Book Review: Leaving Rules that Enforce Preconception

No preconceptions -The grounded theory dictum. Mill Valley, CA: Sociology Press Given that the dictum of no preconception is not new in GT, why did Glaser focus his attention so much on it to write a whole book on this topic? The dictum has been declared over and over again, for example in the chapter on Generating Theory in the seminal work of In the first chapter of this book by Glaser (2013), the question why "no preconception" is a dictum in grounded theory (GT) methodology is answered. GT was discovered in a research field heavily focusing on testing hypotheses and verifying theories The aim of the book was to minimize preconception and Glaser Preconception rules the world and is explained as an important aspect of everyday life and in every step of the research process including the formulation of a problem area, the substantive coding, the theoretical coding integrating the concepts, and the impact on the entire GT process (Glaser, 2013). The method for the book is presented in chapter 7 together with some of the memos Dr. Glaser received from colleagues on preconception. In the last chapter, the reader finds a theory by Kwok, McCallin & Dickson entitled "Working through preconception: Moving from forcing to emergence." This theory highlights the difficulties in staying open and is followed by an appendix written by Dr. Thulesius on his experiences derived from being a GT mentor. To minimize the preconceptions, Dr. Glaser is incentivizing the no preconception and equipping for emergence

Capacidad predictiva de los niveles de funcionamiento ejecutivo sobre las habilidades matemáticas básicas.

RESUMEN: En el presente estudio se investiga la capacidad predictiva de las puntuaciones de funcionamiento ejecutivo de niños preescolares obtenidas a la edad de 4 años, sobre las habilidades matemáticas básicas evaluadas 12 meses después. Inicialmente, las puntuaciones de funcionamiento ejecutivo fueron obtenidas a través del Childhood Executive Functioning Inventory (CHEXI). Doce meses después se obtuvieron los datos correspondientes a las tareas de comparación numérica básica y conceptos matemáticos básicos, así como los relacionados con el control inhibitorio (tipo go/nogo) y la memoria operativa (Children Size Ordering Task). Los resultados indican que la memoria operativa está implicada en las habilidades matemáticas. Se encontraron correlaciones significativas entre CSOT y los tests de habilidades matemáticas. Además, la subescala de memoria operativa del CHEXI a los 4 años predice significativamente los resultados en habilidades matemáticas 12 meses después. Estos resultados son discutidos en términos de la validez de constructo de constructo de los cuestionarios de valoración del funcionamiento ejecutivo, de su estabilidad y valor predictivoinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

El Cuestionario de Disposición al Engaño en el Deporte (CDED) : su aplicación a jóvenes deportistas

The aim of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Disposition to Cheating in Sport Questionnaire (CDED), derived from the Attitudes to Moral Decision-Making in Youth Sport Questionnaire (AMDYSQ-1, Lee, Whitehead and Ntoumanis, 2007). The sample included 110 adolescents (70 boys and 41 girls) with a mean age of 14.65 (Range: 10-19; SD = 2.09 years). The results show that the CDED, composed of the Acceptance of Cheating and Acceptance of Gamesmanship subscales, discriminates the population's variables acceptably and demonstrates an acceptable reliability and factorial validation

Brain functional network integrity sustains cognitive function despite atrophy in presymptomatic genetic frontotemporal dementia

