LAPORAN KEGIATAN INDIVIDU PRAKTEK PENGALAMAN KERJA (PPL) UNY SEMESTER KHUSUS 2013/2014 LOKASI BALAI PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA RADIO PENDIDIKAN DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA

Praktik Pengalaman Lapangan (PPL) adalah praktek pengalaman lapangan. PPL adalah Puncak dari semua aktifitas perkuliahan teori selama berkuliah. Kegiatan PPL sendiri merupakan kegiatan praktek ilmu di bidang Teknologi Pendidikan. Sebelum pelaksanaan kegiatan PPL terlebih dahulu diadakan kegiatan observasi ke Balai Pengembangan Media Radio Pendidikan (BPMRP). Dan hasil observasi tersebut selanjutnya dijadikan sebagai acuan dalam membuat program kerja kelompok maupun individu yang rencananya dilaksanakan dalam 2,5 bulan. Dengan pelaksanaan program PPL ini praktikan memperoleh banyak pengalaman yang dapat dijadikan bekal kelak ketika sudah benar-benar terjun dalam dunia kerja. Adapun program kerja PPL yang telah terbentuk meliputi program fisik, non fisik, serta program tambahan. Program fisik yaitu pembuatan cover dan label CD bahtera, splash, cerdiktera dan cover cd rekaman kelompok dan juga pembuatan modul untuk pelatihan editing audio menggunakan adobe audition, Sedangkan program non fisik berupa Seminar, Evaluasi Model, dan Produksi Audio. Serta program tambahan meliputi petugas upacara 17 Agusutus. Sedangkan program individu yang telah dirancang adalah i) Evaluasi Media Audio Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini (MAPAUD), ii) Membuat naskah audio tentang Asal-Usul dan Ensiklopedia Populer. Program isidental yang ditelah dilaksanakan yaitu i) Audisi Rekaman Audio, ii) Syawalan, dan iii) Packing CD Bahtera, splash, dan cerdiktera. Penutupan PPL menjadi program tambahan untuk PPL BPMRP tahun 2014 ini. Berdasarkan pada persiapan program, pelaksanaan dan analisis hasil pelaksanaan program kerja kelompok yang sudah dijalankan oleh Tim PPL di BPMRP telah mencapai target yang direncanakan pada matriks dan pelaksanaan kegiatan tersebut memiliki kebermanfaatan bagi lembaga baik untuk pemberdayaan karyawan maupun kemajuan lembaga serta bermanfaat pula untuk menambah wawasan, ketrampilan, dan keahlian mahasiswa terkait dengan kepelatihan diklat

Protein Expression Er (Estrogen Receptor) in Breast Cancer Degree of Malignancy Mild, Moderate, and Severe

Introduction: Mammary carcinoma is the most common Malignancy and main mortality cause in women. Hormonal status (ER and PR expression) was long used as patient suitability for hormonal therapy. However, lately there have been many patients with ER and PR negative. This study wanted to prove the relevance of protein expression of ER (estrogen receptor) with the histopathological degree of Malignancy of breast invasive ductal cancer and the prognosis of breast cancer with ER protein expression of positive and negative. Method: In this retrospective and cross sectional analytical study retrieved data about hormonal status (ER expression) and histopathological grading of infiltrating ductal carcinoma patients. This study consisted of 201 patients with mammary carcinoma who referred to medical records Department Pathology Anatomic of Faculty Medicine Airlangga University/Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya on 1 January 2010–31 December 2010 and their medical record suitable with inclusion criterias. The data was categorized into several groups based on the ER expression result. Results: Most of the sample was in 41–50 year age group (37.31%), and 54,7% of them were in poor expression. The relationship of estrogen receptor (ER) with the degree of histopathology infiltrating ductal carcinoma patients, obtained p-value = 0.001 (p < 0.5) and the 2 × 2 table is only moderate and severe degrees compared with the results of ER expression results obtained p = 0.001 (p < 0.5) and odds ratio of 0.362 (CI: 0194-0675). Discussion: This study found significant correlation between ER expression with histopathological grading of infiltrating ductal carcinoma patients

