Continued Work or Retirement? Preferred Exit-age in Western European countries?

The combination of greying populations, decreasing fertility rates and a marked trend in falling retirement age is profoundly challenging the sharing of resources and supporting responsibilities between generations in the developed world. Previous studies on earlier exit-trends have focused mainly on supply-side incentives and generally conclude that people will exit given available retirement options. Substantial cross-national variations in exit-ages however remain unexplained. This suggests that also normative factors such as attitudes to work and retirement might be of importance. Through multi-level analyses, this study evaluates how welfare regime generosity, as well as production regime coordination explains cross-national patterns of retirement preferences across twelve Western European countries. Analysis firstly shows how both men and women on average prefer to retire at 58 years, meaning on average approximately 7 or 5.5 years before statutory retirement age in the case of men and women respectively. Contrary to what is expected from previous research on supply-side factors, preferences for relatively later retirement is found within more generous welfare regimens and also within more extensively coordinated production regimes. For women, however, institutional effects do not remain once substantial cross-national differences in women's statutory retirement ages are taken into account.Continued Work; Retirement

Family Policy, Perceived Stress and Work-Family Conflict A Comparative Analysis of Women in 20 Welfare States

In what ways can family policy institutions be linked to women’s perceived stress and work-family conflict? This study combines new institutional information, enabling a multi-dimensional analysis of family policy legislation, with micro data on individuals’ perceived stress and work-family conflict for 20 welfare democracies from the International Social Survey Program of 2002. By use of multilevel regression, individual- and country-level factors are brought together in simultaneous analyses of their relationships with perceived stress and workfamily conflict. Our evaluations do not lend evidence to hypotheses predicting higher stress and role conflicts in countries where family policy design offers extensive support to dual-earner families. Findings are more in line with institutionalist ideas on work-family reconciliation, indicating that family policy institutions supportive of dual-earner families counterbalance stress emanatingfamily policy legislation; perceived stress; work-family conflict; International Social Survey Program of 2002

Job Preferences in Comparative Perspective 1989-2015: A Multidimensional Evaluation of Individual and Contextual Influences

This article aims to provide a comparative assessment of work values across countries as well as over time. Differences and similarities in job preferences for eight central value dimensions are examined across nineteen countries between 1989 and 2015, made possible by four survey rounds from the International Social Survey, Work Orientation modules. Analyses of how extrinsic and intrinsic work values are related to individual and contextual factors are guided by contrasting theoretical approaches - modernization theory and a welfare-state institutional perspective. Four main results are reported. First, secure and interesting jobs are the most preferred job qualities, universally important to nearly all employees throughout all survey years. Second, values are markedly stable over time, but vary more across countries. Third, large majorities simultaneously value work autonomy, high income, advancement opportunities, jobs perceived as useful to society or helpful to others, indicating how individuals generally, are both intrinsically and extrinsically oriented toward work, with some gendered differences. Fourth partly in support of welfare-state institutional expectations, work values differ across countries mostly in relation to economic equality rather than economic development, so that both extrinsic and intrinsic work values are more important in more unequal societies

Advanced European Re-Entry System Based on Inflatable Heat Shields EFESTO project overview: preliminary IOD mission and system definition

The European Union H2020 EFESTO project is coordinated by DEIMOS Space with the end goals of improving the European TRL of Inflatable Heat Shields for re-entry vehicles from 3 to 4/5 and pave the way to an In-Orbit Demonstration (IOD) that can further raise the TRL to 6. This paper provides a synthesis of the EFESTO design and experimental achievements and sums up the Inflatable Heatshield IOD mission and system design which is the final step of the EFESTO project. First, the initial IOD design resulted from a dedicated concurrent engineering analysis is introduced. The session core consisted of trading-off on the system configuration options derived from the sequential design and testing campaigns, including the Inflatable Structure (IS) and Flexible Thermal Protection Systems (F-TPS) key subsystems, but also on additional aspects such as launcher and landing site selection. The driving rationale here corresponded to the maximization of the scientific return of the experiment while also taking into account feasibility considerations related to the current European Space Sector capabilities and market opportunities. The subsequent design phase focused instead on harmonizing and the mission and system definition and extending it with a preliminary assessment of the IOD system realization and mission implementation. This final output represents a unique contribution of the EFESTO project to the European know-how in inflatable heatshield technology and promotes the relevance of the EFESTO Consortium in the frame of a European re-entry technology roadmap

Career service papers - csp 18/21

Inhaltsübersicht: Christine Buchwald: Vorstellung eines Modells zur Förderung der Transferkompetenz durch ein studentisches Praktikum, inkl. Nutzungsmöglichkeiten für Career Services Irina Gewinner & Mara Esser: Geschlechtsspezifische Studienfachwahl und kulturell bedingte (geschlechts)stereotypische Einstellungen Friederike Schulze-Reichelt, Wilfried Schubarth: Was nützt mir das Studium? Zur Bedeutung des Berufsfeldbezuges für den Studienerfolg. Befunde und Empfehlungen des StuFo-Projekts Miriam Schmitt, Johanna M. Werz, Esther Borowski, Uwe Wilkesmann, Ingrid Isenhardt: Ein Online-Tool für die Karriereplanung von Frauen in MINT-Berufen: Herausforderungen und Chancen Sigrid Maxl-Studler, André Romano: Mobile Recruiting. Nutzung, Akzeptanz und Herausforderungen mobiler Bewerbungen aus Sicht der Generationen Y und Z Jing Su, Vera Yu, Nelli Wagner: Ein chinesisches „Ja“ ist nicht gleich einem deutschen „Ja“. Herausforderungen in der Unterstützung von chinesischen Studierende

