753 research outputs found
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Methods and compositions for stimulating T-lymphocytes
Disclosed are methods, compositions, antibodies, and therapeutic kits for use in stimulating cytotoxic T-lymphocytes and generating immune responses against epitopes of protooncogenes. Novel peptides are described which have been shown to stimulate cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, and act as antigens in generation of oncogenic epitope-recognizing antibodies. Methods are disclosed for use in treating various proliferative disorders, and diagnosing HER-2/neu-containing cells; also disclosed are therapeutic kits useful in the treatment of cancer and production of potential anti-cancer vaccines.Board of Regents, University of Texas Syste
Spatiotemporal dynamics in spiking recurrent neural networks using modified-full-FORCE on EEG signals
Methods on modelling the human brain as a Complex System have increased remarkably in the literature as researchers seek to understand the underlying foundations behind cognition, behaviour, and perception. Computational methods, especially Graph Theory-based methods, have recently contributed significantly in understanding the wiring connectivity of the brain, modelling it as a set of nodes connected by edges. Therefore, the brain's spatiotemporal dynamics can be holistically studied by considering a network, which consists of many neurons, represented by nodes. Various models have been proposed for modelling such neurons. A recently proposed method in training such networks, called full-Force, produces networks that perform tasks with fewer neurons and greater noise robustness than previous least-squares approaches (i.e. FORCE method). In this paper, the first direct applicability of a variant of the full-Force method to biologically-motivated Spiking RNNs (SRNNs) is demonstrated. The SRNN is a graph consisting of modules. Each module is modelled as a Small-World Network (SWN), which is a specific type of a biologically-plausible graph. So, the first direct applicability of a variant of the full-Force method to modular SWNs is demonstrated, evaluated through regression and information theoretic metrics. For the first time, the aforementioned method is applied to spiking neuron models and trained on various real-life Electroencephalography (EEG) signals. To the best of the authors' knowledge, all the contributions of this paper are novel. Results show that trained SRNNs match EEG signals almost perfectly, while network dynamics can mimic the target dynamics. This demonstrates that the holistic setup of the network model and the neuron model which are both more biologically plausible than previous work, can be tuned into real biological signal dynamics
Cyprus' image—a sun and sea destination—as a detrimental factor to seasonal fluctuations. Exploration into motivational factors for holidaying in Cyprus
Cyprus is established as a summer destination. To aid the destination in developing its winter season as well, this research uses a qualitative inductive approach to explore the tourists’ current image of the island and their motivations of visiting it. The research indicates that the current image, which essentially portrays Cyprus as a sun-and-sea destination is thought to dissuade tourists from perceiving the island as a year-round destination. Nonetheless, increasing the pull factors of the destination through the development of unique special interest products can help in extending the tourism season as well as broaden its narrow image
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Penetration of high intensity focused ultrasound in vitro and in vivo rabbit brain using MR imaging
In this paper magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is investigated for monitoring the penetration of high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ex vivo and in vivo rabbit brain. A single element spherically focused transducer of 5 cm diameter, focusing at 10 cm and operating at 2 MHz was used. A prototype MRI- compatible positioning device is described. MRI images were taken using fast spin echo (FSE). The length of the lesions in vivo rabbit brain was much higher than the length ex vivo, proving that the penetration in the ex vivo brain is limited by reflection due to trapped bubbles in the blood vessels
The Unique Determination of Neuronal Currents in the Brain via Magnetoencephalography
The problem of determining the neuronal current inside the brain from
measurements of the induced magnetic field outside the head is discussed under
the assumption that the space occupied by the brain is approximately spherical.