PROTEIN EXPRESSION ER (ESTROGEN RECEPTOR) IN BREAST CANCER DEGREE OF MALIGNANCY MILD, MODERATE, AND SEVERE

Introduction: Mammary carcinoma is the most common malignancy and main mortality cause in women. Hormonal status (ER and PR expression) was long used as patient suitability for hormonal therapy. However, lately there have been many patients with ER and PR negative. This study wanted to prove the relevance of protein expression of ER (estrogen receptor) with the histopathological degree of malignancy of breast invasive ductal cancer and the prognosis of breast cancer with ER protein expression of positive and negative. Method: In this retrospective and cross sectional analytical study retrieved data about hormonal status (ER expression) and histopathological grading of infiltrating ductal carcinoma patients. This study consisted of 201 patients with mammary carcinoma who referred to medical records Department Pathology Anatomic of Faculty Medicine Airlangga University/Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya on 1 January 2010–31 December 2010 and their medical record suitable with inclusion criterias. The data was categorized into several groups based on the ER expression result. Results: Most of the sample was in 41–50 year age group (37.31%), and 54,7% of them were in poor expression. The relationship of estrogen receptor (ER) with the degree of histopathology infiltrating ductal carcinoma patients, obtained p-value = 0.001 (p < 0.5) and the 2 × 2 table is only moderate and severe degrees compared with the results of ER expression results obtained p = 0.001 (p < 0.5) and odds ratio of 0.362 (CI: 0194-0675). Discussion: This study found significant correlation between ER expression with histopathological grading of infiltrating ductal carcinoma patients

Evaluasi Pemanfaatan Ruang Tahun 2013-2014 Terhadap Rencana Detil Tata Ruang (Rdtr) Kecamatan Jogonalan Tahun 2013-2018

Jogonalan sub-districts of Klaten district is an area of study in this research . The purpose of this study were ( 1 ) Evaluate the suitability of the use of space in 2013-2014 to the Detailed Spatial Plan for the year 2013-2018 the District Jogonalan ( 2 ) Evaluate the types of irregularities utilization of space in 2013-2014 to the Detailed Spatial Plan for the year 2013-2018 the District Jogonalan. The method used in this study are ( 1 ) test the accuracy of the map data to field checks (survey ) that checks the field is done to match the map data space utilization latest available with the real situation in the field along with documentation shape the utilization of space in the field, so it can be used to test accuracy / precision in 2014 ( 2 ) analysis of secondary data from relevant agencies using overlay analysis with the help of Geographic Information System ( GIS ) to determine the suitability of space utilization and the type of spatial irregularities done. Results from this study is the use of space Conformity District of Jogonalan appropriate classification level which is the largest village in the village Dompyongan dominated by 92.51% or 171.57 ha of area 185.45Ha, the classification is not appropriate in the village Plawikan in the amount of 40.28 hectares or 29.84% of the total 135.01 ha and the classification is not appropriate in the village of 9.75Ha Granting that is equal to or 8:52% of the total 114.41 ha. The deviation types of spatial shown with a plan for food crops but the use of space in 2014, namely residential area of 15.71Ha or 21.75% are in the village kraguman, karangdukuh Village, Village Joton, Bakung village, Gondangan Village, and Village Sumyang. The smallest deviation types shown with a plan to train border but the use of space in 2014 tomb of 0.01ha or a 0.01% found in the village of Pakahan and the smallest deviation is indicated by the type of plan SUTT border but the use of space in 2014 tomb of 0.01ha or a 0.01% contained Village Rejoso

MODEL KERUANGAN UNTUK IDENTIFIKASI KAWASAN RAWAN LONGSOR

This study aims to develop a spatial model based on Geographic Information System (GIS) that can be used to identify landslide prone areas. The model uses map overlay and tabular weighted methods involving seven variables, i.e. slope, geological condition, rainfall, soil water, water infiltration, earthquake zone, and land cover. Output of the model are classified into three categories: very vulnerable, somewhat vulnerable and safe. To ensure that the model can work well, it is applied in Semarang City due to the consideration that it has various topographical conditions, i.e. flat on the North side and hilly on the South side. Besides, the high population density has been increasing population activities, which in turn increses environmental vulnerability. To validate the model, its output is compared with the real situation on the field using some sample points.The result has shown that the model can work well, with a validity of approximately 92.5%. The output map shows that the very prone landslide area of Semarang City is about 306.82 hectare or 1% of the city’s area. Furthermore, the model is supposed to be aplicable in other areas having the same characteristics as Semarang City

