Meta SOS - A Maude Based SOS Meta-Theory Framework

Meta SOS is a software framework designed to integrate the results from the meta-theory of structural operational semantics (SOS). These results include deriving semantic properties of language constructs just by syntactically analyzing their rule-based definition, as well as automatically deriving sound and ground-complete axiomatizations for languages, when considering a notion of behavioural equivalence. This paper describes the Meta SOS framework by blending aspects from the meta-theory of SOS, details on their implementation in Maude, and running examples.Comment: In Proceedings EXPRESS/SOS 2013, arXiv:1307.690

Modelling and Simulation of Asynchronous Real-Time Systems using Timed Rebeca

In this paper we propose an extension of the Rebeca language that can be used to model distributed and asynchronous systems with timing constraints. We provide the formal semantics of the language using Structural Operational Semantics, and show its expressiveness by means of examples. We developed a tool for automated translation from timed Rebeca to the Erlang language, which provides a first implementation of timed Rebeca. We can use the tool to set the parameters of timed Rebeca models, which represent the environment and component variables, and use McErlang to run multiple simulations for different settings. Timed Rebeca restricts the modeller to a pure asynchronous actor-based paradigm, where the structure of the model represents the service oriented architecture, while the computational model matches the network infrastructure. Simulation is shown to be an effective analysis support, specially where model checking faces almost immediate state explosion in an asynchronous setting.Comment: In Proceedings FOCLASA 2011, arXiv:1107.584

An axiomatization of verdict equivalence over regular monitors

Monitors are a key tool in the field of runtime verification, where they are used to check for system properties by analysing execution traces generated by processes. Work on runtime monitoring carried out in a series of papers by Aceto et al. has specified monitors using a variation on the regular fragment of Milner's CCS and studied two trace-based notions of equivalence over monitors, namely verdict and $\omega$-verdict equivalence. This article is devoted to the study of the equational logic of monitors modulo those two notions of equivalence. It presents complete equational axiomatizations of verdict and $\omega$-verdict equivalence for closed and open terms over recursion-free monitors.Comment: Preprint submitted to Journal of logical and algebraic methods in programing 202

On Runtime Enforcement via Suppressions

Runtime enforcement is a dynamic analysis technique that uses monitors to enforce the behaviour specified by some correctness property on an executing system. The enforceability of a logic captures the extent to which the properties expressible via the logic can be enforced at runtime. We study the enforceability of Hennessy-Milner Logic with Recursion (muHML) with respect to suppression enforcement. We develop an operational framework for enforcement which we then use to formalise when a monitor enforces a muHML property. We also show that the safety syntactic fragment of the logic, sHML, is enforceable by providing an automated synthesis function that generates correct suppression monitors from sHML formulas

Skolens tilrettelegging for inkludering og tilpasning for elever med ADHD, som følger ordinær undervisning, i overgangen fra barne- til ungdomsskolen