© 2020 The Authors. Alzheimer's & Dementia published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Alzheimer's Association. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.Introduction: The presymptomatic phase of neurodegenerative disease can last many years, with sustained cognitive function despite progressive atrophy. We investigate this phenomenon in familial frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Methods: We studied 121 presymptomatic FTD mutation carriers and 134 family members without mutations, using multivariate data-driven approach to link cognitive performance with both structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging. Atrophy and brain network connectivity were compared between groups, in relation to the time from expected symptom onset. Results: There were group differences in brain structure and function, in the absence of differences in cognitive performance. Specifically, we identified behaviorally relevant structural and functional network differences. Structure-function relationships were similar in both groups, but coupling between functional connectivity and cognition was stronger for carriers than for non-carriers, and increased with proximity to the expected onset of disease. Discussion: Our findings suggest that the maintenance of functional network connectivity enables carriers to maintain cognitive performance.K.A.T. is supported by the British Academy Postdoctoral Fellowship (PF160048) and the Guarantors of Brain (101149). J.B.R. is supported by the Wellcome Trust (103838), the Medical Research Council (SUAG/051 G101400), and the Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre. R. S.‐V. is supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III and the JPND network PreFrontAls (01ED1512/AC14/0013) and the Fundació Marató de TV3 (20143810). M.M and E.F are supported by the UK Medical Research Council, the Italian Ministry of Health, and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research as part of a Centres of Excellence in Neurodegeneration grant, and also a Canadian Institutes of Health Research operating grant (MOP 327387) and funding from the Weston Brain Institute. J.D.R., D.C., and K.M.M. are supported by the NIHR Queen Square Dementia Biomedical Research Unit, the NIHR UCL/H Biomedical Research Centre, and the Leonard Wolfson Experimental Neurology Centre (LWENC) Clinical Research Facility. J.D.R. is supported by an MRC Clinician Scientist Fellowship (MR/M008525/1) and has received funding from the NIHR Rare Disease Translational Research Collaboration (BRC149/NS/MH), the MRC UK GENFI grant (MR/ M023664/1), and The Bluefield Project. F.T. is supported by the Italian Ministry of Health (Grant NET‐2011‐02346784). L.C.J. and J.V.S. are supported by the Association for Frontotemporal Dementias Research Grant 2009, ZonMw Memorabel project number 733050103 and 733050813, and the Bluefield project. R.G. is supported by Italian Ministry of Health, Ricerca Corrente. J.L. was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany's Excellence Strategy within the framework of the Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (EXC 2145; SyNergy ‐ ID 390857198). The Swedish contributors C.G., L.O., and C.A. were supported by grants from JPND Prefrontals Swedish Research Council (VR) 529‐2014‐7504, JPND GENFI‐PROX Swedish Research Council (VR) 2019‐02248, Swedish Research Council (VR) 2015‐ 02926, Swedish Research Council (VR) 2018‐02754, Swedish FTD Initiative‐Schorling Foundation, Swedish Brain Foundation, Swedish Alzheimer Foundation, Stockholm County Council ALF, Karolinska Institutet Doctoral Funding, and StratNeuro, Swedish Demensfonden, during the conduct of the study.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The Swedish National study on Aging and Care in Nordanstig (SNAC-N)

The national study SNAC - The Swedish National Study on Aging and Care, includes four participating areas: SNAC-Blekinge, SNAC Kungsholmen, SNAC Nordanstig and SNAC Skåne (GÅS). In all four areas, a research centre conducts a population study and a health care system study has been conducted. (Metadata related to the main study SNAC and the other participating areas can be found under the Related studies tab). Purpose: SNAC-N has particularly focused on dementia, health economics, informal care, pharmaceuticals, functional capacity, and computing.Den nationella äldrestudien SNAC - The Swedish National Study on Aging and Care, innefattar fyra deltagande områden: SNAC-Blekinge, SNAC-Kungsholmen, SNAC-Nordanstig och SNAC-Skåne (GÅS). Vid samtliga fyra områden finns ett forskningscentrum som bedriver dels en befolkningsstudie och dels en vårdsystemstudie. Under 'Relaterade studier' finns beskrivning om huvudstudien SNAC, samt specifik studiebeskrivning för respektive delstudie inom SNAC. SNAC-N Nordanstig Förutom de breda nationella epidemiologiska frågeställningar om prevalens, incidens, mortalitet och riskfaktorpanorama för olika tillstånd så har verksamheten i Nordanstig vissa profilområden: demenssjukdomar, hälsoekonomi, informell vård, läkemedelsanvändning, funktionsförmåga, samt datoranvändning. Eftersom demens är en viktig del av Nordanstigs profil har stor vikt lagts vid sättande av demensdiagnoser och stadieindelning av kognitiv nedsättning. Befolkningsdel: Vid baslinjeundersökningen som genomfördes mellan 2001-2003 deltog totalt 766 personer av de 1016 som inbjöds (vilket motsvarar ett bortfall på 25%). Den första uppföljningen av deltagare 81 år eller äldre genomfördes mellan 2004-2006 då 216 personer deltog av totalt 266 inbjudna (vilket motsvarar ett bortfall på 19%). Den första uppföljningen av hela den ursprungliga studiepopulationen genomfördes mellan 2007-2009, då 693 personer deltog av totalt 904 inbudna (vilket motsvarar ett bortfall på 23%). Ytterligare en uppföljning av 81 åringar och äldre påbörjades 2010 och avslutades 2012. Vid undersökningen deltog 251 personer av totalt 276 inbjudna (vilket motsvarade ett bortfall på 18%). Vårdsystemdel: I Vårdsystemdelen registreras de som har någon form av insats från kommunen. Den kan vara kort- eller långvarig och syftar till att samla in uppgifter om kommunal vård och omsorg med målet att underlätta planering av densamma. Data som samlas in rör bl.a. fysisk funktionsförmåga, omvårdnads- och sjukvårdskonsumtion och hur bostaden är beskaffad.Syftet med datainsamlingen i vårdsystemdelen är att kontinuerligt följa de vård- och omsorgsinsatser, som den äldre befolkningen erhåller, såväl akuta som långvariga, samt att därvid också registrera olika faktorer, som har betydelse för tilldelningen av insatserna. Insamlade data skall kunna användas som underlag för planering, resursfördelning och utvärdering av vården och omsorgen av de äldre. Härutöver skall insamlade data också kunna användas i forsknings- och utvecklingsarbete kring frågor om vård och omsorg. Syfte: Inom ramen för SNAC har delstudien SNAC-N speciellt inriktats på demenssjukdomar, hälsoekonomi, informell vård, läkemedelsanvändning, funktionsförmåga, samt datoranvändning

