KONSTRUKSI PEMBERITAAN GERAKAN AHMADIYAH DI MEDIA INTERNET (Studi Analisis Framing tentang Pemberitaan Gerakan Ahmadiyah di Republika Online dan Tempointeraktif.com Periode Februari-Maret 2011)

ILLI APRILIYADI, L100070128, KONSTRUKSI PEMBERITAAN GERAKAN AHMADIYAH DI MEDIA INTERNET (Studi Analisis Framing Tentang Pemberitaan Gerakan Ahmadiyah di Republika Online dan Tempointeraktif.com Periode Februari-Maret 2011. Skripsi Prodi Ilmu Komunikasi. Fakultas Komunikasi Dan Informatika. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. 2012. Keanekaragaman suku, agama dan budaya di Indonesia merupakan sebuah fenomena yang menarik. Di negeri yang kaya akan pulau ini berkembang berbagai agama. Salah satunya adalah agama Islam yang menjadi agama mayoritas penduduk Indonesia. Keberadaan gerakan Ahmadiyah yang merupakan salah satu aliran Islam yang dianggap menyimpang mendapat perhatian dari berbagai kalangan termasuk media. Keberadaan Ahmadiyah banyak diberitakan di sejumlah media termasuk media internet Republika Online dan Tempointeraktif.com. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana Republika Online dan Tempointeraktif.com dalam memaknai, menyikapi dan membingkai berita tentang Ahmadiyah serta untuk mengetahui bagaimana posisi kedua media tersebut dalam mengkonstruksi pemberitaan tentang Ahmadiyah. Ruang lingkup dari penelitian ini adalah berita tentang Ahmadiyah pada situs www.republika.co.id dan www.tempo.co periode Februari-Maret 2011. Dalam penelitian ini peneliti melakukan penelitian dengan menggunakan analisis framing. Model framing yang digunakan adalah model framing Robert Entman. Oleh Entman, framing digunakan untuk menggambarkan proses seleksi dan menonjolkan aspek tertentu dari realitas oleh media. Dengan menggunakan konsepsi Entman bisa dilihat berita yang dikonstruksi secara lebih rinci dengan menggunakan empat perangkat framing, define problems (pendefinisian masalah), diagnose causes (memperkirakan masalah), make moral judgement/evaluation (memperkirakan masalah), treatment recommendation (menekankan penyelesaian). Hasil analisis framing dengan menggunakan konsep Robert Entman tentang pemberitaan Ahmadiyah di Republika Online dan Tempointeraktif.com berbeda. Bagi Republika Online, konstruksi tentang Ahmadiyah dibingkai sebagai aliran yang menyimpang karena keluar dari ajaran Islam. Ahmadiyah dianggap sebagai sebuah ajaran agama Islam yang dapat meresahkan masyarakat. Sedangkan Tempointeraktif.com, konstruksi pemberitaan tentang Ahmadiyah dibingkai sebagai sebuah aliran yang memiliki hak untuk berkeyakinan dan aksi penyerangan yang menewaskan warga Ahmadiyah merupakan suatu pelanggaran HAM

Biased Estimation of Adjusted Odds Ratios From Incomplete Covariate Data Due to Violation of the Missing at Random Assumption

We investigate the possible bias due to an erroneous missing at random assumption if adjusted odds ratios are estimated from incomplete covariate data using the maximum likelihood principle. A relation between complete case estimates and maximum likelihood estimates allows us to identify situations where the bias vanishes. Numerical computations demonstrate that the bias is most serious if the degree of the violation of the missing at random assumption depends on the value of the outcome variable or of the observed covariate. Implications for the analysis of prospective and retrospective studies are given

Polymorphisms in the bradykinin B2 receptor gene and childhood asthma

Bradykinin has been suggested as one of the key mediators of bronchial asthma. Polymorphisms with a potential functional relevance have been described in the B2 bradykinin receptor gene. Study of these polymorphisms in 77 children with asthma and 73 controls revealed no association. However, when comparing the asthmatics according to their age at onset (before and after age 4), the exon 1 allele BE1-2G was significantly associated with late-onset asthma (p <0.05). Since BE1-2G has previously been shown to lead to a higher transcription rate of the B2 receptor, this result warrants further investigation of the role of bradykinin in conferring susceptibility to pediatric asthma

Novel statistical approaches for non-normal censored immunological data: analysis of cytokine and gene expression data

Background: For several immune-mediated diseases, immunological analysis will become more complex in the future with datasets in which cytokine and gene expression data play a major role. These data have certain characteristics that require sophisticated statistical analysis such as strategies for non-normal distribution and censoring. Additionally, complex and multiple immunological relationships need to be adjusted for potential confounding and interaction effects. Objective: We aimed to introduce and apply different methods for statistical analysis of non-normal censored cytokine and gene expression data. Furthermore, we assessed the performance and accuracy of a novel regression approach in order to allow adjusting for covariates and potential confounding. Methods: For non-normally distributed censored data traditional means such as the Kaplan-Meier method or the generalized Wilcoxon test are described. In order to adjust for covariates the novel approach named Tobit regression on ranks was introduced. Its performance and accuracy for analysis of non-normal censored cytokine/gene expression data was evaluated by a simulation study and a statistical experiment applying permutation and bootstrapping. Results: If adjustment for covariates is not necessary traditional statistical methods are adequate for non-normal censored data. Comparable with these and appropriate if additional adjustment is required, Tobit regression on ranks is a valid method. Its power, type-I error rate and accuracy were comparable to the classical Tobit regression. Conclusion: Non-normally distributed censored immunological data require appropriate statistical methods. Tobit regression on ranks meets these requirements and can be used for adjustment for covariates and potential confounding in large and complex immunological datasets