Alterações musculares e esqueléticas cervicais em mulheres disfônicas

Termo clínico, a disfonia envolve a todas as transformações e dificuldades durante a emissão vocal, as quais resultam no impedimento da produção normal da voz. Pacientes como esse problema, podem apresentar desequilíbrio da musculatura crâniocervical e laríngea e lesão orgânica subjacente. A disfonia resulta em modificações fonatórias, limitando atividades diárias relacionadas ao uso da voz, impactando na vida social e na qualidade de vida do indivíduo. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar alterações musculares e esqueléticas cervicais em mulheres com disfonia, conforme identificado na literatura científica sobre o tema. Para isso, realizou-se uma revisão integrativa de literatura, selecionando estudos nas bases de dados Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (Lilacs) e Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline). A partir da análise qualitativa dos resultados, concluiu-se que dor intensa na região posterior do pescoço e na laringe se manifestam em mulheres disfônicas. Contribuem para isso a função prejudicada da articulação cervical e alterações da amplitude de movimento cervical. Com isso, compreende-se que o abuso vocal e o mau uso da voz como fatores mais comuns para a disfonia

Patologias atuais: a compulsão e a sociedade dos excessos: Current pathologies: compulsion and the society of excesses

O artigo em tela tem por objetivo analisar os aspectos biopsicossociais da conduta compulsiva de consumo. Propõe-se a apresentar os elementos psicológicos contidos nesse comportamento, além de verificar quais são os resultados decorrentes dessa compulsão. O consumo compulsivo, também chamado de oniomania, é um transtorno causado pela ansiedade despertada pela necessidade de comprar e saciada, somente, quando é materializada a aquisição daquilo que se deseja comprar. O estudo em questão pode ser classificado como sendo de cunho bibliográfico, a partir da análise de documentos publicados em forma de artigos científicos e livros em formato digital

Matched on job qualities? Single and coupled parents in European comparison

publishedVersio

Why Work? : Comparative Studies on Welfare Regimes and Individuals' Work Orientations

The main purpose of this thesis is to examine how different welfare and production regimes may have structured individuals’ work orientations into cross-national patterns by the late 1990s and early 2000s. Three different aspects of work orientations are considered in the three studies. Study 1: Welfare Regimes, Production Regimes and Employment Commitment: A Multi-level analysis of Twelve OECD countries. Since the introduction of the first social insurance schemes, questions have been raised regarding the trade-off between the adequacy and equity of benefits, and their effects on individuals’ work orientations. This study examines the role of both welfare and production regime institutions for explaining cross-national patterns in individuals’ employment commitment across twelve OECD-countries in the late 1990s. Results from multi-level analyses show firstly how employment commitment is stronger within more generous welfare regimes as well as within more extensively coordinated production regimes. Secondly, institutions are found to be more important for structuring the attitudes of persons with less stable labour market attachment. Thirdly, for men, there are clear positive cross-level interaction effects between institutional structures and individuals’ socio-economic status, whereas institutions matter more equally regardless of socio-economic status for women. In relation to the concerns with the allegedly negative unintended consequences of welfare regime institutions for creating distortions, these seem to be unwarranted with regards to employment commitment. To the contrary, there appears to be a ‘paradox of employment commitment’: clearly earnings-related benefits of more generous welfare regimes appear to generate stronger commitment to take part in paid work. Study 2: Unemployment Insurance and Work Values in Twenty-Three Welfare States. This study addresses the question of whether extended ‘social rights’, specifically in the form of unemployment insurance, is undermining people’s willingness to perform their ‘social duties’ in the form of productive work. Multi-level analyses is used to evaluate how three aspects of institutional design may explain cross-national patterns of work values across twenty-three industrialized countries in 2000. There is a consistent tendency for a positive relationship between more traditional work values with higher generosity of benefit levels as well as more demanding eligibility conditions. To the contrary, a negative relationship is found in relation to duration periods. The strength and significance of these relationships however differ across the three value dimensions studied. Firstly, the clearest pattern is found in relation to how work is valued as a ‘duty towards society’, where all institutional effects are significant. Secondly, in relation to valuations of how ‘unemployed persons should accept job offers or lose their benefits’, the positive effects of the eligibility factor are non-significant, and the negative duration effects are only significant among working men. Thirdly, in relation to how work is not valued as a ‘free choice’, institutional effects are only significant when working women within the sixteen ‘older’ welfare states are compared. The effects of economic development are inconsistent across value dimensions and in the opposite direction expected from modernization theory; more traditional work values are found to be stronger in countries with higher levels of economic development. Study 3: Continued Work or Retirement? Preferred Exit-age in Western European countries. The combination of greying populations, decreasing fertility rates and a marked trend in falling retirement age is profoundly challenging the sharing of resources and supporting responsibilities between generations in the developed world. Previous studies on earlier exit-trends have focused mainly on supply-side incentives and generally conclude that people will exit given available retirement options. Substantial cross-national variations in exit-ages however remain unexplained. This suggests that also normative factors such as attitudes to work and retirement might be of importance. Through multi-level analyses, this study evaluates how welfare regime generosity, as well as production regime coordination explains cross-national patterns of retirement preferences across twelve Western European countries. Analysis firstly shows how both men and women on average prefer to retire at 58 years, meaning on average approximately 7 or 5.5 years before statutory retirement age in the case of men and women respectively. Contrary to what is expected from previous research on supply-side factors, preferences for relatively later retirement is found within more generous welfare regimes and also within more extensively coordinated production regimes. For women, however, institutional effects do not remain once substantial cross-national differences in women’s statutory retirement ages are taken into account