53 research outputs found
Medicine 5th course student’s attitudes towards mental health
Introducción. El estigma social que persiste hacia la enfermedad mental puede estar presente en los estudiantes de medicina
e impactar en la forma de considerar ésta y la psiquiatría como especialidad.
Objetivo. Investigar la actitud hacia la enfermedad mental y la psiquiatría en una muestra de estudiantes.
Sujetos y métodos. Se realizó una encuesta estructurada, voluntaria y anónima a los 27 estudiantes de quinto curso
del grado de medicina de la Universidad San Pablo-CEU de Madrid. La encuesta incluía un cuestionario sobre el nivel de
familiaridad hacia la enfermedad mental, el cuestionario de actitud hacia la enfermedad mental (AMI) y el cuestionario
adaptado de Balon sobre la actitud hacia la psiquiatría.
Resultados. Un total de 22 alumnos respondió la encuesta (72,7% mujeres). Estos alumnos presentaron una alta familiaridad
con la enfermedad mental (puntuación media: 7,27; máximo: 11). El 81,8% refirieron una actitud positiva hacia la
enfermedad mental (escala AMI). Las puntuaciones de la escala de Balon también mostraron un nivel alto de acuerdo en
los méritos globales de la psiquiatría y en la eficacia de ésta. Tampoco las respuestas respecto al rol y función del psiquiatra
y a la carrera profesional revelaron una postura negativa. No hubo relación entre la familiaridad y la actitud hacia la
enfermedad mental o hacia la psiquiatría.
Conclusiones. En esta muestra no se evidencia la existencia de estigma hacia la enfermedad mental o hacia la psiquiatría.
Posteriores estudios en muestras más amplias y evaluaciones de la enseñanza de la psiquiatría son necesarios para profundizar
en este tema
Can suicidal behaviour be prevented in patients with chronic pain?
Parece evidente es que la conducta suicida, o al menos la ideación suicida, es más frecuente en los enfermos que padecen dolor crónico que en la población general.2 página
Health Related Quality of Life in Coronary Patients.
The increase observed in the survival of patients with ischemic cardiopathy, together with
the effect of the disease on the social, professional, and family life of those suffering from it,
have led researchers to consider that the traditional ways of measuring morbidity and
mortality are not adequate for assessing the potential benefits of health care interventions.
For this reason, there is common agreement on the need to use an indicator of subjective
assessment of health, and of health related quality of life (HRQL), as a complementary
criterion for monitoring the results of medical interventions in these patients.
The term "quality of life" (QoL) or health related quality of life (HRQL) came into use during
the 1970s as a multidimensional concept reflecting the overall subjective condition of the
physical and mental welfare of the individual, which is a consequence not only of the
disease but also of the family and social conditions forming the patient’s environment.
The assessment of these patients’ HRQL has been tackled by several authors using both
disease-specific and generic instruments such as the Nottingham Health Profile, the Sickness
Impact Profile, the SF-36 or the SF-12 health questionnaire. Both types of instrument have
advantages and disadvantages, and they may provide additional information since they
quantify the patient’s overall health.
Using different multidimensional measures, poorer HRQL has been observed in patients
with Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) and angina pectoris than in other populations, and
these differences have been related to low social class, female sex, the presence of mental
disorders and the severity of the clinical condition.
Measuring changes in the HRQL of coronary patients is also important as a way of assessing
interventions and predicting needs for social care, because it has been shown that the focus
of attention in the immediate period following a cardiac attack is generally the physical
functioning, but following discharge from hospital and in the longer term, general health,
vitality, social and emotional functions could be at least as important.
In this chapter, we aim to provide an overview of the concept of HRQL and the usefulness
of this measure from the perspective of a coronary patient. Likewise, we intend to review
the main instruments used to assess HRQL and we analyse the factors that have been seen
to affect the quality of life of these patients
El Deterioro Cognitivo: un Factor a Tener en Cuenta en la Evaluación e Intervención de Pacientes con Dolor Crónico.
