Μεσαίες πόλεις : προοπτικές ανάπτυξης - διαφανείς τάσεις στο ελληνικό αστικό σύστημα

<p>HR3∶ 16 hours hypoxia followed by 3 hours reoxygenation.</p

Mapping the Distribution of Potential Gradient in Bipolar Electrochemical Systems through Luminol Electrochemiluminescence Imaging

Bipolar electrochemistry has been regarded as a powerful and sustainable electrochemical process for the synthesis of novel functional materials. The appealing features of this electrochemical technology, such as the wireless nature of the bipolar electrode (BPE) and the possibility to drive simultaneously electrochemical reactions on multiple BPEs placed in the same electrochemical cell, together with the possibility to change the shape and positioning of the driving electrodes, give significant freedom to design reaction systems. Nevertheless, the cell geometry dramatically affects the distribution and intensity of the potential gradient generated on the BPE surface and its monitoring is hampered due to the wireless nature of the BPE. In the present study, we propose the use of electrochemiluminescence (ECL) as an electrochemical imaging technique to map the distribution of potential gradient in bipolar electrochemical cells with different geometries. The proposed approach exploits the strong ECL emission of luminol/hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) system generated at the anodic pole of the BPE, when the total applied voltage (Etot) is strong enough to trigger the electrochemical reaction. Since luminol ECL emission is rather intense and relatively stable, the evolution of the potential distribution as a function ofEtotcan be monitored using a digital camera, allowing the elucidation of the potential distribution profile in every bipolar configuration. The suggested approach represents a valuable and reliable method to map the potential gradient in bipolar electrochemical systems and can be readily employed in every type of bipolar configuration

Distribution of neuromuscular junctions in laryngeal and syringeal muscles in vertebrates

Vertebrates are capable of producing a variable sound spectrum. In mammals, lissamphibia, and reptiles, the larynx is the vocal organ responsible for sound production, whereas in birds it is produced by the syrinx, an avian organ located at the base of trachea. The distribution of neuromuscular junctions responsible for the fine control of laryngeal muscle (LM) and syringeal muscle (SM), although studied with some detail in human LM, remains mostly unknown in other vertebrates. In the present study, we analyzed the distribution of motor end plates (MEPs) in LM/SM of different vertebrate classes using the histochemical detection of acetylcholinesterase: the thyroarytenoid and cricoarytenoid LM of mammal (human, rat, and rabbit) and cricoarytenoid LM of nonmammalian (frog and avian) species and the tracheobronchial SM of rooster and pigeon. In humans and frogs/avians, MEPs were distributed diffusely along, respectively, the thyroarytenoid-cricoarytenoid and the cricoarytenoid LM fibers, whereas in rats and rabbits, MEPs were concentrated in a transverse band located in the middle of thyroarytenoid and cricoarytenoid muscle fibers. In roosters and pigeons, MEPs were distributed diffusely along SM fibers. The highly diffuse MEP distribution along human thyroarytenoid and cricoarytenoid fibers indicates that these muscles can markedly change their degree of contraction, which may contribute for the large range of different sounds produced by human vocal folds. The same rationale was applied to discuss the possible functional significance of the morphological distribution of MEPs along the LM/SM of the other vertebrates analyzed

Photodynamic therapy of early stage oral cavity and oropharynx neoplasms: an outcome analysis of 170 patients

The indications of photodynamic therapy (PDT) of oral cavity and oropharynx neoplasms are not well defined. The main reason is that the success rates are not well established. The current paper analyzes our institutional experience of early stage oral cavity and oropharynx neoplasms (Tis-T2) to identify the success rates for each subgroup according to T stage, primary or non-primary treatment and subsites. In total, 170 patients with 226 lesions are treated with PDT. From these lesions, 95 are primary neoplasms, 131 were non-primaries (recurrences and multiple primaries). The overall response rate is 90.7% with a complete response rate of 70.8%. Subgroup analysis identified oral tongue, floor of mouth sites with more favorable outcome. PDT has more favorable results with certain subsites and with previously untreated lesions. However, PDT can find its place for treating lesions in previously treated areas with acceptable results

Negative Pressure Pulmonary Edema after Reversing Rocuronium-Induced Neuromuscular Blockade by Sugammadex

Negative pressure pulmonary edema (NPPE) is a rare complication that accompanies general anesthesia, especially after extubation. We experienced a case of negative pressure pulmonary edema after tracheal extubation following reversal of rocuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade by sugammadex. In this case, the contribution of residual muscular block on the upper airway muscle as well as large inspiratory forces created by the respiratory muscle which has a low response to muscle relaxants, is suspected as the cause

Critical Friendship for Librarians: Striving Together for Scholarly Advancement

Critical friendship is a form of non-hierarchical developmental relationship in which there is no mentor or protégé. In critical friendship, individuals with similar aims and differing experiences and knowledge aid each other in achieving goals by critically observing each other’s performance and progress. Bonded with trust, critical friends serve as sworn friends who strive and struggle side by side and share joy and pain throughout their journey. Originating from within the field of higher education, the critical friendship methodology has primarily been used by educators to improve their teaching skills, but has been found to be a powerful resource for librarians. While the literature on critical friendship demonstrates its effectiveness when applied to educators\u27 pedagogical strategies, it has not been studied as a means to promote scholarly advancement in higher education nor for its positive impact on professional development for librarians. Especially for those who are tenure-track librarians, having a tool to aid with publication, service, and academic contribution for tenure and promotion is incredibly useful. This chapter reports on the action research project conducted by us, two junior faculty librarians at an urban university, who have converted the critical friendship methodology to a framework accessible to non-teaching, tenure-track faculty librarians. For two years, we have implemented a practice of critical friendship as a way to assist each other to survive, strive, and succeed during our long journey to tenure while fostering each other’s advancement as librarians. The authors have found that a diversity of experience aids in the strength of a critical friendship. The expression of unique cultural understandings, in our case our disparate upbringings in Midwest America and Tokyo, Japan, has aided to strengthening and empowering each critical friend. The chapter will not only discuss the definition, the history, the methodology, the benefits, and challenges of critical friendship, but also will provide a summary, an outline, tools, and advice for librarians seeking a new non-hierarchical model of mentorship

Single-Step Screening of the Potential Dependence of Metal Layer Morphologies along Bipolar Electrodes

The preparation of surface gradients is a hot topic in contemporary research. Among various physical chemistry approaches, bipolar electrochemistry allows the control of such gradients through the interfacial polarization between a conducting substrate and an electrolyte solution. Here, we report the straightforward, single‐step generation of metal composition gradients on cylindrical carbon fibers. The screening of different metal deposit morphologies, which evolve gradually along a bipolar electrode, is demonstrated with monometallic layers as well as a bimetallic composite layer based on copper and nickel