Perencanaan Pembangunan Sumber Daya Aparatur melalui Penyusunan Formasi Pegawai Negeri Sipil Daerah di Kabupaten Magetan

Pelaksanaan pembangunan dan penyelenggaraan pelayanan sektor publik yang efektif dan efisien membutuhkan sumber daya aparatur pemerintah yang profesional, memiliki kompetensi dan jumlah yang tepat, namun hal tersebut belum sepenuhnya terwujud. Untuk itu diperlukan perbaikan dalam pengelolaan kepegawaian ke arah yang lebih baik terutama perencanaan untuk formasi pegawai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan: (1) Perencanaan sumber daya aparatur melalui penyusunan formasi Pegawai Negeri Sipil Daerah yang dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Magetan; dan (2) Faktor-faktor yang berkaitan dengan penyusunan formasi Pegawai Negeri Sipil Daerah di Kabupaten Magetan. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, dengan jenis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Perencanaan sumber daya aparatur di Kabupaten Magetan dituangkan dalam Rencana Strategis Badan Kepegawaian Daerah Kabupaten Magetan yang diwujudkan dalam berbagai perencanaan di bidang aparatur antara lain penyusunan formasi Pegawai Negeri Sipil yang pada tahun 2013 menggunakan data analisis jabatan dan analisis beban kerja, namun hasilnya tidak optimal karena data tersebut tidak akurat/valid; (2) faktor-faktor yang berkaitan dan menyebabkan hal tersebut adalah komitmen manajemen, kebijakan pemerintah, sumber daya perencana kepegawaian, sistem informasi sumber daya manusia atau SIMPEG dan anggaran yang belum sesuai dengan yang diharapkan

Pattern and Outcome of Chest Injuries at Bugando Medical Centre in Northwestern Tanzania.

Chest injuries constitute a continuing challenge to the trauma or general surgeon practicing in developing countries. This study was conducted to outline the etiological spectrum, injury patterns and short term outcome of these injuries in our setting. This was a prospective study involving chest injury patients admitted to Bugando Medical Centre over a six-month period from November 2009 to April 2010 inclusive. A total of 150 chest injury patients were studied. Males outnumbered females by a ratio of 3.8:1. Their ages ranged from 1 to 80 years (mean = 32.17 years). The majority of patients (72.7%) sustained blunt injuries. Road traffic crush was the most common cause of injuries affecting 50.7% of patients. Chest wall wounds, hemothorax and rib fractures were the most common type of injuries accounting for 30.0%, 21.3% and 20.7% respectively. Associated injuries were noted in 56.0% of patients and head/neck (33.3%) and musculoskeletal regions (26.7%) were commonly affected. The majority of patients (55.3%) were treated successfully with non-operative approach. Underwater seal drainage was performed in 39 patients (19.3%). One patient (0.7%) underwent thoracotomy due to hemopericardium. Thirty nine patients (26.0%) had complications of which wound sepsis (14.7%) and complications of long bone fractures (12.0%) were the most common complications. The mean LOS was 13.17 days and mortality rate was 3.3%. Using multivariate logistic regression analysis, associated injuries, the type of injury, trauma scores (ISS, RTS and PTS) were found to be significant predictors of the LOS (P < 0.001), whereas mortality was significantly associated with pre-morbid illness, associated injuries, trauma scores (ISS, RTS and PTS), the need for ICU admission and the presence of complications (P < 0.001). Chest injuries resulting from RTCs remain a major public health problem in this part of Tanzania. Urgent preventive measures targeting at reducing the occurrence of RTCs is necessary to reduce the incidence of chest injuries in this region

Analytical solutions of the Bohr Hamiltonian with the Morse potential

Analytical solutions of the Bohr Hamiltonian are obtained in the $\gamma$-unstable case, as well as in an exactly separable rotational case with $\gamma\approx 0$, called the exactly separable Morse (ES-M) solution. Closed expressions for the energy eigenvalues are obtained through the Asymptotic Iteration Method (AIM), the effectiveness of which is demonstrated by solving the relevant Bohr equations for the Davidson and Kratzer potentials. All medium mass and heavy nuclei with known $\beta_1$ and $\gamma_1$ bandheads have been fitted by using the two-parameter $\gamma$-unstable solution for transitional nuclei and the three-parameter ES-M for rotational ones. It is shown that bandheads and energy spacings within the bands are well reproduced for more than 50 nuclei in each case.Comment: 33 pages with 2 Tables and 2 Figure

Normal gas exchange after 30-h ischemia and treatment with phosphodiesterase inhibitor PDI747

