Pengamatan Post-mortem Kualitas Kulit Kambing Di Kota Manado

Kulit ternak merupakan hasil ikutan ternak yang memiliki nilai ekonomis sebagai bahan baku utama berbagai produk industri kulit. Kualitas kuli tsegar dapat mengalami penurunan pada saat ternak masih hidup maupun setelah lepas dari tubuh ternak. Penyembelihan ternak kambing di Kota Manado cukup banyak namun belum memperhatikan kualitas kulitnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa jauh kualitas post-mortem kulit kambing di Kota Manado. Pengambilan data dilakukan di tempat pemotongan hewan pasar bersehati Kota Manado menggunakan metode observasi terhadap beberapa variabel yaitu cacat irisan, cacat penyakit kulit, dan cacat flek darah. Pengambilan sampel melalui purposive sampling serta penyajian data menggunakan statistik deskriptif. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa cacat pada kulit kambing post mortem yang terbanyak adalah cacat irisan dan cacat penyakit kulit (± 60%) dan cacat flek darah paling sedikit (± 13,3%). Cacat yang ditemui terbanyak pada daerah D (daerah badan)

PENGAMATAN POST-MORTEM KUALITAS KULIT KAMBING DI KOTA MANADO

Kulit ternak merupakan hasil ikutan ternak yang memiliki nilai ekonomis sebagai bahan baku utama berbagai produk industri kulit. Kualitas kuli tsegar dapat mengalami penurunan pada saat ternak masih hidup maupun setelah lepas dari tubuh ternak. Penyembelihan ternak kambing di Kota Manado cukup banyak namun belum memperhatikan kualitas kulitnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa jauh kualitas post-mortem kulit kambing di Kota Manado. Pengambilan data dilakukan di tempat pemotongan hewan pasar bersehati Kota Manado menggunakan metode observasi terhadap beberapa variabel yaitu cacat irisan, cacat penyakit kulit, dan cacat flek darah. Pengambilan sampel melalui purposive sampling serta penyajian data menggunakan statistik deskriptif. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa cacat pada kulit kambing post mortem yang terbanyak adalah cacat irisan dan cacat penyakit kulit (± 60%) dan cacat flek darah paling sedikit (± 13,3%). Cacat yang ditemui terbanyak pada daerah D (daerah badan)

Organic Electrochemical Transistors

Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) leverage ion injection from an electrolyte into an organic semiconductor film to yield compelling advances in biological interfacing, printed logic circuitry and neuromorphic devices. Their defining characteristic is the coupling between electronic and ionic charges within the volume of an organic film. In this review we discuss the mechanism of operation and the materials that are being used, overview the various form factors, fabrication technologies and proposed applications, and take a critical look at the future of OECT research and development

Genotypic variation in phosphorus efficiency between wheat cultivars grown under greenhouse and field conditions

Phosphorus (P) efficiency (relative growth), which is described as the ratio of shoot dry matter or grain yield at deficient P supply to that obtained under adequate P supply, was compared in 25 winter wheat cultivars grown under greenhouse and field conditions with low and adequate P levels in a P-deficient calcareous soil. Adequate P supply resulted in significant increases in shoot dry weight and grain yield under both experimental conditions. In the greenhouse experiment, the increases in shoot dry weight under adequate P supply (80 mg kg(-1)) were from 0% (cv: C-1252) to 34% (cv: Dagdas). Under field conditions, the cultivars showed much greater variation in their response to adequate P supply (60 kg ha(-1)): the increases in shoot dry weight and grain yield with adequate P supply were between -2% (cv: Sivas-111/33) and 25% (cv: Kirac-66) for shoot dry matter production at the heading stage and between 0% (cv: Kirkpinar-79) and 76% (cv: Kate A-1) for grain yield at maturity. Almost all cultivars behaved totally different in their response to P deficiency under greenhouse and field conditions. Phosphorus efficiency ratios (relative growth) under greenhouse conditions did not correlate with the P efficiency ratios under field conditions. In general, durum wheat cultivars were found to be more P efficient compared with bread wheat cultivars. The results of this study indicated that there is wide variation in tolerance to P deficiency among wheat cultivars that can be exploited in breeding new wheat cultivars for high P deficiency tolerance. The results also demonstrated that P efficiency was expressed differently among the wheat cultivars when grown under greenhouse and field conditions and, therefore, special attention should be paid to growth conditions in screening wheat for P efficiency

Implementation and comparison of algebraic and machine learning based tensor interpolation methods applied to fiber orientation tensor fields obtained from CT images

