Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles (MISEV2023): From basic to advanced approaches

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), through their complex cargo, can reflect the state of their cell of origin and change the functions and phenotypes of other cells. These features indicate strong biomarker and therapeutic potential and have generated broad interest, as evidenced by the steady year-on-year increase in the numbers of scientific publications about EVs. Important advances have been made in EV metrology and in understanding and applying EV biology. However, hurdles remain to realising the potential of EVs in domains ranging from basic biology to clinical applications due to challenges in EV nomenclature, separation from non-vesicular extracellular particles, characterisation and functional studies. To address the challenges and opportunities in this rapidly evolving field, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) updates its 'Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles', which was first published in 2014 and then in 2018 as MISEV2014 and MISEV2018, respectively. The goal of the current document, MISEV2023, is to provide researchers with an updated snapshot of available approaches and their advantages and limitations for production, separation and characterisation of EVs from multiple sources, including cell culture, body fluids and solid tissues. In addition to presenting the latest state of the art in basic principles of EV research, this document also covers advanced techniques and approaches that are currently expanding the boundaries of the field. MISEV2023 also includes new sections on EV release and uptake and a brief discussion of in vivo approaches to study EVs. Compiling feedback from ISEV expert task forces and more than 1000 researchers, this document conveys the current state of EV research to facilitate robust scientific discoveries and move the field forward even more rapidly

It's About Time – Breathing Dynamics Modulate Emotion and Cognition

The common approach to studying the effects of breathing on emotion and cognition is to characterize breathing statically by using the average or instantaneous breathing rate or amplitude. While these measures are useful for measuring breathing activity, they are less useful for capturing intrinsic dynamics of the breathing signal, that is, the patterns of change in its activity over time. The relationship between breathing dynamics and emotion/cognition remains unclear. To fill this knowledge gap, we characterized breathing dynamics by a set of measures which capture the breathing signal’s rate and amplitude central tendency, variability, complexity, entropy, and timescales. Then, we conducted a principal component analysis and demonstrated that these metrics capture similar, yet distinct features of the breathing rate and amplitude time series. Next, we showed that breathing dynamics change across rest and task conditions, suggesting they may predict behavioural states. Finally, using multivariate analyses, we demonstrated that breathing complexity and entropy in the resting state are strongly positively related to anxiety levels while breathing variability in the task state is strongly negatively related to working memory performance. Our results collectively illustrated the distinct roles that breathing dynamics play in shaping cognition and emotion. Our findings suggest that the breathing signal’s intrinsic dynamics are key in linking the different levels of the neurovisceral integration model (body, brain, psyche) – breathing dynamics may provide their “common currency”

Cognition and Neuroscience of Aging (CANAL) Lab

Welcome to the internal site of the CANAL lab! This is the home of our protocols, scripts, data, preregistrations etc. See www.canallab.ca for our formal site

Cognition and Neuroscience of Aging (CANAL) Lab

Welcome to the internal site of the CANAL lab! This is the home of our protocols, scripts, data, preregistrations etc. See www.canallab.ca for our formal site