Burnout among chiropractic practitioners: Real or imagined an exploratory study protocol

Burnout is a psychological syndrome of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment that has been found to exist in a significant number of healthcare and helping professionals. It imposes a significant societal burden by shortened practitioner lifespan, decreased efficiency, negative health outcomes and poorer levels of patient care. Theoretical models suggest that it appears to be the result of a complex interaction between job resources and job demands. It may be reasonable to conclude that Chiropractic professionals experience similar vocational demands and thus experience significant levels of occupational stress and subsequent burnout. However the data on burnout within the chiropractic profession is limited. It is possible that this results in significant negative outcomes on chiropractors and their patients. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to demonstrate the need to explore burnout in chiropractic practice and offer a research protocol for a potential study

Investigating the Dynamics and Density Evolution of Returning Plasma Blobs from the 2011 June 7 Eruption

This work examines infalling matter following an enormous Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) on 2011 June 7. The material formed discrete concentrations, or blobs, in the corona and fell back to the surface, appearing as dark clouds against the bright corona. In this work we examined the density and dynamic evolution of these blobs in order to formally assess the intriguing morphology displayed throughout their descent. The blobs were studied in five wavelengths (94, 131, 171, 193 and 211 \AA) using the Solar Dynamics Observatory Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (SDO/AIA), comparing background emission to attenuated emission as a function of wavelength to calculate column densities across the descent of four separate blobs. We found the material to have a column density of hydrogen of approximately 2 $\times$ 10$^{19}$ cm$^{-2}$, which is comparable with typical pre-eruption filament column densities. Repeated splitting of the returning material is seen in a manner consistent with the Rayleigh-Taylor instability. Furthermore, the observed distribution of density and its evolution are also a signature of this instability. By approximating the three-dimensional geometry (with data from STEREO-A), volumetric densities were found to be approximately 2 $\times$ 10$^{-14}$ g cm$^{-3}$, and this, along with observed dominant length-scales of the instability, was used to infer a magnetic field of the order 1 G associated with the descending blobs.Comment: 9 pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication in Ap

Bracketing off populations does not advance ethical reflection on EVCs: A reply to Kayser and Schneider

In a recent contribution to this journal, Kayser and Schneider reviewed the relevance of external visible characteristics (EVCs) for criminal investigation [1]. Their aim was to broaden the debate about the scientific, legal, and ethical dimensions of the use of EVCs for criminal investigation, which will help to achieve a firm legal basis for the application of EVCs eventually. While we applaud Kayser's and Schneider's overall very thoughtful and nuanced discussion of this topic, we were surprised to read that they suggest that a discussion of ‘the challenges of using problematic definitions of populations […] has to be kept separate from using EVCs’ (p. 158). In contrast to these authors, we contend that questions about defining populations – both at the level of scientific research, and the application of EVCs in criminal investigation – lie at the core of most social, ethical, and legal issues raised by the translation of EVCs into forensic and police practice

Eco Global Evaluation: Cross Benefits of Economic and Ecological Evaluation

This paper highlights the complementarities of cost and environmental evaluation in a sustainable approach. Starting with the needs and limits for whole product lifecycle evaluation, this paper begins with the modeling, data capture and performance indicator aspects. In a second step, the information issue, regarding the whole lifecycle of the product is addressed. In order to go further than the economical evaluations/assessment, the value concept (for a product or a service) is discussed. Value could combine functional requirements, cost objectives and environmental impact. Finally, knowledge issues which address the complexity of integrating multi-disciplinary expertise to the whole lifecycle of a product are discussing.EcoSD NetworkEcoSD networ

Expression of AT1R, AT2R and AT4R and their roles in extravillous trophoblast invasion in the human

The placental renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is active from early pregnancy and may have a role in placentation. Angiotensin II (AngII) acts via binding to receptor types AT1R and AT2R. Recently smaller peptide members of the angiotensin family have been recognised as having biological relevance. Angiotensin (3-8) (AngIV) has a specific receptor (AT4R) and evokes hypertrophy, vasodilatation and vascular inflammatory response. The aim of this study was to characterise placental expression of AT1R, AT2R and AT4R, and to determine whether AngII and AngIV regulate extravillous trophoblast (EVT) invasion, apoptosis and proliferation. Placental samples were obtained from women undergoing elective surgical termination of pregnancy (TOP) at 8-10 weeks gestation (early TOP), 12-14 weeks gestation (mid TOP) or at delivery following normal pregnancy or with pre-eclampsia (PE). Immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR were performed to determine placental mRNA and protein expression of AT1R, AT2R and AT4R was done at all gestational ages. EVT invasion following culture with AngII or AngIV was assessed in early placental tissue using Matrigel invasion assays. Invasion was assessed on day 6 of culture and placental explants were harvested for immunohistochemical analysis of apoptosis and proliferation. The results from qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry showed placental AT1R expression which did not vary with gestation. The highest levels of expression of AT2R were found in early and mid TOP placentae compared to term pregnancy. Expression of AT4R was increased in term placentae, with a significant reduction in PE placentae. Moreover, culture with AngIV or AngII increased EVT invasion from placental explants, which showed increased trophoblast proliferation and reduced apoptosis. This study has characterised expression of AT4R and AT1R and AT2R in human placenta throughout normal pregnancy and in PE. Both AngIV and AngII may play an important role in normal pregnancy