Здійснення адміністративно-територіальних реформ у місцях компактного проживання німців Криму в 20-30-х роках ХХ ст.

Статтю присвячено вивченню національної політики більшовиків у Криму на прикладі німців. Розкрито історію формування національних районів і селищних рад. Окремо розглянуто проведення більшовиками кадрової політики, динаміку розширення мережі національних сільських рад, проблеми переведення діловодства на німецьку мову. Показано, як сприймали німці національну політику радянської влади.Статья посвящена изучению национальной политики большевиков в Крыму на примере немцев. Раскрыта история формирования национальных районов и сельских советов. Отдельно рассмотрено проведение большевиками кадровой политики, динамику расширения сети национальных сельских советов, проблемы перевода делопроизводства на немецкий язык. Показано, как воспринимали немцы национальную политику советской власти.The article is devoted to the study of the national policy of the Bolsheviks in the Crimea on the example of the Germans. Reveals the history of the formation of national and rural councils. Separately, the Bolsheviks considered the holding of personnel policy, the dynamics of the expanding network of national rural councils, the problems associated with the transfer of proceedings in the German language. We show how Germans perceive the national policy of Soviet power

Interest of the therapeutic education in patients with type 2 diabetes observing the fast of Ramadan

AbstractThe fast of Ramadan is a dilemma for diabetic patients due to the complexity of the management of diabetes during this holy month and the multiple risks they face (hypoglycemia, etc.).ObjectivesEvaluate the impact of a structured protocol of therapeutic education in a sample of type 2 diabetes, who were authorized by their doctors to fast, on metabolic and anthropometric profiles.MethodsThis prospective study was conducted among 54 type 2 diabetic patients (28 men and 26 women) aged 36–65years, recruited from National Nutrition Institute. Patients were divided into two groups: the first group (n=26) received an education session one to two weeks before the month of Ramadan; the second group (n=28) did not have appropriate therapeutic education except therapeutic adjustments. All our diabetic patients benefited from anthropometric measurements, determination of body composition and metabolic assessment (HbA1c, cholesterol, triglycerides, etc.) before and after the month of Ramadan.ResultsThe fast was completed without complications in 25 diabetic patients educated group and 22 control patients.We found that weight loss was greater among educated diabetic patients (−1.05kg) than in controls (−0.58kg), but without statistical significance. Body composition has not undergone significant changes in both diabetic groups.Therapeutic education has led to a decline of 0.27% in HbA1c in the educated group while glycemic control in diabetic patients uneducated remained stable. Furthermore, we observed a better lipid profile in diabetic patients educated than those who did not have education.ConclusionOur results justify the interest of patient education centered on the month of Ramadan in all type 2 diabetic patients observing the fast of the holy month. This education should be continued during Ramadan in order to fulfill this religious rite safely

Nutritional risk factors for postmenopausal osteoporosis

Background: Osteoporosis is a bone disease that combines both a decrease in bone density and its internal architecture changes. Nutrition is one of the major determinants of osteoporosis.Aim: The purpose of our study was to identify nutritional risk factors of osteoporosis of two groups of osteoporotic women and witnesses.Methods: We conducted a comparative cross-sectional study including 60 postmenopausal women and screening for osteoporosis by a bone densitometry, recruited the outpatient service of Rheumatology of the Institute KASSAB.Results: We have identified excessive supply of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in the osteoporotic compared with controls (13.27% vs 10.23%, p= 0.002) and an inadequate intake of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) (12.6% vs 16.16%, p=0.012).A low calcium intake is another factor of risk of osteoporosis (574.27 ± 336.9 mg/day vs 782.45 ± 340.54 mg/day; p= 0.021). This is explained by the low consumption of milk and milk products objectified in the osteoporotic group (p= 0.001). We also found a negative relationship between inadequate intakes of potassium and osteoporosis (2241.55 ±1049.85 mg/day vs 2988.17 ± 1146.52 mg/day; p= 0.011). This may be due to the low consumption in fruit and vegetables, sources of potassium, found in the osteoporotic group (p= 0.003).We found a significant increase in the consumption of the VVPO group in the osteoporotic toward women witness (2.23 ± 0.99 number of times/day vs 1.67 ± 0.76 number of times/day; p= 0.019). A high consumption of coffee appears also as a risk factor since the osteoporotic group consume almost twice than controls (p= 0.002).Conclusion: Nutritional risk factors of osteoporosis are all the most important that they are editable and can take their place in a prevention of public health policy.Keywords: Osteoporosis; Menopause; Risk factors; Nutritio

Evaluation of the morpho-physiological, biochemical and molecular responses of contrasting Medicago truncatula lines under water deficit stress

This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Analysis of Medicago Spp.Medicago truncatula is a forage crop of choice for farmers, and it is a model species for molecular research. The growth and development and subsequent yields are limited by water availability mainly in arid and semi-arid regions. Our study aims to evaluate the morpho-physiological, biochemical and molecular responses to water deficit stress in four lines (TN6.18, JA17, TN1.11 and A10) of M. truncatula. The results showed that the treatment factor explained the majority of the variation for the measured traits. It appeared that the line A10 was the most sensitive and therefore adversely affected by water deficit stress, which reduced its growth and yield parameters, whereas the tolerant line TN6.18 exhibited the highest root biomass production, a significantly higher increase in its total protein and soluble sugar contents, and lower levels of lipid peroxidation with greater cell membrane integrity. The expression analysis of the DREB1B gene using RT-qPCR revealed a tissue-differential expression in the four lines under osmotic stress, with a higher induction rate in roots of TN6.18 and JA17 than in A10 roots, suggesting a key role for DREB1B in water deficit tolerance in M. truncatula.This study was supported by the Tunisian Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research (CBBC02 LR15) and the National Research Foundation of South Africa (GUN 95358) in the framework of the Tunisian-South African Joint Research Collaboration Program (2016–2017).Peer reviewe

