Epidemiological Characteristics of Great Depression Diseases of Hospitalized Patients in Psychiatric Hospital “Negorci” for a Five-Year Period From 2013 to 2017

BACKGROUND: Severe depression beside the pathological mood also denotes the cognitive, perceptual, and motor activities that are psychopathologically related to the scope of all psychic dynamics, which means cognitive, conative, and emotional. This mental illness covers a large area of the affective life of a man with a wide range of severe depression classified by ICD-10 – F32, F32.2, and F32.3 . With retrospective approach to research from medical history collects data on biological and social factors that have a positive or negative effect on the onset and course of severe depression. AIM: The research aims to determine the total number of patients with severe depression treated in hospital conditions in the Psychiatric Hospital “Negorci” – Negorci for a period of 5 years from 2013 to 2017 to get a clear picture of the factors and specific predictors that lead to the development of severe depression. METHODS: Within the research methods, all the parameters contained are calculated so that it can be concluded that the predictors influence and differ from other stakeholders responsible for etiopathogenesis, although they have a mutual influence. RESULTS: According to the current study, patients with severe depression were found to have an increased frequency between 45 and 62 years. The mean age of the respondents was 52.14 years. According to the level of education, the majority (49%) of the patients have completed primary education and the least with higher education, i.e., only 2 (3.1%). CONCLUSION: From the obtained data, it was obtained the scope of the influence of sociodemographic data on the occurrence of severe depression and sequelae of the disease

Challenges and Perspectives in Creating a Digital Epigraphy Collection Using TEI XML and Front-end Services

The article presents the main tools and methods applied in the creation of the Telamon database of the ancient Greek inscriptions from Bulgaria encoded in TEI XML. The work so far on the project is reported, the modifications to the existing services are enumerated and some future perspectives are discussed.Peer reviewe

Prioritized independent contact regions for form closure grasps

Proceedings of: 2011 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS'11), September 25-30, 2011, San Francisco, USAThe concept of independent contact regions on a target object’s surface, in order to compensate for shortcomings in the positioning accuracy of robotic grasping devices, is well known. However, the numbers and distributions of contact points forming such regions is not unique and depends on the underlying computational method. In this work we present a computation scheme allowing to prioritize contact points for inclusion in the independent regions. This enables a user to affect their shape in order to meet the demands of the targeted application. The introduced method utilizes frictionless contact constraints and is able to efficiently approximate the space of disturbances resistible by all grasps comprising contacts within the independent regions.European Community's Seventh Framework ProgramThis research has been partially supported by the HANDLE project, funded by the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement ICT 231640

CpG oligonucleotides bind TLR9 and RRM-Containing proteins in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)

Background: Bacterial DNA is well-known for its potent immunostimulatory properties which have been attributed to the abundance of CpG dinucleotides within the genomes of prokaryotes. Research has found that mammalian TLR9 is a receptor which mediates the immune response to CpG DNA; however, its functional properties in non-mammalian vertebrates are still poorly characterized. Leukocytes isolated from lower vertebrates, including teleosts, respond to CpG DNA and TLR9 has been identified in many fish species; however, the ligand-binding properties of fish TLR9 have, so far, not been studied. The fact that some vertebrates, like chicken, lack TLR9 and use an alternative molecule (TLR21) as a receptor for CpGs has questioned the functional conservation of TLR9 within vertebrates. Results: In the current study, TLR9 from Atlantic salmon (SsTLR9) has been found to interact with synthetic oligonucleotides via a CpG-independent but a pH-dependent mechanism. The endogenous receptor, expressed by primary mononuclear phagocytes colocalizes with CpG oligonucleotides (ODNs) in vesicles that appear to be endosomes. When overexpressed in salmonid cell lines, SsTLR9 spontaneously activates ISRE-containing promoters of genes involved in the IFN response; however, the transgenic receptor fails to translocate to CpG-containing endosomes. This indicates that only specific immune cell types have the ability to relocate the receptor to the appropriate cellular compartments where it may become activated by its ligand. In addition, through co-precipitation and mass spectrometry, two salmon proteins - hnRNPA0 and NCOA5, which both contain RNA-binding domains (RRM), were found to bind CpG ODNs, suggesting they may be involved in the CpG response in salmon leukocytes. Conclusion: The presented data are the first to demonstrate that the DNA-binding properties of TLR9 are conserved between teleosts and mammals. The current study also identifies additional molecules which may function as mediators of the immunostimulatory properties of foreign DNA

Intracellular distribution and transcriptional regulation of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) Rab5c, 7a and 27a homologs by immune stimuli

