On chip interconnects for multiprocessor turbo decoding architectures

International audienc

Mechanism of action of probiotics

The modern diet doesn't provide the required amount of beneficial bacteria. Maintenance of a proper microbial ecology in the host is the main criteria to be met for a healthy growth. Probiotics are one such alternative that are supplemented to the host where by and large species of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Saccharomyces are considered as main probiotics. The field of probiotics has made stupendous strides though there is no major break through in the identification of their mechanism of action. They exert their activity primarily by strengthening the intestinal barrier and immunomodulation. The main objective of the study was to provide a deep insight into the effect of probiotics against the diseases, their applications and proposed mechanism of action

Gold(I)-Catalyzed Coupling Reactions for the Synthesis of Diverse Small Molecules Using the Build/Couple/Pair Strategy

The build/couple/pair strategy has yielded small molecules with stereochemical and skeletal diversity by using short reaction sequences. Subsequent screening has shown that these compounds can achieve biological tasks considered challenging if not impossible (‘undruggable’) for small molecules. We have developed gold(I)-catalyzed cascade reactions of easily prepared propargyl propiolates as a means to achieve effective intermolecular coupling reactions for this strategy. Sequential alkyne activation of propargyl propiolates by a cationic gold(I) catalyst yields an oxocarbenium ion that we previously showed is trapped by C-based nucleophiles at an extrannular site to yield α-pyrones. Here, we report O-based nucleophiles react by ring opening to afford a novel polyfunctional product. In addition, by coupling suitable building blocks, we subsequently performed intramolecular pairing reactions that yield diverse and complex skeletons. These pairing reactions include one based on a novel aza-Wittig-6π-electrocyclization sequence and others based on ring-closing metathesis reactions.Chemistry and Chemical Biolog

A prototype implementation of vpn enabling user-based multiple association

In our previous work, we have proposed a new VPN architecture for enabling user-based multiply associated VPNs. In this paper, we implement a prototype system of a VPN that enables users to be associated with multiple VPNs using existing network technologies for demonstrating the feasibility of our architecture and for clarifying the service image of a multiple association service. Our prototype system enables hosts to be simultaneously associated with multiple VPNs where each VPN is constructed using existing VLAN technology. KEY WORDS VPN(Virtual Private Network), prototype implementation, VLAN(Virtual Local AreaNetwork), multiple association, access control

Lower bounds for embedding into distributions over excluded minor graph families

It was shown recently by Fakcharoenphol et al. [9] that arbitrary finite metrics can be embedded into distributions over tree metrics with distortion O(log n). It is also known that this bound is tight since there are expander graphs which cannot be embedded into distributions over trees with better than Ω(log n) distortion. We show that this same lower bound holds for embeddings into distributions over any minor excluded family. Given a family of graphs F which excludes minor M where |M | = k, we explicitly construct a family of graphs with treewidth-(k + 1) which cannot be embedded into a distribution over F with better than Ω(log n) distortion. Thus, while these minor excluded families of graphs are more expressive than trees, they do not provide asymptotically better approximations in general. An important corollary of this is that graphs of treewidth-k cannot be embedded into distributions over graphs of treewidth-(k−3) with distortion less than Ω(log n). We also extend a result of Alon et al. [1] by showing that for any k, planar graphs cannot be embedded into distributions over treewidth-k graphs with better than Ω(log n) distortion.

Online Cooperative Cost Sharing

The problem of sharing the cost of a common infrastructure among a set of strategic and cooperating players has been the subject of intensive research in recent years. However, most of these studies consider cooperative cost sharing games in an offline setting, i.e., the mechanism knows all players and their respective input data in advance. In this paper, we consider cooperative cost sharing games in an online setting: Upon the arrival of a new player, the mechanism has to take instantaneous and irreversible decisions without any knowledge about players that arrive in the future. We propose an online model for general demand cost sharing games and give a perfect characterization of both weakly group-strategyproof and group-strategyproof online cost sharing mechanisms for this model. Moreover, we present a simple method to derive incremental online cost sharing mechanisms from online algorithms such that the competitive ratio is preserved. Based on our general results, we develop online cost sharing mechanisms for several binary demand and general demand cost sharing games

Sugar-protein connectivity impacts on the immunogenicity of site-selective salmonella O-antigen glycoconjugate vaccines

A series of glycoconjugates with defined connectivity were synthesized to investigate the impact of coupling Salmonella typhimurium O-antigen to different amino acids of CRM197 protein carrier. In particular, two novel methods for site-selective glycan conjugation were developed to obtain conjugates with single attachment site on the protein, based on chemical modification of a disulfide bond and pH-controlled transglutaminase-catalyzed modification of lysine, respectively. Importantly, conjugation at the C186-201 bond resulted in significantly higher anti O-antigen bactericidal antibody titers than coupling to K37/39, and in comparable titers to conjugates bearing a larger number of saccharides. This study demonstrates that the conjugation site plays a role in determining the immunogenicity in mice and one single attachment point may be sufficient to induce high levels of bactericidal antibodies