El dolor crónico constituye un grave problema de salud
pública, dada su elevada prevalencia y las consecuencias
personales y sociales que produce. La presencia de dolor
crónico se ha asociado con un deterioro cognitivo leve, sobre
todo en los pacientes afectados por fibromialgia o dolor
neuropático, habiéndose relacionado esto con la concurrencia
en estos pacientes, de otros procesos, como la
ansiedad, la depresión, los trastornos del sueño y el consumo
de ciertos fármacos, todos ellos habituales en los pacientes
con dolor crónico.
En esta revisión, hacemos un repaso del complejo proceso
de la cognición así como de los distintos elementos
que lo integran. Asimismo, revisamos los mecanismos mediante
los que el dolor crónico puede afectar el proceso de
la cognición y el modo en el que este puede verse afectado
por la concurrencia de otras patologías, o por los fármacos
habitualmente utilizados para su tratamiento.
Finalmente se plantea la necesidad de evaluar el deterioro
cognitivo en los pacientes con dolor crónico, con el objetivo
de evitar la progresión de la enfermedad cognitiva
hacia un cuadro de deterioro más grave, así como de contribuir
a mejorar la respuesta terapéutica al dolor y el aumento
de la calidad de vida de los pacientes.Chronic pain constitutes a serious public health problem
due to its high prevalence and the social and personal consequences.
The presence of chronic pain has been associated
with mild cognitive impairment, especially in patients
with fibromyalgia and neuropathic pain, and it has been also
related with other disease like anxiety, depression, sleep
disorders and the use of certain drugs, usually taken on
these patients.
This document revises the complex issue of the cognitive
process and the several elements that comprise it. Likewise,
we review the different mechanisms by which pain affect
cognitive process and the way it could be affected by
other disease, or by drugs commonly used on treatment.
It is necessary to assess mild cognitive impairment on
chronic pain patients, in order to prevent the develop and
the evolution of cognitive disease to a more severe impairment,
as well as help to improve therapeutic response to
pain and increase health related quality of life of patients
Sleep Characteristics in Diabetic Patients Depending on the Occurrence of Neuropathic Pain and Related Factors
This study aims to compare the sleep characteristics (structure and quality) in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus with and without diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP), and to investigate the relationship of sensory phenotypes, anxiety, and depression with sleep quality in DNP patients. A cross-sectional study was performed in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus and neuropathy. Patients were classified into two groups-with or without neuropathic pain-according to the "Douleur Neuropathique-4 (DN4)" scale. Sleep characteristics and quality (Medical Outcomes Study-MOS-sleep), pain phenotype (Neuropathic Pain Symptom Inventory-NPSI), mood status (Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale-HADS), pain intensity (Visual Analogue Scale-VAS), and quality of life (SF-12v2) were measured. The sample included 130 patients (65 with DNP). The mean scores in all the dimensions of the MOS-sleep scale were higher (more disturbances) in the DNP patients. Higher scores in anxiety or depression, greater intensity of pain or a higher score in the paroxysmal pain phenotype were associated with lower sleep quality in DNP patients. A shorter duration of the diabetes and lower levels of glycated hemoglobin were also associated with lower sleep quality. The results show the relationship between DNP and sleep quality, and the importance of assessing sensory phenotypes and mental comorbidities in these patients. Taking these factors into consideration, to adopt a multimodal approach is necessary to achieve better clinical results
Living with opioids: A qualitative study with patients with chronic low back pain
Background Opioids are one of the most prescribed treatments for chronic pain (CP). However, their long-term use (>3 months) has been surrounded by controversy, due to loss of beneficial effects. Objective To explore the experiences of people with chronic non-malignant low back pain in Spain undergoing long-term treatment with opioids. Design Qualitative study. Setting and participants We conducted 15 semi-structured interviews at the Pain Clinic with persons taking opioid treatment. Methods The interviews were analysed by qualitative content analysis as described by Graneheim and Lundman, and developed categories and themes discussed in light of a biomedicalization framework. Main results We developed one overarching theme-Living with opioids: dependence and autonomy while seeking relief-and three categories:The long pathway to opioids due to the invisibility of pain; Opioids: from blind date to a long-term relationship; andWhat opioids cannot fix. Discussion The long and difficult road to find effective treatments was a fundamental part of coping with pain, involving long-term relationships with the health system. This study reflects the benefits, and drawbacks of opioids, along with struggles to maintain autonomy and make decisions while undergoing long-term treatment with opioids. The paper also highlights the consequences of pain in the economy, family and social life of patients. Conclusions Patients' experiences should be considered to a greater extent by health-care professionals when giving information about opioids and setting treatment goals. Greater consideration of the social determinants of health that affect CP experiences might lead to more effective solutions to CP
A nationwide study of chronic pain prevalence in the general Spanish population, identifying clinical subgroups through cluster analysis.