Ekspresi protein er (estrogen receptor) pada kanker payudara derajat keganasan baik, sedang dan buruk (protein expression er (estrogen receptor) in breast cancer degree of malignancy low, moderate, severe)

Introduction: Mammary carcinoma is the most common malignancy and main mortality cause in woman. Hormonal status (ER and PR expression) was long used as patient suitability for hormonal therapy. But lately there are many patients with ER and PR negative. Pada kesempatan ini, peneliti ingin membuktikan relevansi ekspresi protein ER (estrogen receptor) dengan derajat keganasan histopatologik kanker duktal invasif payudara dan prognosisnya antara kanker payudara dengan ekspresi protein ER positif dan negatif. Method: In this retrospective and cross sectional analitical study, we retrieved data about hormonal status (ER expression) and histopathological grading of infiltrating ductal carcinoma patients. This study consisted of 201 patients with mammary carcinoma who referred to medical records Department Pathology Anatomic of Faculty Medicine Airlangga University / Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya on 1 January 2010-31 December 2010 and their medical record suitable with inclusion criterias. The data was catagorized in several groups based on ER expression result. Results: Most of the sample was in 41-50 years age group (37,31%), and 54,7% of them were in poor expression. The relationship of estrogen receptor (ER) with the degree of histopathology infiltrating ductal carcinoma patients, obtained p-value = 0.001 (p <0.5) and the 2x2 table is only moderate and severe degrees compared with the results of ER expression results obtained p = 0.001 (p <0.5) and Odds ratio of 0.362 (CI: 0194-0675). Discussion: This study found significant correlation between ER expression with histopathological grading of infiltrating ductal carcinoma patients

Cell surface her2/neu oncoprotein expression in breast ductal carcinoma

Breast cancer is a malignant tumor mostly disclosed in women. It has heterogeneous biological behavior - so that the knowledge of tumor markers is very important to determine its prognosis and therapy. Up to now, the determination of prognosis and treatment of choice is still based on clinical and morphologic finding although recent studies pointed out that there was tight relationship between carcinoma growth and molecular abnormalities including normal cell gene consisting of proto-oncogene, tumor suppressor gene, programmed cell death and DNA repair gene. Therefore, the description of molecular changes is required - in determining the prognosis and therapy of breast cancer. Molecular pathologic approach may offer a prospective promise even though the genetic mechanism of molecular carcinogenesis of breast cancer is still unclear. In this study, immunopathologic investigation was carried out by using immunohistochemical method, with antibody monoclonal against protein HER2/neu. Based on multivariate test of Wilks' Lambda method, protein expression of HER2/neu was concomitantly different in various tumor diameters of breast cancer (p = 0.000 < a = 0.05). With method of Wilks' Lambda method, protein expression HER2/neu was simultaneously different in various carcinoma cell differentiation of breast cancer (p = 0,000 < a = 0.05) and with Wilks' Lambda method, protein expression HER2/neu, was concomitantly different in various progressiveness of ductal carcinoma growth (p= 0,000 < a = 0.05). Also with Wilks' Lambda method, protein expression HER2/neu was concomitantly different in various grade of ductal carcinoma (p = 0.000 < a = 0.05). It showed that cancer of the breast occurred in genetic lesion

The Effectiveness of GABA Agonist in Decreasing Expression of NR2B Subunit of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) Receptor in Neuropathic Mice by Partial Sciatic Nerve Ligation (PSNL) Method

