4,389 research outputs found
From U-bounds to isoperimetry with applications to H-type groups
In this paper we study applications of U-bounds to coercive and isoperimetric
problems for probability measures on finite and infinite products of H-type
groups.Comment: 40 pages, with addition
Modelling momentum winner/loser asymmetry: the sources of winner and loser returns in the ASX200 and S&P500
Quasi-periodic pulsations in solar and stellar flares: re-evaluating their nature in the context of power-law flare Fourier spectra
The nature of quasi-periodic pulsations in solar and stellar flares remains
debated. Recent work has shown that power-law-like Fourier power spectra, also
referred to as 'red' noise processes, are an intrinsic property of solar and
stellar flare signals, a property that many previous studies of this phenomenon
have not accounted for. Hence a re-evaluation of the existing interpretations
and assumptions regarding QPP is needed. Here we adopt a Bayesian method for
investigating this phenomenon, fully considering the Fourier power law
properties of flare signals. Using data from the PROBA2/LYRA, Fermi/GBM,
Nobeyama Radioheliograph and Yohkoh/HXT instruments, we study a selection of
flares from the literature identified as QPP events. Additionally we examine
optical data from a recent stellar flare that appears to exhibit oscillatory
properties. We find that, for all but one event tested, an explicit oscillation
is not required in order to explain the observations. Instead, the flare
signals are adequately described as a manifestation of a power law in the
Fourier power spectrum, rather than a direct signature of oscillating
components or structures. However, for the flare of 1998 May 8, strong evidence
for the existence of an explicit oscillation with P ~ 14-16 s is found in the
17 GHz radio data and the 13-23 keV Yohkoh HXT data. We conclude that, most
likely, many previously analysed events in the literature may be similarly
described in terms of power laws in the flare Fourier power spectrum, without
the need to invoke a narrowband, oscillatory component. As a result the
prevalence of oscillatory signatures in solar and stellar flares may be less
than previously believed. The physical mechanism behind the appearance of the
observed power laws is discussed.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figures, 1 table. Accepted for publication in The
Astrophysical Journa
Electroshock protection circuit
Circuit was developed to prevent accidental shock through electrodes used to test subjects as part of Skylab program. This circuit is placed between electrical apparatus and electrode that is attached to patient's body. Thus, patient is effectively protected from dangerous electrical shock that might be caused by failure in electrical apparatus
Indirect observation of phase conjugate magnons from non-degenerate four-wave mixing
A phase conjugate mirror utilising four-wave mixing in a magnetic system is
experimentally realised for the first time. Indirect evidence of
continuous-wave phase conjugation has been observed experimentally and is
supported by simulations. The experiment utilizes a pump-probe method to excite
a four-wave mixing process. Two antennae are used to pump a region of a
thin-film yttrium iron garnet waveguide with magnons of frequency to
create a spatio-temporally periodic potential. As the probe magnons of
impinge on the pumped region, a signal with frequency
is observed. The amplitude of the
nonlinear signal was highly dependent on the applied magnetic field . Width
modes of the probe magnons and standing wave modes of the pump magnons were
shown to affect the amplitude of the signal at . Experimental
data is compared with simulations and theory to suggest that
is a phase conjugate of .Comment: 6 pages, 6 figure
Particle systems with a singular mean-field self-excitation. Application to neuronal networks
We discuss the construction and approximation of solutions to a nonlinear
McKean-Vlasov equation driven by a singular self-excitatory interaction of the
mean-field type. Such an equation is intended to describe an infinite
population of neurons which interact with one another. Each time a proportion
of neurons 'spike', the whole network instantaneously receives an excitatory
kick. The instantaneous nature of the excitation makes the system singular and
prevents the application of standard results from the literature. Making use of
the Skorohod M1 topology, we prove that, for the right notion of a 'physical'
solution, the nonlinear equation can be approximated either by a finite
particle system or by a delayed equation. As a by-product, we obtain the
existence of 'synchronized' solutions, for which a macroscopic proportion of
neurons may spike at the same time
A general framework for stochastic traveling waves and patterns, with application to neural field equations
In this paper we present a general framework in which to rigorously study the
effect of spatio-temporal noise on traveling waves and stationary patterns. In
particular the framework can incorporate versions of the stochastic neural
field equation that may exhibit traveling fronts, pulses or stationary
patterns. To do this, we first formulate a local SDE that describes the
position of the stochastic wave up until a discontinuity time, at which point
the position of the wave may jump. We then study the local stability of this
stochastic front, obtaining a result that recovers a well-known deterministic
result in the small-noise limit. We finish with a study of the long-time
behavior of the stochastic wave.Comment: 43 pages, 3 figure
Displaying 3D images: algorithms for single-image random-dot
A new, simple, and symmetric algorithm can be implemented that results in higher levels of detail in solid objects than previously possible with autostereograms. In a stereoscope, an optical instrument similar to binoculars, each eye views a different picture and thereby receives the specific image that would have arisen naturally. An early suggestion for a color stereo computer display involved a rotating filter wheel held in front of the eyes. In contrast, this article describes a method for viewing on paper or on an ordinary computer screen without special equipment, although it is limited to the display of 3D monochromatic objects. (The image can be colored, say, for artistic reasons, but the method we describe does not allow colors to be allocated in a way that corresponds to an arbitrary coloring of the solid object depicted.) The image can easily be constructed by computer from any 3D scene or solid object description
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