Desflurane Selectively Suppresses Long-latency Cortical Neuronal Response to Flash in the Rat

Background—The effect of inhalational anesthetics on sensory-evoked unit activity in the cerebral cortex has been controversial. Desflurane has desirable properties for in vivo neurophysiologic studies but its effect on cortical neuronal activity and neuronal responsiveness is not known. We studied the effect of desflurane on resting and visual evoked unit activity in rat visual cortex in vivo. Methods—Desflurane was administered to adult albino rats at steady-state concentrations at 2%, 4%, 6% and 8%. Flashes from a light emitting diode were delivered to the left eye at 5-second intervals. Extracellular unit activity within the right visual cortex was recorded using a 49-electrode array. Individual units were identified using principal components analysis. Results—At 2% desflurane 578 active units were found. Of these, 75% increased their firing rate in response to flash. Most responses contained early (0–100ms) and late (150–1000ms) components. With increasing desflurane concentration, the number of units active at baseline decreased (−13%), the number of early responding units increased (+31%), and number of late responding units decreased (−15%). Simultaneously, baseline firing rate decreased (−77%), the early response was unchanged, and the late response decreased (−60%). Conclusions—The results indicate that visual cortex neurons remain responsive to flash stimulation under desflurane anesthesia but the long-latency component of their response is attenuated in a concentration-dependent manner. Suppression of the long-latency response may be related to a loss of cortico-cortical feedback and loss of consciousness

Pemanfaatan Limbah Fly Ash untuk Penanganan Limbah Cair Amonia

Komposit abu terbang/TiO2 berhasil dibuat menggunakan TiO2 P25, abu terbang dari PT Pupuk Kaltim, dan surfaktan kationik hexadecyltrimethylamonium bromide (HTAB). Komposit dikarakterisasi Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (SEM-EDX) serta diuji coba untuk mendegradasi amonia dalam fotoreaktor. Perbandingan massa abu terbang dan TiO2 yang optimum adalah 2:1 (1 g/250 mL limbah cair amonia) dan dapat mengeliminasi amonia cair sebesar 79 % dalam 180 menit. pH optimum untuk mendegradasi amonia adalah pH 11. Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa abu terbang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk mendegradasi amonia cair di lingkungan dengan bantuan fotokatalis TiO2. Pada penelitian ini juga dibahas kinetika reaksi degradasi amonia yang mengikuti model kinetika Langmuir-Hinshelwood

Burn Area Processing to Generate False Alarm Data for Hotspot Prediction Models

Developing hotspot prediction models using decision tree algorithms require target classes to which objects in a dataset are classified.  In modeling hotspots occurrence, target classes are the true class representing hotspots occurrence and the false class indicating non hotspots occurrence.  This paper presents the results of satellite image processing in order to determine the radius of a hotspot such that random points are generated outside a hotspot buffer as false alarm data.  Clustering and majority filtering were performed on the Landsat TM image to extract burn scars in the study area i.e. Rokan Hilir, Riau Province Indonesia.  Calculation on burn areas and FIRMS MODIS fire/hotspots in 2006 results the radius of a hotspot 0.90737 km.  Therefore, non-hotspots were randomly generated in areas that are located 0.90737 km away from a hotspot. Three decision tree algorithms i.e. ID3, C4.5 and extended spatial ID3 have been applied on a dataset containing 235 objects that have the true class and 326 objects that have the false class. The results are decision trees for modeling hotspots occurrence which have the accuracy of 49.02% for the ID3 decision tree, 65.24% for the C4.5 decision tree, and 71.66% for the extended spatial ID3 decision tree

Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan Ibu Tentang Demam dengan Penanganan Demam pada Bayi 0-12 Bulan di Desa Datarajan Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Ngarip Kabupaten Tanggamus Tahun 2018

Tidak ditangani maka dapat mengakibatkan kerusakan rangkaian khususnya sistem saraf pusat dan otot, sehingga mengakibatkan kematian. Penanganan pertama demam dapat berupa terapi farmakologi dan terapi non farmakologi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan tingkat pengetahuan ibu tentang demam dengan penanganan demam pada bayi 0-12 bulan di Datarajan Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Ngarip Kabupaten Tanggamus tahun 2018.Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross sectional. Waktu pelaksanaannya pada tanggal 11 – 13 Februari 2018 tempatnya di DesaDatarajan Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Ngarip Kabupaten Tanggamus. Populasi yaitu ibu yang memiliki bayi 0-12 bulan berjumlah 60 orang. Pengambilan sampel dengan menggunakan total population dengan jumlah 60 ibu.Hasil analisis menunjukan ada hubungan tingkat pengetahuan ibu tentang demam dengan penanganan demam dengan P-value 0,000 (<0.05) dengan odds Ratio sebesar 25.375 (6.357-101.287). Diharapkan hasil penelitian ini dapat menambah pengetahuan bagi ibu dengan pengetahuan kurang baik. Ibu dapat mengikuti sosialisasi kesehatan. Sehingga ibu dapat melakukan penanganan demam yang baik didorong dengan adanya informasi kesehatan baik dari tenaga kesehatan ataupun orang tua dan saudara ibu dalam penanganan demam

