Exploring concepts of health with male prisoners in three category-C English prisons

Lay understandings of health and illness have a well established track record and a plethora of research now exists which has examined these issues. However, there is a dearth of research which has examined the perspectives of those who are imprisoned. This paper attempts to address this research gap. The paper is timely given that calls have been made to examine lay perspectives in different geographical locations and a need to re-examine health promotion approaches in prison settings. Qualitative data from thirty-six male sentenced prisoners from three prisons in England were collected. The data was analysed in accordance with Attride-Stirling's (2001) thematic network approach. Although the men's perceptions of health were broadly similar to the general population, some interesting findings emerged which were directly related to prison life and its associated structures. These included access to the outdoors and time out of their prison cell, as well as maintaining relationships with family members through visits. The paper proposes that prisoners' lay views should be given higher priority given that prison health has traditionally been associated with medical treatment and the bio-medical paradigm more generally. It also suggests that in order to fulfil the World Health Organization's (WHO) vision of viewing prisons as health promoting settings, lay views should be recognised to shape future health promotion policy and practice

Measuring the impact of imprisonment Papers from a roundtable held in London on 9 November 2001

The Restorative Prison ProjectAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:02/42420 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreSIGLEGBUnited Kingdo

'We don't waste prisoners' time and we don't waste bicycles' The impact of restorative work in prisons

The Restorative Prison Project. Includes bibliographical referencesSIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:02/42421 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Alternatives to prison in developing countries

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:99/25139 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Parametrizações de superfícies triangulares

Two types of triangular surface parameterizations are proposed in this work: spherical and planar parameterization. We highlight among the applications of this technique, texture mapping and manipulation/deformation of surfaces. In the planar case, a surface with boundary is parameterized in a planar convex polygon, as from the planar immersion of its graph. The theory presented characterizes the set of parameterizations of a given surface, when convex polygon is fixed, from matrices which satisfy a set of conditions. In the case spherical, advanced results of graph theory are used to determine parameterizations of closed surfaces. In this case, we characterize the set of spherical parameterizations of a given surface as the set of all spherical immersions of your graph where each vertex is a spherical projection of some convex combination of its neighbors. In both cases, algorithms based on the methodology propose have been implemented and we presente some results obtained by the proposed algorithms. The results are analyzed and limitations of the algorithms are discussedDuas classes de parametrizações de superfícies triangulares são propostas nesta dissertação: parametrizações planares e esféricas. Podemos destacar dentre as aplicações de parametrizações, mapeamento de textura e manipulação/ deformação de superfícies. No caso planar, uma superfície com bordo é parametrizada em um polígono convexo planar, a partir da imersão planar do grafo associado a superfície. A teoria apresentada caracteriza o conjunto das parametrizações de uma dada superfície, em um polígono convexo, a partir de matrizes que satisfazem um conjunto de condições. No caso esférico, resultados avançados da teoria de grafos são utilizados para determinar parametrizações de superfícies fechadas. Neste caso, caracterizamos o conjunto de parametrizações esféricas de uma dada superfície como o conjunto de todas as imersões esféricas do grafo da superfície em que cada vértice é a projeção esférica de alguma combinação convexa de seus vizinhos. Em ambos os casos, algoritmos baseados na metodologia proposta foram implementados e apresentamos alguns resultados obtidos pelos algoritmos propostos. Os resultados são analisados e as limitações dos algoritmos são discutida

Is the United States a good model for reducing social exclusion in Europe?

Advocates of U.S.-style labor market flexibility have long argued that Europe could generate jobs and lower unemployment if the continent\u27s economies followed the example of the United States. More recently, proponents of the U.S. model have suggested that labor market deregulation also holds out the possibility of reducing the problem of social exclusion in Europe, primarily because unemployment is one of the worst forms of social exclusion and contributes to other forms of social marginalization. The authors review a broad range of social and economic indicators and conclude that the United States fares poorly compared with much of Europe on social measures. Meanwhile, U.S.-style flexibility has had only mixed success in improving employment outcomes, and the U.S. economy consistently provides lower levels of economic mobility than economies in Europe

Is custody an effective sentencing option for the UK? Evidence from a meta-analysis of existing studies

Prison numbers in the UK are at record levels and continue to rise. The rise in prison numbers has led to a renewed focus on the relative effectiveness of different sentences and in particular the effectiveness of prison when compared to alternative, community-based, sentences. The aim of this research is to test the hypothesis that prisons are an effective means of reducing re-offending in the UK. A review of existing studies identified 91 estimates of the effect on re-offending of prison for adults when compared against alternative sentences and 15 estimates of the effect on re-offending of prisons for juveniles when compared against alternative sentences. A meta-analysis was conducted on the different combinations of intervention and counterfactual information identified in the literature. The analysis suggests that the following alternative sentences for adult offenders reduce re-offending when compared to prison: residential drug treatment, surveillance, surveillance with drug treatment, prison in combination with educational/vocational interventions, prison in combination with behavioural interventions, prison in combination with sex offender treatment, and prison in combination with drug treatment. The analysis also identified the following alternative sentences for juvenile offenders which reduced re-offending when compared with prison: community supervision with victim reparation, and a community programme with aftercare and surveillance. The hypothesis that prisons are an effective means of reducing re-offending in the UK is generally rejected