The effects of inspiratory muscle training in older adults

Purpose: Declining inspiratory muscle function and structure and systemic low-level inflammation and oxidative stress may contribute to morbidity and mortality during normal ageing. Therefore, we examined the effects of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) in older adults on inspiratory muscle function and structure and systemic inflammation and oxidative stress, and re-examined the reported positive effects of IMT on respiratory muscle strength, inspiratory muscle endurance, spirometry, exercise performance, physical activity levels (PAL) and quality of life (QoL). Methods: Thirty-four healthy older adults (68 ± 3 years) with normal spirometry, respiratory muscle strength and physical fitness were divided equally into a pressure-threshold IMT or sham-hypoxic placebo group. Before and after an 8 week intervention, measurements were taken for dynamic inspiratory muscle function and inspiratory muscle endurance using a weighted plunger pressure-threshold loading device, diaphragm thickness using B-mode ultrasonography, plasma cytokine concentrations using immunoassays, DNA damage levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) using Comet Assays, spirometry, maximal mouth pressures, exercise performance using a six minute walk test, PAL using a questionnaire and accelerometry, and QoL using a questionnaire

Cancer and systemic inflammation: treat the tumour and treat the host

Determinants of cancer progression and survival are multifactorial and host responses are increasingly appreciated to have a major role. Indeed, the development and maintenance of a systemic inflammatory response has been consistently observed to confer poorer outcome, in both early and advanced stage disease. For patients, cancer-associated symptoms are of particular importance resulting in a marked impact on day-to-day quality of life and are also associated with poorer outcome. These symptoms are now recognised to cluster with one another with anorexia, weight loss and physical function forming a recognised cluster whereas fatigue, pain and depression forming another. Importantly, it has become apparent that these symptom clusters are associated with presence of a systemic inflammatory response in the patient with cancer. Given the understanding of the above, there is now a need to intervene to moderate systemic inflammatory responses, where present. In this context the rationale for therapeutic intervention using nonselective anti-inflammatory agents is clear and compelling and likely to become a part of routine clinical practice in the near future. The published literature on therapeutic intervention using anti-inflammatory agents for cancer-associated symptoms was reviewed. There are important parallels with the development of useful treatments for the systemic inflammatory response in patients with rheumatological disease and cardiovascular disease

The Role of HDAC6 in Glioblastoma Multiforme: A New Avenue to Therapeutic Interventions?

Despite the great advances in basic research results, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) still remains an incurable tumour. To date, a GBM diagnosis is a death sentence within 15-18 months, due to the high recurrence rate and resistance to conventional radio- and chemotherapy approaches. The effort the scientific community is lavishing on the never-ending battle against GBM is reflected by the huge number of clinical trials launched, about 2003 on 10 September 2024. However, we are still far from both an in-depth comprehension of the biological and molecular processes leading to GBM onset and progression and, importantly, a cure. GBM is provided with high intratumoral heterogeneity, immunosuppressive capacity, and infiltrative ability due to neoangiogenesis. These features impact both tumour aggressiveness and therapeutic vulnerability, which is further limited by the presence in the tumour core of niches of glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) that are responsible for the relapse of this brain neoplasm. Epigenetic alterations may both drive and develop along GBM progression and also rely on changes in the expression of the genes encoding histone-modifying enzymes, including histone deacetylases (HDACs). Among them, HDAC6-a cytoplasmic HDAC-has recently gained attention because of its role in modulating several biological aspects of GBM, including DNA repair ability, massive growth, radio- and chemoresistance, and de-differentiation through primary cilia disruption. In this review article, the available information related to HDAC6 function in GBM will be presented, with the aim of proposing its inhibition as a valuable therapeutic route for this deadly brain tumour

Study and interpretation of Rachmaninoff prelude in G minor OP.23 N0. 5 / Illi Diyana Mohd Isa

The title of my research topic: The INTERPRETATION OF RACHMANINOFF focuses more on the analysis and interpretation of piano playing. This research focuses on one piece from Rachmaninoff entitled Prelude in G minor op 23 No.5. Interpretation is more concerned about the sound than just the news. Thus, the aim in performance is to produce the kind of sound dial the musical context demands. A pianist should develop a sensitivity inside it is ears and fingers, so that he or she can gauge the possibilities of touch and tone in their varying qualities

Subgrouping of Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis Based on Pain, Fatigue, Inflammation, and Psychosocial Factors

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/108023/1/art38682.pd