A Decision Tree Based on Spatial Relationships for Predicting Hotspots in Peatlands

Predicting hotspot occurrence as an indicator of forest and land fires is essential in developing an early warning system for fire prevention.  This work applied a spatial decision tree algorithm on spatial data of forest fires. The algorithm is the improvement of the conventional decision tree algorithm in which the distance and topological relationships are included to grow up spatial decision trees. Spatial data consist of a target layer and ten explanatory layers representing physical, weather, socio-economic and peatland characteristics in the study area Rokan Hilir District, Indonesia. Target objects are hotspots of 2008 and non-hotspot points.  The result is a pruned spatial decision tree with 122 leaves and the accuracy of 71.66%.  The spatial tree has produces higher accuracy than the non-spatial trees that were created using the ID3 and C4.5 algorithm. The ID3 decision tree has accuracy of 49.02% while the accuracy of C4.5 decision tree reaches 65.24%

Pengaruh Pupuk Majemuk NPK + Zn terhadap Pertumbuhan, Produksi dan Serapan Zn Padi Sawah di Vertisol, Sragen

Vertisol is a soil that has neutral to slightly alkaline pH. Zinc availability decreases with increasing pH. The existence of symptoms micronutrients scarcity, especially zinc, also caused by the use of highly yielding seeds with unbalanced fertilization. In addition, Zn uptake by plants is sustainability process which resulted in a decrease in nutrient levels of Zn in the root zone. The aim of the research was to determine the optimum Zn formula that can be added to the NPK compound fertilizer and to determine the effectiveness of the fertilizer on the growth and yield of rice. The experiment was arranged by completely randomized block design with 10 treatments and 3 replicates of each treatment. NPK compound fertilizer dose was given 300kg / ha. The result of this study showed that the compound fertilizer NPK + Zn had no effect on plant height, number of tillers and weight of the plant. The additional dose compound of 2% Zn to the dose of compound fertilizer NPK + Zn did not increase the yield. There was a tendency NPK treatment +0.75% Zn deliver the highest results. NPK compound fertilizer application + Zn significantly increased the uptake of Zn

Efektifitas Pemberdayaan Kelompok Ibu Rumah Tangga Dalam Peningkatan Pengetahuan, Sikap Dan Praktek Pemberantasan Demam Berdarah Dengue Di Kelurahan Adiarsa Barat Kabupaten Karawang Provinsi Jawa Barat

. Adiarsa Barat village is one of endemic area of the Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF) in Karawang. That village had not touched by community empowerment yet. The purpose of this research was to knoweffectiveness of housewives empowerment for eradication of DHF with breeding site control. This research was an experimental quation, with intervention in one location and control in other. The final result was hoped that the respondents would increase of knowledge, attitude and practice. The data of housewife behaviour was collected by intervew. This research found that there was the increase of housewife's group behaviour, followed by the increase of housewifes behaviour at intervention area with P value &lt; 0,05. Although housewifes behaviour at control area hasn't increase with P value&gt; 0,05. This reaserch suggested that people participation needed to be identified first then monitored periodically, so that their behaviour to eradicate DHF disease would be a habit or permanent

Model Simulasi Dan Visualisasi Prediksi Potensi Hasil Dan Produksi Kedelai Di Jawa Timur

The prediction of national soybean yield and production could be improved its accuracy by integrating a simulation model and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The objective of this research was to integrate a simulation model with a GIS, to predict the potential yield and production of soybean in the soybean production centers of East Java. This study was conducted from December 2013 till May 2014. The approach used in this study was a systems approach using a simulation model as solution to the problem. The model is SUCROS.SIM (Simple Universal Crops Growth Simulator), which was written using Powersim software and Spreadsheet in order to be fully integrated with GIS. The initial phase of the integration process between SUCROS.SIM and GIS are as follows (a) model validation, using input data of soybean plant assimilate partitioning, (b) climatic data (solar radiation, maximum and minimum temperatures) collected from the climatological station (BMKG) Karangploso Malang and (c) observation data of soybean yields of two varieties (Wilis and Argomulyo) at Muneng Experiment Station. It was found that the coefficients of determination of simulation model of soybean yield potential (R2) range from 0.945-0.992 and RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) values range from 0.11 to 0.25 t/ha. The average of soybean yield potential and production in 2012 at soybean production centers of East Java were 1.94 t/ha and 293,459 ton, respectively. The conclusion is SUCROS.SIM valid to be integrated with GIS