By inverting the Geselowitz equation, the part of the current which can be
reconstructed from the measurements is precisely determined. This actually
consists of only certain moments of one of the two functions specifying the
tangential part of the current. The other function specifying the tangential
part of the current as well as the radial part of the current are completely
arbitrary. However, it is also shown that with the assumption of energy
minimization, the current can be reconstructed uniquely. A numerical
implementation of this unique reconstruction is also presented
Spin 1 inversion: a Majorana tensor force for deuteron alpha scattering
We demonstrate, for the first time, successful S-matrix to potential
inversion for spin one projectiles with non-diagonal yielding a
interaction. The method is a generalization of the
iterative-perturbative, IP, method. We present a test case indicating the
degree of uniqueness of the potential. The method is adapted, using established
procedures, into direct observable to potential inversion, fitting ,
, , and for d + alpha scattering over
a range of energies near 10 MeV. The interaction which we find is
very different from that proposed elsewhere, both real and imaginary parts
being very different for odd and even parity channels.Comment: 7 pages Revtex, 4 ps figure
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The Internal-External Security Nexus and EU Police/Rule of Law Missions in the Western Balkans
Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) police/rule of law missions in the Western Balkans are increasingly guided by externally imposed normative agendas that respond primarily to EU internal security needs rather than functional imperatives or local realities. In line with these needs, EU police reform efforts tend to prioritise effectiveness and crime fighting over longer- term democratic policing and good governance reforms. In practice this means that police reform initiatives are technocratically oriented, yet value ridden fitting EU security concerns and needs. As a result, the police reform process can be—and often is—disconnected from the political and socio-economic reforms necessary for long-term stability and sustainable peace. Police assistance in Bosnia and Herzegovina has been shaped by a determined albeit questionable focus on organised crime and corruption. The focus of EU police reform in Macedonia on primarily crime-fighting aspects of policing has compromised the functioning of the Macedonian police. Similarly, the politics of (non-)recognition of Kosovo's self-proclaimed independence and the intrusiveness of EULEX Kosovo's executive mandate contravene meeting local challenges
A quark model framework for the study of nuclear medium effects
A quark-model framework for studying nuclear medium effects on nucleon
resonances is described and applied here to pion photoproduction on the
deuteron, which is the simplest composite nucleon system and serves as a first
test case. Pion photoproduction on nuclei is discussed within a chiral
constituent quark model in which the quark degrees of freedom are explicitly
introduced through an effective chiral Lagrangian for the
quark-pseudoscalar-meson coupling. The advantage of this model is that a
complete set of nucleon resonances can be systematically included with a
limited number of parameters. Also, the systematic description of the nucleon
and its resonances at quark level allows us to self-consistently relate the
nuclear medium's influence on the baryon properties to the intrinsic dynamic
aspects of the baryons. As the simplest composite nucleus, the deuteron
represents the first application of this effective theory for meson
photoproduction on light nuclei. The influence of the medium on the transition
operators for a free nucleon is investigated in the Delta resonance region. No
evidence is found for a change of the Delta properties in the pion
photoproduction reaction on the deuteron since the nuclear medium here involves
just one other nucleon and the low binding energy implies low nuclear density.
However, we show that the reaction mechanism is in principle sensitive to
changes of Delta properties that would be produced by the denser nuclear medium
of heavier nuclei through the modification of the quark model parameters.Comment: Revtex, 8 pages, 4 figure
Tourism policy and destination marketing in developing countries: the chain of influence
Tourism marketers including destination marketing organisations (DMOs) and international tour operators play a pivotal role in destination marketing, especially in creating destination images. These images, apparent in tourist brochures, are designed to influence tourist decision-making and behaviour. This paper proposes the concept of a “chain of influence” in destination marketing and image-making, suggesting that the content of marketing materials is influenced by the priorities of those who design these materials, e.g. tour operators and DMOs. A content analysis of 2,000 pictures from DMO and tour operator brochures revealed synergies and divergence between these marketers. The brochure content was then compared to the South African tourism policy, concluding that the dominant factor in the chain of influence in the South African context is in fact its organic image
Improved +He potentials by inversion, the tensor force and validity of the double folding model
Improved potential solutions are presented for the inverse scattering problem
for +He data. The input for the inversions includes both the data of
recent phase shift analyses and phase shifts from RGM coupled-channel
calculations based on the NN Minnesota force. The combined calculations provide
a more reliable estimate of the odd-even splitting of the potentials than
previously found, suggesting a rather moderate role for this splitting in
deuteron-nucleus scattering generally. The approximate parity-independence of
the deuteron optical potentials is shown to arise from the nontrivial
interference between antisymmetrization and channel coupling to the deuteron
breakup channels. A further comparison of the empirical potentials established
here and the double folding potential derived from the M3Y effective NN force
(with the appropriate normalisation factor) reveals strong similarities. This
result supports the application of the double folding model, combined with a
small Majorana component, to the description even of such a loosely bound
projectile as the deuteron. In turn, support is given for the application of
iterative-perturbative inversion in combination with the double folding model
to study fine details of the nucleus-nucleus potential. A -He tensor
potential is also derived to reproduce correctly the negative Li quadrupole
moment and the D-state asymptotic constant.Comment: 22 pages, 12 figures, in Revte
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