Factors Affecting Human Papillomavirus Vaccination in Men: Systematic Review

BackgroundDespite the high risks associated with human papillomavirus (HPV), the HPV vaccination rate of men is far lower than women. Most previous review studies have focused on female vaccination and related affecting factors. However, previous studies have reported that the factors affecting HPV vaccination differ by gender. ObjectiveThe aim of this review was to identify the factors affecting HPV vaccine initiation in men through a systematic review approach. MethodsA literature review was conducted across 3 central electronic databases for relevant articles. A total of 30 articles published between 2013 and 2019 met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed in this study. ResultsIn total, 50 factors affecting HPV vaccination in men were identified, including 13 sociodemographic factors and social structure factors, 12 belief-related variables, 4 family factors, 4 community factors, 14 variables related to needs, and 3 environmental factors. ConclusionsTo increase HPV vaccination rates in men, strategies targeting young males and their families should consider frequent visits to or contact with health care providers so that health care professionals can provide recommendations for HPV vaccination

Opposite Polarity Surface Photovoltage of MoS2Monolayers on Au Nanodot versus Nanohole Arrays

© 2020 American Chemical Society. We prepared MoS2 monolayers on Au nanodot (ND) and nanohole (NH) arrays. Both these sample arrays exhibited enhanced photoluminescence intensity compared with that of a bare SiO2/Si substrate. The reflectance spectra of MoS2/ND and MoS2/NH had clear features originating from excitation of localized surface plasmon and propagating surface plasmon polaritons. Notably, the surface photovoltages (SPV) of these hybrid plasmonic nanostructures had opposite polarities, indicating negative and positive charging at MoS2/ND and MoS2/NH, respectively. Surface potential maps, obtained by Kelvin probe force microscopy, suggested that the potential gradient led to a distinct spatial distribution of photo-generated charges in these two samples under illumination. Furthermore, the local density of photo-generated excitons, as predicted from optical simulations, explained the SPV spectra of MoS2/ND and MoS2/NH. We show that the geometric configuration of the plasmonic nanostructures modified the polarity of photo-generated excess charges in MoS2. These findings point to a useful means of optimizing optoelectronic characteristics and improving the performance of MoS2-based plasmonic devices11sciescopu