Objective. This study aims to assess the prevalence
of chronic pain, its characteristics, and its
impact on the general Spanish population. Also,
to establish chronic pain patient subgroups according
to the characteristics of pain and to identify
variables specifically associated with each subgroup.
Design. Telephone-based, cross-sectional nationwide
study.
Subjects. A sample of 1,957 individuals representative
of the Spanish population.
Methods. Data were collected through telephone
interviews. A subject was considered to have
chronic pain if they had suffered pain (at least 4 days
a week) during the last 3 months. The subjects were
divided into two subgroups through a cluster analysis,
and a regression model was established to
determine the variables most specifically associated
with these subgroups.
Results. The prevalence of chronic pain was 16.6%
(95% confidence interval: 14.9–18.3) and among
these subjects, more than 50% referred to limitations
in their daily activities, 30% felt sad and/or
anxious, and 47.2% indicated that their pain was
affecting their family life. Two subgroups of subjects
with pain were identified: 1) characterized by generalized
pain in more than one location and of a long
evolution (150 months); and 2) characterized by pain
localized to only one site with a shorter duration
(100 months). Individuals who felt anxious because
of their pain and those who considered that their
pain was affecting their family were more likely to
belong to group 1.
Conclusions. Pain affects an important proportion
of the Spanish adult population and that it has a
strong personal impact. Two pain groups were
clearly distinguished by their clinical characteristics
Undiagnosed mood disorders and sleep disturbances in primary care patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain.
Objective. The study aims to determine the prevalence
of undiagnosed comorbid mood disorders in
patients suffering chronic musculoskeletal pain in
a primary care setting and to identify sleep disturbances
and other associated factors in these
patients, and to compare the use of health services
by chronic musculoskeletal pain patients with and
without comorbid mood disorders.
Design. Cross-sectional study.
Subjects. A total of 1,006 patients with chronic musculoskeletal
pain from a representative sample of
primary care centers were evaluated.
Outcome Measures. Pain was measured using a
visual analog scale and the Primary Care Evaluation
of Mental Disorders questionnaire was used to
measure mood disorders.
Results. We observed a high prevalence of undiagnosed
mood disorders in chronic musculoskeletal
pain patients (74.7%, 95% confidence interval
[CI] 71.9–77.4%), with greater comorbidity in
women (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.91, 95%
CI 1.37–2.66%) and widow(er)s (adjusted OR = 1.87,
95% CI 1.19–2.91%). Both sleep disturbances
(adjusted OR = 1.60, 95% CI 1.17–2.19%) and pain
intensity (adjusted OR = 1.02, 95% CI 1.01–1.02%)
displayed a direct relationship with mood disorders.
Moreover, we found that chronic musculoskeletal
pain patients with comorbid mood disorders availed
of health care services more frequently than those
without (P < 0.001).
Conclusions. The prevalence of undiagnosed mood
disorders in patients with chronic musculoskeletal
pain is very high in primary care settings. Our findings
suggest that greater attention should be paid to
this condition in general practice and that sleep disorders
should be evaluated in greater detail to
achieve accurate diagnoses and select the most
appropriate treatment
Aplicación de método de enseñanza basada en el problema (EBP) en el aprendizaje de la asignatura Salud Pública en Fisioterapia.
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