Sammendrag Dette masterprosjektet har utforsket overgangen til ungdomsskolen for elever med ADHD som følger ordinær undervisning. Formålet med prosjektet har vært å undersøke hva som blir vektlagt i overgangen og hvordan skolene jobber med å legge til rette for å inkludere elever med ADHD i overgangen til ungdomsskolen. For å belyse dette tema, har jeg forsøkt gjennom prosjektet å finne svar på følgende problemstilling: «Hvilke erfaringer har åtte lærere med å tilrettelegge læring og inkludering for elever med ADHD som følger ordinær undervisning i overgangen fra barneskolen til ungdomsskolen» Prosjektet har hatt en kvalitativ tilnærming med en fenomenologisk forståelse hvor formålet med prosjektet var å få en dypere forståelse av avdelingsledernes og lærernes erfaringer med fenomenet. Det har blitt gjennomført intervjuer med én avdelingsleder på barneskolen og én på ungdomsskolen, samt tre barneskolelærere og tre ungdomsskolelærere. Alle deltakerne i prosjektet hadde erfaring med overgangen til ungdomsskolen. Ved å intervjue deltakere fra både barne- og ungdomsskolen ble det lagt grunnlag for å sammenligne ulike rutiner og hva som blir vektlagt for tilrettelegging i overgangen til ungdomsskolen. Gjennom analyse og drøfting har det fremkommet funn som står i motsetning til teorigrunnlaget. Funnene viser mangel på rutiner ved overgangen til ungdomsskolen for denne elevgruppen og informasjonsflyt mellom skolene varierer. Teorigrunnlaget understreker at elever med ADHD har behov for forutsigbarhet, tidlig innsats og god informasjonsflyt mellom skolene. Funnene viser at ungdomsskolen kan ta imot elever med ADHD som følger ordinær undervisning med ingen eller lite informasjon om elevens behov, og at elevenes stemme kommer lite frem. På systemnivå opplever skolens ansatte at med antall elever og skolens ressurser gjør det vanskelig å tilrettelegge overgangen for denne elevgruppen.Abstract This master’s project has explored the transition of pupils with ADHD from primary school to lower secondary school, within the ordinary education system. The purpose of this project has been to examine what the key aspects are during this transition, and in what way the schools facilitate these, to support and include pupils with ADHD in their transition to secondary school. To shed light on this topic, I have attempted through the project to find answers to the following research question: "What experiences do eight teachers have in facilitating learning and inclusion for students with ADHD in ordinary education, during the transition from primary school to lower secondary school?" The project has a qualitative methodology with a phenomenological perspective, where the goal has been to gain a better understanding of both department heads and teachers experiences with this phenomenon. Interviews have been conducted with one head at a primary school and one at a lower secondary school. It also involved interviews of three teachers in a primary school and tree teachers at a lower secondary school. Interviewing teachers from both levels of education enabled this project the ability to compare differences in established routines and what the different schools empathize regarding the pupils’ transition to lower secondary. Through analysis and discussion, findings contrast with the existing theoretical basis. The findings reveal a shortfall in routines when it comes to managing the transition between primary and lower secondary school. There were also variations in information flow between schools. Furthermore, the theoretical basis indicates that predictability, early intervention, and a good communication flow during the transition are crucial key points for pupils with ADHD when moving schools. The findings also indicate that some pupils start at a secondary school, where the schools are provided with almost no information about their needs, and often the pupils perspectives are unheard. Additionally, the findings indicate that at the systemic level, school staff perceive difficulties in accommodating the transition for this group of students due to the number of students and the school's resources

Enzymatic Resolution of \u3b1-Methyleneparaconic Acids and Evaluation of their Biological Activity

Both enantiomers of three biologically relevant paraconic acids\u2014MB-3, methylenolactocin, and C75\u2014were obtained with enantioselectivities up to 99% by kinetic enzymatic resolutions. Good enantiomeric excesses were obtained for MB-3 and methylenolactocin, using \u3b1-chymotrypsin and aminoacylase as enantiocomplementary enzymes, while C75 was resolved with aminoacylase. They all were evaluated for their antiproliferative, antibacterial, and antifungal activities, showing weak effects and practically no difference between enantiomers in each case. At high concentrations (16\u201364 \u3bcg/mL), (\u2013)- C75 acted as an antimicrobial agent against Gram-positive bacteria

On the Axiomatisability of Parallel Composition

This paper studies the existence of finite equational axiomatisations of the interleaving parallel composition operator modulo the behavioural equivalences in van Glabbeek's linear time-branching time spectrum. In the setting of the process algebra BCCSP over a finite set of actions, we provide finite, ground-complete axiomatisations for various simulation and (decorated) trace semantics. We also show that no congruence over BCCSP that includes bisimilarity and is included in possible futures equivalence has a finite, ground-complete axiomatisation; this negative result applies to all the nested trace and nested simulation semantics