Fiber orientation tensors (FOT) are used as a compact form of representing the mechanically important quantity of fiber orientation in fiber reinforced composites. While they can be obtained via image processing methods from micro computed tomography scans (CT), the specimen size needs to be sufficiently small for adequate resolution – especially in the case of carbon fibers. In order to avoid massive workload by scans and image evaluation when determining full-field FOT distributions for a plaque or a part, e.g., for comparison with process simulations, the possibilities of a direct interpolation of a few measured FOT at specific support points were opened in this paper. Hence, three different tensor interpolation methods were implemented and compared qualitatively with the help of visualization through tensor glyphs and quantitatively by calculating originally measured tensors at support points and evaluating the deviations. The methods compared in this work include two algebraic approaches, firstly, a Euclidean component averaging and secondly, a decomposition approach based on separate invariant and quaternion weighting, as well as an artificial intelligence (AI)-based method using an artificial neural network (ANN). While the decomposition method showed the best results visually, quantitatively the component averaging method and the neural network behaved better (that is for the type of quantitative error assessment used in this paper) with mean absolute errors of 0.105 and 0.114 when calculating previously measured tensors and comparing the components. With each method providing different advantages, the use for further application as well as necessary improvement is discussed. The authors would like to highlight the novelty of the methods being used with small and CT-based tensor datasets

Evolutionary game of coalition building under external pressure

We study the fragmentation-coagulation (or merging and splitting) evolutionary control model as introduced recently by one of the authors, where $N$ small players can form coalitions to resist to the pressure exerted by the principal. It is a Markov chain in continuous time and the players have a common reward to optimize. We study the behavior as $N$ grows and show that the problem converges to a (one player) deterministic optimization problem in continuous time, in the infinite dimensional state space

Structural control of mixed ionic and electronic transport in conducting polymers.

UNLABELLED: Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with poly(styrenesulfonate), PEDOT: PSS, has been utilized for over two decades as a stable, solution-processable hole conductor. While its hole transport properties have been the subject of intense investigation, recent work has turned to PEDOT: PSS as a mixed ionic/electronic conductor in applications including bioelectronics, energy storage and management, and soft robotics. Conducting polymers can efficiently transport both holes and ions when sufficiently hydrated, however, little is known about the role of morphology on mixed conduction. Here, we show that bulk ionic and electronic mobilities are simultaneously affected by processing-induced changes in nano- and meso-scale structure in PEDOT: PSS films. We quantify domain composition, and find that domain purification on addition of dispersion co-solvents limits ion mobility, even while electronic conductivity improves. We show that an optimal morphology allows for the balanced ionic and electronic transport that is critical for prototypical mixed conductor devices. These findings may pave the way for the rational design of polymeric materials and processing routes to enhance devices reliant on mixed conduction

Controlling the mode of operation of organic transistors through side-chain engineering

Electrolyte-gated organic transistors offer low bias operation facilitated by direct contact of the transistor channel with an electrolyte. Their operation mode is generally defined by the dimensionality of charge transport, where a field-effect transistor allows for electrostatic charge accumulation at the electrolyte/semiconductor interface, whereas an organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) facilitates penetration of ions into the bulk of the channel, considered a slow process, leading to volumetric doping and electronic transport. Conducting polymer OECTs allow for fast switching and high currents through incorporation of excess, hygroscopic ionic phases, but operate in depletion mode. Here, we show that the use of glycolated side chains on a thiophene backbone can result in accumulation mode OECTs with high currents, transconductance, and sharp subthreshold switching, while maintaining fast switching speeds. Compared with alkylated analogs of the same backbone, the triethylene glycol side chains shift the mode of operation of aqueous electrolyte-gated transistors from interfacial to bulk doping/transport and show complete and reversible electrochromism and high volumetric capacitance at low operating biases. We propose that the glycol side chains facilitate hydration and ion penetration, without compromising electronic mobility, and suggest that this synthetic approach can be used to guide the design of organic mixed conductors

Study of defects produced in tungsten by 800-MeV protons using field-ion microscopy

Defects produced in tungsten by 800 MeV proton bombardment have been studied on the atomic scale with a Field Ion Microscope. The material was subjected to a fluence, as measured by radiochemistry, of 10/sup 22/ pm/sup -2/ (approx. 0.1 displacements per atom) at a temperature of 300K. A vacancy concentration of 10/sup -3/ was observed (calculated thermal equilibrium vacancy concentration is approx. 10/sup -56/ at a calculated temperature of 300K). No vacancies were observed in the unirradiated samples. Since vacancies are essentially immobile (D/sub v/ approx. 10/sup -57/ cm/sup 2//sec) at the irradiation temperature used in this study, it is believed that the observed concentrations are those of the radiation produced vacancies that did not spontaneously recombine. The observed interstitial concentration was lower than the vacancy concentration consistent with a higher diffusion rate for interstitials. Additionally, a depleted zone was observed consisting of approximately 300 vacancies. This void volume lies along a (121) pole and has an elongated shape. It is postulated that this damaged region was caused by a recoiling W atom after it had undergone an internuclear cascade after collision with an incident proton. This type of defect may be the nucleus for subsequent void growth when the irradiation is carried out in the void-growth temperature regime