Objective: Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) negatively regulate the concentrations of cAMP and/or cGMP, which act as downstream second messengers to the prostaglandins. PDE type-4 (PDE4) is selective for cAMP and is found in high concentrations in endothelial, epithelial, and different blood cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate if PDI747, a novel selective inhibitor of PDE4, can restore pretransplant cAMP levels and thereby posttransplant organ function after prolonged cold ischemia. Methods: Left lung transplantation was performed in pigs (25-31 kg). Donor lungs were flushed with low potassium dextran glucose (LPDG) solution only (control, n=5)or, in addition with 1 μmol of PDI747 (PDI747, n=5) and stored for 30 h at 1 °C. PDI747 animals further received a bolus of PDI747 (0.3 mg/kg) 15 min prior to reperfusion and a continuous infusion (0.3 mg/kg per hour) during the 5 h after reperfusion. After occlusion of the right pulmonary arteries and the right main bronchus, hemodynamic and gas exchange parameters and extravascular lung water (EVLW) levels of the transplanted lung were assessed. Results: Two control animals died of severe lung edema leading to heart failure (control, n=3). One animal in the treatment group was excluded due to a patent ductus arteriosus (PDI747, n=4). Gas exchange at the end of the experiment was restored to normal levels in the PDI747 group (Pa, o2 47.6±11.2 kPa, Pa,co2 6.4±1.8 kPa) but not in the control group (Pa, o2 7.7±2.9 kPa, Pa, co2 11.9±3.0 kPa, PPao2<0.0001, PPa, co2=0.06). Extravascular lung water (EVLW) was normal in the PDI747 group (8.5±1.1 ml/kg) and clearly elevated in the control group (16.2±5.6 ml/kg, P=0.007). Airway pressure in the PDI747 group was significantly lower than in the control group (7.8±0.5 cm H2O vs. 11.3±0.6 cm H2O, respectively, P<0.0001). The free radical mediated tissue injury measured by lipid peroxidation (TBARS) was significantly reduced (P=0.001) in the PDI747 group. Conclusions: With the inhibition of PDE4 with PDI747 we achieved normal gas exchange, no posttransplant lung edema, normal airway pressures, and a reduced free radical injury after 30 h of cold ischemi

Airway complications after lung transplantation: risk factors, prevention and outcome

PURPOSE: Anastomotic complications following lung transplantation (LuTx) have been described in up to 15% of patients. Challenging to treat, they are associated with high morbidity and a mortality rate of 2-5%. The aim of this study was to analyze the incidence of complications in a consecutive series of bronchial anastomosis after LuTx at our center and to delineate the potential risk factors. METHODS: Between 1992 and 2007, 441 bronchial anastomoses were performed in 235 patients. Indications for transplantation were cystic fibrosis (35.7%) emphysema (28.1%) pulmonary fibrosis (12.8%) and pulmonary hypertension (7.7%). There were 206 sequential bilateral and 28 single transplants including lobar engraftments in 20 cases. The donor bronchus was shortened to the plane of the lobar carina including the medial wall of the intermediate bronchus. Peribronchial tissue was left untouched. Anastomosis was carried out using a continuous absorbable running suture (PDS 4/0) at the membranous and interrupted sutures at the cartilaginous part. Six elective surveillance bronchoscopies were done monthly during the first half-year post-LuTx, with detailed assessment of the pre- and post-anastomotic airways. RESULTS: One-year survival since 2000 was 90.5%. In all 441 anastomoses performed, no significant dehiscence was observed. In one patient, a small fistula was detected and closed surgically on postoperative day five. Fungal membranes were found in 50% of the anastomoses at 1 month and in 14% at 6 months. Discrete narrowing of the anastomotic lumen without need for intervention was found in 4.9% of patients at 1 month and in 2.4% at 6 months. Age, cytomegalovirus status, induction therapy, immunosuppressive regimen, ischemic time, and ventilation time had no influence on bronchial healing. CONCLUSIONS: Clinically relevant bronchial anastomotic complications after LuTx can be avoided by use of a simple standardized surgical technique. Aggressive antibiotic and antifungal therapy might play an important supportive rol

VARIATION OF DISTRIBUTION COEFFICIENT OF CAFFEINE BETWEEN WATER AND ETHYL ACETATE/CHLOROFORM MIXTURE DEPENDING ON THE MEDIUM ACIDITY

