Culture : une activité capitale (La)

L’Insee, en partenariat avec le Deps (MCC), publie une étude sur l’emploi dans le secteur culturel. Ce dernier représente 3 % de ceux de l’ensemble de l’économie, est caractérisé par une multiplicité de postes occupés dans l’année et est majoritairement exercé à Paris et en Île-de-France (notamment les éditeurs de livres). À noter également une forte part d’emplois indépendants avec près de 65 % dans le secteur de la traduction et de l’interprétation

Personnes en difficulté face à l\u27écrit (Les)

Maîtriser les compétences de base en compréhension orale ou écrite et en calcul facilite l’accès à l’emploi et l\u27évolution professionnelle. C\u27est une condition essentielle pour l’autonomie dans la vie quotidienne. A la demande d\u27un collectif de grandes organisations et d\u27associations nationales fédérées par l\u27Agence nationale de lutte contre l\u27illettrisme (ANLCI), la lutte contre l’illettrisme a été déclarée Grande cause nationale en 2013 par le Premier ministre. Une deuxième génération de plan régional de prévention et de lutte contre l’illettrisme en Ile-de- France (2014-2016) a été finalisée. Dans ce contexte, l’Insee, en collaboration avec l’ANLCI, la direction de l’Animation de la recherche, des études et des statistiques (Dares) du ministère du Travail et de l’emploi, la direction de l’Evaluation, de la prospective et de la performance (DEPP) du ministère de l’Education nationale, le département des Statistiques, des études et de la documentation (DSED) duministère de l’Intérieur, la Délégation générale à la langue française et aux langues de France (DGLFLF) du ministère de la Culture et le Secrétariat général du comité interministériel des villes (SG-CIV), a mené l’enquête Information et Vie quotidienne en 2011-2012 dont l’objectif est de déterminer le niveau de maîtrise des compétences de base des individus : en compréhension orale ou écrite et en calcul. Ce dossier fait suite à la publication des premiers résultats de l’enquête régionale en décembre 2012. Il donne un éclairage sur les niveaux de compétences des Franciliens et s’attache à définir les populations touchées par les difficultés face à l’écrit et au calcul

Impact of Rising World Rice Prices on Poverty and Inequality in Burkina Faso

Between January 2006 and April 2008, the prices of most agricultural products rose considerably in international markets. Empirical studies show that this spike in world food prices increased the number of poor households in developing countries, but the extent was not the same in all countries. This article assesses the impact of rising rice prices on poverty and income inequality in Burkina Faso, using a methodology based on the concept of compensating variation combined with the net benefit ratio (NBR) developed by Deaton (1989) and a living standard survey (QUIBB, 2003). The results show that higher prices have a negative impact on income and poverty in the regions with a large proportion of households that are net buyers of rice. The poverty rate increases by 2.2 to 2.9 percentage points depending on the assumptions, the increase being higher in urban areas than in rural areas. Rising rice prices also increase income inequality, which increases particularly in urban areas and in relatively rich regions, but decreases in poor regions with a large proportion of rice producers

Southern Europeans in France: Invisible Migrants?

France fared relatively well at the start of the current economic crisis, but has experienced low economic growth and high unemployment rates in the recent years. As a result it has been a less popular destination with Southern Europeans and EU migrants in general in search of economic opportunities. Although their numbers have increased and represent a growing proportion of recent flows to France, they remain low compared to numbers observed in Germany and the UK. Despite this statistical reality, EU mobility and more generally the role of the EU in economic and social policy have been at the forefront of debates in France since the start of the 2000s, thus well before the start of the crisis. These debates have focused on two populations – the Roma and posted workers – with both groups being portrayed as threats to the French welfare state. Although posted workers are not migrants, according to official EU definitions, their characteristics and experiences are similar to other groups of temporary migrant workers. Southern Europeans account for an increasing number of posted workers, and although they have not been the primary nationalities targeted in discussions concerning this issue, the debates and policy changes introduced in the recent years concern them as well. Moreover, we argue that the focusing of political debates on other populations in France has contributed to the relative invisibility of Southern European immigrants in this country

Determinants of exclusive breastfeeding in Nigeria

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Exclusive breast feeding (EBF) has important protective effects on the survival of infants and decreases risk for many early-life diseases. The purpose of this study was to assess the factors associated with EBF in Nigeria.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Data on 658 children less than 6 months of age were obtained from the Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) 2003. The 2003 NDHS was a multi-stage cluster sample survey of 7864 households. EBF rates were examined against a set of individual, household and community level variables using a backward stepwise multilevel logistic regression method.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The average EBF rate among infants younger than 6 months of age was 16.4% (95%CI: 12.6%-21.1%) but was only 7.1% in infants in their fifth month of age. After adjusting for potential confounders, multivariate analyses revealed that the odds of EBF were higher in rich (Adjusted Odds Ratios (AOR) = 1.15, CI = 0.28-6.69) and middle level (AOR = 2.45, CI = 1.06-5.68) households than poor households. Increasing infant age was associated with significantly less EBF (AOR = 0.65, 95%CI: 0.51-0.82). Mothers who had four or more antenatal visits were significantly more likely to engage in EBF (AOR = 2.70, 95%CI = 1.04-7.01). Female infants were more likely to be exclusively breastfed than male infants (AOR = 2.13, 95%CI = 1.03-4.39). Mothers who lived in the North Central geopolitical region were significantly more likely to exclusively breastfeed their babies than those mothers who lived in other geopolitical regions.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The EBF rate in Nigeria is low and falls well short of the expected levels needed to achieve a substantial reduction in child mortality. Antenatal care was strongly associated with an increased rate of EBF. Appropriate infant feeding practises are needed if Nigeria is to reach the child survival Millennium Development Goal of reducing infant mortality from about 100 deaths per 1000 live births to a target of 35 deaths per 1000 live births by the year 2015.</p

Women's perceptions of homebirths in two rural medical districts in Burkina Faso: a qualitative study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In developing countries, most childbirth occurs at home and is not assisted by skilled attendants. The situation increases the risk of death for both mother and child and has severe maternal complications. The purpose of this study was to describe women's perceptions of homebirths in the medical districts of Ouargaye and Diapaga.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A qualitative approach was used to gather information. This information was collected by using focus group discussions and individual interviews with 30 women. All the interviews were tape recorded and managed by using QSR NVIVO 2.0, qualitative data management software.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The findings show that homebirths are frequent because of prohibitive distance to health facilities, fast labour and easy labour, financial constraints, lack of decision making power to reach health facilities.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The study echoes the need for policy makers to make health facilities easily available to rural inhabitants to forestall maternal and child deaths in the two districts.</p