Part-time or Full-time Employment : Choices and Constraints

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Part-time or Full-time Employment: Choices and Constraints

This article explores nurses’ working-hour practices in Norwegian nursing homes through a career path. Although the nursing profession is dominated by women and is a typical part-time occupation, this study found variations in working-hour patterns among nurses. These variations suggest that nurses not only have different career patterns but also that the working hours of individual nurses vary throughout a career. The analysis highlights different contextual factors that influence nurses’ working hours during their careers. The findings are based on data collected through in-depth interviews with 22 nurses over the age of 56. As a result, we conclude that the working-hour patterns of nurses are constructed out of interactions among the welfare state, the labor market, and family practices, meaning that workinghour patterns can be influenced and changed

Is There Gold in Green? A Modified Perspective of Income Developments in Active Agriculture

This thesis seeks to answer how active agricultural incomes in Norway have evolved from 1970 to 2021, by modifying the aggregated account. The calculation of the farmer’s income has been a contentious debate for a longer period, and our aim is for this thesis to calculate a more realistic development model for agricultural incomes. By utilizing agricultural statistics from various sources, we present the modified aggregated account, as outlined by the Grytten Committee in 2022, spanning from 1970 to 2021. Our findings indicate that active farmers generally have a lower pre-tax income when applying this framework compared to the original aggregated account. Our objective is not to provide a specific figure for the earnings of Norwegian farmers but rather to examine how income has evolved over time. We apply the Hodrick-Prescott filter to several time series to compare developments in the cyclical components over time. For agricultural income and economic cycles, we find no clear correlations. This is partly due to agricultural incomes being subject to extensive support schemes and market regulations. Furthermore, we identify a positive relationship between agricultural incomes and agricultural production. This aligns with our assumptions, as a portion of the income is directly tied to production. We also demonstrate that fluctuations between incomes and subsidies often exhibit close covariance, although not universally. The inconsistency stems from excessive subsidies leading to overproduction and subsequently reduced income, and due to subsidies serving multiple purposes. Our findings reveal a growing divergence between NIBIO’s and our modified account over time, but also demonstrates the independence of income from broader economic fluctuations. Thanks to strong support systems and favorable market regulations for agriculture, incomes remain relatively insulated from economic cycles and, to some extent, also production fluctuations. Nevertheless, production will still have a certain correlation with incomes, as a portion of the earnings is directly linked to the sale of goods.nhhma

Disability and Poverty

This book is about being disabled and being poor and the social, cultural and political processes that link these two aspects of living in what has been characterised as a “vicious circle” (Yeo & Moore 2003). It is also about the strengths that people show when living with disability and being poor. How they try to overcome their problems and making the best out of what little they have. This book will appeal to academics, postgraduates and policymakers in disability studies, development studies, poverty and social exclusion

Keeping calm on a busy day—an interpersonal skill home care patients desire in health workers: hermeneutical phenomenological method

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Norwegian Hydropower Producers’ Response to the 2021 Energy Price Shock: An Analysis of the Development in the Water Values

Norwegian electricity prices surged during the last half of 2021. A significant increase in the European gas prices and the prices of carbon allowances, low inflow to the reservoirs in southern Norway, and increased demand due to the post-pandemic rebound of economic activity were central drivers for the increase in the electricity price. Soaring prices in thermal energy sources and diminishing water levels in the reservoir have shown how volatile the electricity price can be in a power system that predominantly relies on hydropower. Consequently, understanding how these price determinants influenced the water values of the Norwegian hydropower producers in 2021, will be an important factor to ensure the energy security in the future. This paper analyses the development of the water values of 17 Norwegian hydropower plants in price areas NO2 and NO5 in the last half of 2021. Through a double censored regression model, the study finds that 71,4 % of the hydropower plants with reliable results had an increasing trend in the water values, while 21,4 % had a decreasing trend. Furthermore, the study analyses how the hydropower producers reacted to the development in the Norwegian and European energy markets. The study finds that 78,6 % of the hydropower producers increased the water values when the gas price increased, and 71,4 % reduced their water values when the European gas storage levels increased. If the carbon spot price increased, 27 % of the hydropower producers increase the water values, while 84,6 % of the producers lowered the water values when the reservoir filling increased. By applying the rolling window approach to the double censored regression model, we identified potential responses to the market signals for six of the hydropower plants in the study. The responses suggested that the hydropower producers changed their expectations with respect to the market signal, and thus revised their models. The study found that five producers responded in late August and September, while one plant may have had a reaction in November. The evidence suggests that 100 % of the responses indicated a reaction to the European gas storage filling. It was found that 71 % of the responses were associated with the degree of reservoir filling of the hydropower plant. 43 % of the responses could indicate a reaction to the carbon spot price, and 71 % of the responses were associated with a change in expectations of the gas price. However, there was a great deal of uncertainty related to the results from the rolling window analysis, and the evidence should be viewed with caution

“Our Health Was Better in the Time of Queen Elizabeth” : The Importance of Land to the Health Perception of the Botswana San

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Patient influence in home-based reablement for older persons : qualitative research

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