Kafein, ülkemizde önemli bir tarımsal ürün olan ve büyük miktarlarda üretilen çayın enönemli bileşenidir. Kafein, çok yaygın ve farklı alanlardaki kullanımı nedeniyle büyük ticarideğer taşımaktadır. Bu nedenle, ekonomik üretim proseslerinin geliştirilmesi son dereceönemlidir.Bu çalışmanın amacı, kafeinin su ve etil asetat/kloroform karışımı arasındaki dağılmakatsayılarının pH\'a bağlı olarak değişiminin incelenmesidir. Çalışmada organik çözücükarışımı etil asetat/kloroformun beş farklı oranı kullanılmıştır. Bu oranlar %20, %40, %50,%60 ve %80 kloroform içerecek şekilde seçilmiştir. Ayrıca dağılma katsayısının pH\'yabağımlılığının incelenmesi için denemeler beş farklı pH\'da yapılmıştır. Bu pH değerleri 5.65,5.90, 6.25, 7.10 ve 7.90\'dır. Deneysel çalışmada hazırlanan % 1\'lik (hacimsel) kafeinçözeltisinden belirli miktar alınarak çözücü karışımı ile ekstrakt edilmiş ve iyodometriyöntemiyle kafein analizi yapılmıştır. Yapılan deneysel çalışmalar sonucunda, pH değerininyükselmesiyle dağılma katsayısının arttığı tespit edilmiştir.Caffeine is a main component of tea, which is an important agricultural product in ourcountry. It has a great economical value because of its different and extensive industrialapplications.The aim of this study is to investigate the variation of the distribution coefficients ofcaffeine between water and ethyl acetate/chloroform mixture depending on pH. Ethylacetate/chloroform mixture was used in five different ratios. These ratios were selected as tocontain 20%, 40%, 50%, 60% and 80% chloroform. Also five different pH were selected toinvestigate the distribution coefficient depending on pH. These pH values were 5.65, 5.90,6.25, 7.10 and 7.90.In experimental investigations, 1% aqueous solution of caffeine was used. Caffeinecontent was analysed by means of Iodometry method.It was seen that the distribution coefficient of caffeine between water and solvent mixturewas increased with increasing pH

Investigation of cytotoxic effect of black mulberry (Morus nigra L.) fruit

54-58The aim of this study was to determine the cytotoxic effect of black mulberry fruit extract (Morus nigra L.) on human breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) and prostate cancer (PC3) cell lines. The extract prepared from mulberry (M. nigra) fresh fruit was applied to cancer cell lines in 5 different v/v concentrations (10%, 4%, 2%, 1.33% and 1%) for 72 h. At the end of the incubation period, cell viability was determined by MTT [3- (4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) -2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay. Results were compared with negative and positive control groups. The effect of mulberry (M. nigra) fruit extract on cell viability was determined depending on the concentration applied; extract showed a significant cytotoxic effect on PC3 cell line at the 10% concentration compared to the control group, but not detected any effect at 4%, 2%, 1.33% and 1% concentrations. In the MDA-MB-231 cell line, there was a high cytotoxic effect at a concentration of 10% compared to the control group, while a lower effect was observed at 4%, 2%, 1.33% and 1% concentrations. The data obtained from the study showed that extract prepared from black mulberry fruit has cytotoxic effect especially against breast cancer cells

VARIATION OF DISTRIBUTION COEFFICIENT OF CAFFEINE BETWEEN WATER AND ETHYL ACETATE/CHLOROFORM MIXTURE DEPENDING ON THE MEDIUM ACIDITY

Kafein, ülkemizde önemli bir tarımsal ürün olan ve büyük miktarlarda üretilen çayın enönemli bileşenidir. Kafein, çok yaygın ve farklı alanlardaki kullanımı nedeniyle büyük ticarideğer taşımaktadır. Bu nedenle, ekonomik üretim proseslerinin geliştirilmesi son dereceönemlidir.Bu çalışmanın amacı, kafeinin su ve etil asetat/kloroform karışımı arasındaki dağılmakatsayılarının pH\'a bağlı olarak değişiminin incelenmesidir. Çalışmada organik çözücükarışımı etil asetat/kloroformun beş farklı oranı kullanılmıştır. Bu oranlar %20, %40, %50,%60 ve %80 kloroform içerecek şekilde seçilmiştir. Ayrıca dağılma katsayısının pH\'yabağımlılığının incelenmesi için denemeler beş farklı pH\'da yapılmıştır. Bu pH değerleri 5.65,5.90, 6.25, 7.10 ve 7.90\'dır. Deneysel çalışmada hazırlanan % 1\'lik (hacimsel) kafeinçözeltisinden belirli miktar alınarak çözücü karışımı ile ekstrakt edilmiş ve iyodometriyöntemiyle kafein analizi yapılmıştır. Yapılan deneysel çalışmalar sonucunda, pH değerininyükselmesiyle dağılma katsayısının arttığı tespit edilmiştir.Caffeine is a main component of tea, which is an important agricultural product in ourcountry. It has a great economical value because of its different and extensive industrialapplications.The aim of this study is to investigate the variation of the distribution coefficients ofcaffeine between water and ethyl acetate/chloroform mixture depending on pH. Ethylacetate/chloroform mixture was used in five different ratios. These ratios were selected as tocontain 20%, 40%, 50%, 60% and 80% chloroform. Also five different pH were selected toinvestigate the distribution coefficient depending on pH. These pH values were 5.65, 5.90,6.25, 7.10 and 7.90.In experimental investigations, 1% aqueous solution of caffeine was used. Caffeinecontent was analysed by means of Iodometry method.It was seen that the distribution coefficient of caffeine between water and solvent mixturewas increased with increasing pH