Cognitive Decline From Estimated Premorbid Status Predicts Neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’sDisease,”Neuropsychology,

This study investigated the relationship between premorbid and current cognitive function with respect to the clinical features of patients with various types of neurodegeneration in the form of Alzheimer's disease (AD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and subjective cognitive impairment (SCI), as compared with a healthy control group (C). Clinical features (MMSE, cognitive and depressive symptoms), genetics (apolipoprotein E; APOE) and measures of neurodegeneration (A␤ 42 , t-tau, and p-tau) were examined, as well as present cognitive function. Various methods of assessing premorbid cognitive function were compared, including a Swedish NART-analogous test (Irregularly Spelled Words; ISW), a Swedish lexical decision test (SLDT), a Hold test (Information in WAIS-R), Best current performance test, and combined demographic characteristics. Results showed that cognitive decline (premorbid minus current cognitive function) based on SLDT and ISW was a significant predictor for MMSE and A␤ 42 , whereas corresponding associations for present cognitive function and decline measures based on other methods were less powerful. Results also showed that specific verbal abilities (e.g., SLDT and ISW) were insensitive to AD and that these abilities indicated premorbid cognitive function in retrospect. In conclusion, cognitive decline from premorbid status reflects the disease processes

Cognitive Decline From Estimated Premorbid Status Predicts Neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’sDisease,”Neuropsychology,

This study investigated the relationship between premorbid and current cognitive function with respect to the clinical features of patients with various types of neurodegeneration in the form of Alzheimer's disease (AD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and subjective cognitive impairment (SCI), as compared with a healthy control group (C). Clinical features (MMSE, cognitive and depressive symptoms), genetics (apolipoprotein E; APOE) and measures of neurodegeneration (A␤ 42 , t-tau, and p-tau) were examined, as well as present cognitive function. Various methods of assessing premorbid cognitive function were compared, including a Swedish NART-analogous test (Irregularly Spelled Words; ISW), a Swedish lexical decision test (SLDT), a Hold test (Information in WAIS-R), Best current performance test, and combined demographic characteristics. Results showed that cognitive decline (premorbid minus current cognitive function) based on SLDT and ISW was a significant predictor for MMSE and A␤ 42 , whereas corresponding associations for present cognitive function and decline measures based on other methods were less powerful. Results also showed that specific verbal abilities (e.g., SLDT and ISW) were insensitive to AD and that these abilities indicated premorbid cognitive function in retrospect. In conclusion, cognitive decline from premorbid status reflects the disease processes