in cities can be reformed, as time spent in the car will no longer be lost. Such changes create spatial opportunities and can help cities respond better to sustainable development goals; for instance, the space made available if Robocars could park themselves can be redesigned and, instead of parked cars, streets can accommodate more green space and larger sidewalks, revaluing streets as public spaces. The goal of the Robocar and Urban Space Evolution symposium and publication is to start a more inclusive debate about Robocars and their impact on the urban environment and to explore the potential of this new technology beyond market-oriented goals. The experts involved came from multiple disciplines, including spatial planning, urban design, architecture, ecology, psychology, environmental engineering and transportation planning. They discussed why and how we need to engage with the topic, given that mobility automation will dramatically shape the urban environment in different contexts and societies in the coming decades. The publication includes contributions by Rients Dijkstra and Anca Ioana Ionescu, Dominic Stead, Víctor Muñoz Sanz, David Hamers, Salvador Rueda, Nico Larco, Emilia Bruck and Mathias Mitteregger

Advanced model-based control studies for the induction and maintenance of intravenous anaesthesia

This paper describes strategies toward model-based automation of intravenous anaesthesia employing advanced control techniques. In particular, based on a detailed compartmental mathematical model featuring pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics information, two alternative model predictive control strategies are presented: a model predictive control strategy, based on online optimization, the extended predictive self-adaptive control and a multiparametric control strategy based on offline optimization, the multiparametric model predictive control. The multiparametric features to account for the effect of nonlinearity and the impact of estimation are also described. The control strategies are tested on a set of 12 virtually generated patient models for the regulation of the depth of anaesthesia by means of the bispectral index (BIS) using Propofol as the administrated anaesthetic. The simulations show fast response, suitability of dose, and robustness to induce and maintain the desired BIS setpoint

A survey of recent advances in fractional order control for time delay systems

Several papers reviewing fractional order calculus in control applications have been published recently. These papers focus on general tuning procedures, especially for the fractional order proportional integral derivative controller. However, not all these tuning procedures are applicable to all kinds of processes, such as the delicate time delay systems. This motivates the need for synthesizing fractional order control applications, problems, and advances completely dedicated to time delay processes. The purpose of this paper is to provide a state of the art that can be easily used as a basis to familiarize oneself with fractional order tuning strategies targeted for time delayed processes. Solely, the most recent advances, dating from the last decade, are included in this review

An energy-efficient context aware solution for environmental assessment

The paper focuses on presenting the advantages of context aware cyber-physical systems through an experimental platform capable of assessing its surroundings and self-performing decisions. The context aware paradigm is present in the control law implementation with various advantages such as energy efficiency as well as in the environmental measurements that trigger the robot to perform context-relevant decisions. The platform provides high versatility and the results presented throughout the study can be adapted to a manifold of multidisciplinary fields. Copyright (C) 2020 The Authors

Preliminary Investigation of Experimental Research on Savory (Satureja hortensis L.) In Vitro Modeling Possibility Using the Calogenesis Technique

Investigating the possibilities for in vitro plant modeling by using the calogenesis technique is one of the ways to exploit cell plasticity – the vegetable type, which plant biotechnology now offers an alternative for obtaining biomass as a source of raw material in various industries. One of the known plants cultivated by humans since ancient time, and recognized in the contemporary period as a dedicated source of plant material for different industries, because it has properties that recommend its use in food, medicine and beekeeping, is savory (Satureja hortensis L.). Our preliminary experimental research aimed at investigating the possibility of in vitro modeling of savory (Satureja hortensis L.) by using the calogenesis technique. This paper presents the experimental results which have been achieved by investigating the possibility of practical achievement, both by establishing aseptic cultures using savory (Satureja hortensis L.) seeds, and also by in vitro modeling of savory (Satureja hortensis L.) explants, considering the leaf, cotyledon, epicotyl, hypocotyl and radicle, in under to obtain callus by the influence of exogenous phytohormones (BA, TDZ and 2,4-D)

PROSTAGLANDIN F2α SUPPLEMENTED SEMEN IMPROVES LANDRACE BOARS SPERM MOTILITY

This study investigated whether the sperm motility from Landrace boars improveswhen PGF2α (Dinolytic®; 5 mg PGF2α /ml) was added to diluted semen. Boars fromone large production unit, were manually collected; semen was either enriched withPGF2α (group 1, n=38), either untreated (group 2, n=32). Total volume of semencollected, percent of motility and number of obtained doses were recorded. Thehighest sperm volume collected from the two groups is corresponding to ejaculatesfrom Landrace boars with PGF2α supplemented semen (267.6 m)l. Regardingmotility, the sperm collected from Landrace boars with PGF2α supplemented semenwas higher from the one collected from Landrace boars with untreated semen(81.37%) and very significant differences were statistically determined. Theejaculates with highest number of obtained doses is corresponding to the onescollected from boars with PGF2α supplemented semen (25.21). Only boars from thefirst group (with PGF2α supplemented semen) showed motility over 70% and even100%. The untreated semen showed motility values around 65-70%

Event-based fractional order control

The present study provides a generalization of event-based control to the field of fractional calculus, combining the benefits brought by the two approaches into an industrial-suitable control strategy. During recent years, control applications based on fractional order differintegral operators have gained more popularity due to their proven superior performance when compared to classical, integer order, control strategies. However, the current industrial setting is not yet prepared to fully adapt to complex fractional order control implementations that require hefty computational resources; needing highly-efficient methods with minimum control effort. The solution to this particular problem lies in combining benefits of event-based control such as resource optimization and bandwidth allocation with the superior performance of fractional order control. Theoretical and implementation aspects are developed in order to provide a generalization of event-based control into the fractional calculus field. Different numerical examples validate the proposed methodology, providing a useful tool, especially for industrial applications where the event-based control is most needed. Several event-based fractional order implementation possibilities are explored, the final result being an event-based fractional order control methodology. (C) 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Cairo University