Bacteriological and physico-chemical assessment of wastewater in different region of Tunisia: impact on human health

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In many parts of the world, health problems and diseases have often been caused by discharging untreated or inadequately treated wastewater. In this study, we aimed to control physico-chemical parameters in wastewater samples. Also, microbiological analyses were done to reveal <it>Salmonella </it>strains and each <it>Escherichia coli </it>(<it>E.coli</it>) pathotype.</p> <p>Findings</p> <p>Sixty wastewater samples were collected from fifteen different regions of Tunisia. All physico-chemical parameters (pH, residual free chlorine, total suspended solids, biological oxygen demand, and chemical oxygen demand) were evaluated.</p> <p>For microbiological analyses, samples were filtered to concentrate bacteria. DNA was extracted by boiling and subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using different pairs of primers.</p> <p>The mean pH values recorded for the sampling point were above the WHO pH tolerance limit. The total suspended solids (TSS) concentrations varied between 240 mg/L and 733 mg/L in entrance points and between 13 mg/L and 76 mg/L in exit points. In entrance points, the studied wastewater has an average COD concentration that varied between 795 mg/mL to 1420 mg/mL. Whereas, BOD concentration of the wastewater ranged between 270 mg/L to 610 mg/L. In exit points, COD concentration varied between 59 mg/L and 141 mg/L, whereas BOD concentration ranged from 15 mg/L to 87 mg/L.</p> <p>The bacteriological control of wastewaters showed that, in entrance points, <it>Escherichia coli </it>(<it>E.coli</it>) was detected at the rate of 76.6%. Three <it>E.coli </it>pathotypes were found: ETEC (53.3%), EAEC (16.6%) and EIEC (6.6%).</p> <p>Concerning the ETEC isolated strains, 8 of 16 (50%) have only the heat-labile toxin gene, 5 of 16 (31.2%) present only the heat-stable toxin gene and 3 of 16 (18.7%) of strains possess both heat-labile toxin gene and heat-stable toxin gene. In exist point, the same pathotypes were found but all detected ETEC strains present only the "est" gene.</p> <p>Concerning <it>Salmonella </it>isolated strains; percentages of 66.6% and 20% were found in entrance and exit points respectively.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Wastewaters contain a large amount of pathogenic bacteria that present a real impact on human health. Assessment wastewater treatment stations have to consider in account enterobacterial pathogens as potential pathogens that should be correctly controlled.</p

The use of stock dividends and stock splits as earnings management tools in the case of mergers and acquisitions

Ce travail de recherche s'intéresse à l'étude de la gestion des résultats avant les fusions-acquisitions. Nos conclusions empiriques effectuées sur des entreprises françaises apportent des éclairages complémentaires sur cet axe de recherche. Dans un premier temps, nos études ont conduits à présenter les deux modèles les plus efficaces pour mesurer la gestion des résultats avant l'annonce des fusions-acquisitions : le modèle de Kasznik (1999) et le modèle de Kothari et al. (2005). Dans un deuxième temps, nous avons observé une relation positive entre la division d'actions et la gestion des résultats. Deux implications majeures justifient cette dépendance entre les deux variables, d'une part, cette opération sur le capital est considérée comme un outil de gestion des résultats qui permet aux dirigeants des entreprises acheteuses de participer aux opérations de fusions-acquisitions avec le moindre coût. D'autre part, cet outil permet aux entreprises cibles de vérifier la fiabilité des résultats annoncés et de contrôler ainsi de telles manipulations.This research focuses on the study of earnings management before mergers and acquisitions. The empirical conclusions that have been drawn up on French companies provide additional insights into this research axis. Initially, our study resulted in the presentation of the two most effective models to measure the earnings management before the announcement of mergers and acquisitions: the Kasznik model (1999) and the model of Kothari et al. (2005). Secondly, we observed a positive link between the stock splits and the earnings management. Two major implications justify this dependence between the two variables. On the one hand, this capital transaction is considered as a performance management tool that allows managers of purchasing companies to participate in M&A transactions at the lowest cost. On the other hand, this tool allows the target companies to verify the reliability of the announced results and thus to control such manipulations

Élimination du chrome hexavalent des solutions aqueuses par adsorption sur feuilles brutes de Posidonia oceanica (L.) : cinétiques, équilibres et modélisation

Les feuilles du végétal marin Posidonia oceanica (L.) ont été utilisées en tant que nouvel adsorbant biologique pour l’élimination du chrome hexavalent des solutions aqueuses artificiellement contaminées. Les expériences ont été effectuées en batch aussi bien pour les cinétiques que pour les isothermes d’adsorption. Les variables expérimentales étudiées sont le pH, la température, la quantité de biomasse et la concentration initiale de Cr(VI). Le maximum de biosorption a été observé pour un pH = 2. La capacité de biosorption semble être optimisée par une augmentation de la température, de la quantité de biosorbant et de la concentration initiale. La modélisation des données expérimentales a montré que le modèle du pseudo-second ordre décrit les cinétiques d’adsorption d’une façon adéquate. De même, les isothermes d’adsorption sont en accord avec le modèle de Redlich-Peterson et notamment celui de Langmuir. De plus, l’analyse thermodynamique a révélé que le processus d’adsorption étudié est un phénomène favorable, endothermique et spontané