Neuropathy pain is a pain that caused by nerves injury. Nowadays, treatment for neuropathic pain change to drugs that works as GABA agonist and cause reimbalance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitter in central nervous system (CNS). The present study was designed to investigate the effectiveness of gabapentin and baclofen in decreasing N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) receptor NR2B subunit activity in neuropathic pain. Fourty mice were divided into 8 groups i.e sham, negative control, gabapentin (10, 30, 100 nmol) and baclofen (1, 10, 30 nmol). Neuropathic pain was induced by ligation of sciatic nerve with Partial Sciatic Nerve Ligation (PSNL) method). Treatments were administrated intrathecally once a day for seven consecutive days, at a week after induction. On day 15th, mice were sacrified and the spinal cord were removed quickly. The expression of NMDA receptor NR2B subunit were examined with imunohistochemistry and data were analyzed by one way anova. The result from this research was gabapentin and baclofen administration significantly decrease expression of NMDA receptor NR2B subunit in mice compared to sham group. The higher the dose, the more effective to decrease the number of neuron that express NR2B. The conclusion of this research was gabapentin and baclofen treat neuropatic pain by decreased the number of NMDA receptor NR2B subunit.Nyeri neuropati merupakan nyeri yang disebabkan oleh trauma atau cedera pada saraf. Saat ini, terapi untuk mengatasi nyeri neuropati beralih pada agonis GABA yang menyebabkan kembalinya keseimbangan antara neurotransmitter eksitatori dan inhibitori di sistem saraf pusat (SSP). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan efektivitas dari gabapentin dan baclofen dalam menurunkan ekspresi dari reseptor N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) subunit NR2B pada nyeri neuropati. Empat puluh mencit dibagi kedalam 8 kelompok yaitu: sham, kontrol negatif, gabapentin (10, 30, 100 nmol) dan baclofen (1, 10, 30 nmol). Nyeri neuropati diinduksi dengan ligasi pada saraf sciatic dengan metode Partial Sciatic Nerve Ligation (PSNL). Senyawa uji diberikan setiap hari selama tujuh hari, satu minggu setelah induksi. Pada hari ke-15, mencit dikorbankan dan diambil bagian spinal cord. Ekspresi reseptor NMDA subunit NR2B diamati dengan imunohistokimia dan data dianalisis menggunakan anova satu arah. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan gabapentin dan baclofen menurunkan ekspresi reseptor NMDA subunit NR2B (dose dependent) dibandingkan kelompok sham. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini bahwa gabapentin dan baclofen dapat mengatasi nyeri neuropati melalui penurunan aktivitas reseptor NMDA subunit NR2B

Clinicopathological profile of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder: A five-year retrospective study

Background and Objectives. Urothelial carcinoma of the bladder is more common than urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract. Carcinoma of the bladder is the tenth most common cancer in the world, with 570,000 new cases and 213,000 deaths annually. Men are significantly more likely than women to develop bladder cancer, with an incidence of 9.5 per 100,000 and a mortality of 3.3 per 100,000, which are rates approximately four times those seen among women globally. Clinicopathological profiling is highly significant in bladder carcinoma because the majority of specimens are received through TURBT. Materials and Methods. This observational descriptive study takes a retrospective approach. The population of this study consists of paraffin blocks obtained from biopsy, transurethral resection of bladder tumor, and cystectomy that were used to diagnose urothelial carcinoma of the bladder through histopathological analysis in the “Dr. Soetomo” General Academic Hospital between January 2018 and December 2022. The demographic and histopathological data were taken from the patients’ medical records. Results. The majority of patients were men (88%). The average age of the patients was 58.65 years, with a range of 21–80 years and peak incidence occurring at 51–60 years (39%). The procedure most frequently employed was TURBT (68.48%), and squamous differentiation was the most frequent histologic finding (87.5%). The most common type of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder found on urine cytopathology examination was negative for high-grade urothelial carcinoma (81%). Conclusions. The clinicopathological profile is very important in determining the prognostic factor in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. Most patients herein were men in the age group of 51–60 years. The procedure most frequently employed was TURBT. Most tumors comprised urothelial carcinoma with squamous differentiation, and the majority was negative for high-grade urothelial carcinoma on urine cytopathological examination