Rab GTPases control trafficking of intracellular vesicles and are key regulators of endocytic and secretory pathways. Due to their specific distribution, they may serve as markers for different endolysosomal compartments. Since Rab GTPases are involved in uptake and trafficking of endocytosed ligands and cell receptors, as well as secretion of immune mediators, they have been implicated in diverse immunological processes and their functions are often exploited by intracellular pathogens such as viruses. While Rab proteins have been studied extensively in mammals, their functions in vesicle trafficking in teleosts are not well known. In the present work, Atlantic salmon Rab5c, Rab7a and Rab27a homologs were studied in terms of intracellular distribution and gene expression. Structured illumination microscopy demonstrated that transgenic, GFP-tagged salmon Rab5c and Rab7a are, predominantly, located within early endosomes and late endosomes/lysosomes, respectively. In contrast, Rab27a showed a broader distribution, which indicates that it associates with diverse intracellular vesicles and organelles. Infection of salmon with Salmonid alphavirus subtype 3 (SAV3) enhanced the mRNA levels of all of the studied Rab isoforms in heart and head kidney and most of them were upregulated in spleen. This may reflect the capacity of the virus to exploit the functions of these rab proteins. It is also possible that the transcriptional regulation of Rab proteins in SAV3-infected organs may play a role in the antiviral immune response. The latter was further supported by in vitro experiments with adherent head kidney leukocytes. The expression of Rab5c and Rab27a was upregulated in these cells following stimulation with TLR ligands including CpG oligonucleotides and polyI:C. The expression of most of the analyzed Rab isoforms in the primary leukocytes was also enhanced by stimulation with type I IFN. Interestingly, IFN-gamma had a negative effect on Rab7a expression which may be linked to the priming activity of this cytokine on monocytes and macrophages. Overall, these data demonstrate that the intracellular distribution of Rab5c, Rab7a and Rab27a is phylogenetically conserved within vertebrates and that these molecules might be implicated in viral infections and the regulation of the antiviral immune response in Atlantic salmon

An abnormally enlarged frontal sinus - a case of pneumosinus dilatans

During routine autopsy of a 62-y-old female cadaver, an unusually enlarged frontal sinus was observed. The sinus was abnormally over-developed in both width and height, as the sinus cavity spreads deeply into the frontal tubera. Numerous septa divided the sinus cavity. Because of the obvious dilation of the frontal sinus and the lack of localized bone destruction and hyperostosis, a rare condition called `pneumosinus dilatans` probably occurs in this interesting case

Odontoma as an etiological factor for impaction of teeth

Odontoma is considered to be the most common odontogenic tumor of the oral cavity. Most odontoma are discovered during routine radiographic investigations and can cause disturbances in the teeth eruption. Here we report two cases, where the odontoma are the main etiological factor for tooth impaction. The aim of this study is to determine the necessity of the removal of the odontoma as a main etiological factor for tooth impaction in order to induce successful tooth eruption. In the first case, a radiography examination using orthopantomogram showed radio-opaque lesions mesial to the impacted right mandibular canine. The lesion was surgically removed under local anesthesia. After mucoperiosteal flap was raised, superficial bone was removed followed by the removal of the calcified structures. The flap was approximated and sutured. In the second case, a radiography examination using CBCT revealed presence of radio-opaque lesions next to the unerupted left maxillary canine. Surgery was performed under local anesthesia. After the primary canine was removed, the odontomas were removed in order to establish eruption path for the canine. The results of this study show that using the appropriate surgical protocols that eliminate odontogenic lesions can establish adequate environment for teeth to erupt. Diagnosis of odontoma at an early age and its surgical excision may prevent eruption disturbances. A careful follow-up of the case, implementing preventive and interceptive orthodontics, if necessary, prevents future malocclusion. Keywords: CBCT, Odontoma, Surgery, Tooth impactio

Management of the patient with cystic fibrosis in oral and maxillofacial surgery

Cystic fibrosis, an autosomal recessive disease, is considered to be the most lethal inherited trait among Caucasians. The median age for CF patients has significantly increased over the past 60 years. This study will review the diagnosis, pathophysiology, and eventual systemic complications of CF and discuss relevant information for the management of CF patients for the oral and maxillofacial surgeon. The aim of this study is to prove the connection between cystic fibrosis and the oral health of the patient. For this study, five patients with cystic fibrosis were treated at the clinic of oral surgery. They were evaluated thoroughly to prevent future complications. In preoperative assessment, the pulmonary status, nutritional status and blood glucose levels were identified. The usual doses of antibiotics, cardio tonic drugs, bronchodilators etc. were considered where it was necessary into the preoperative period. Depending on the nature, duration, and complications of the surgical procedure, patients were taken care of in the postoperative period. Every patient in our study went through the treatment successfully without specific complications with the appropriate procedures and protocols. With preoperative preparation and premedication, the timing of the surgery, monitoring during the intervention, and special post-operative care are necessary for creating a specific protocol for surgical interventions on patients with cystic fibrosis. Patients with cystic fibrosis require consistent, regular follow-up. Keywords: Cystic fibrosis, premedication, protocol, surgery

Structural and functional characterization of salmon STAT1, STAT2 and IRF9 homologs sheds light on interferon signaling in teleosts

Mammalian IRF9 and STAT2, together with STAT1, form the ISGF3 transcription factor complex, which is critical for type I interferon (IFN)-induced signaling, while IFNγ stimulation is mediated by homodimeric STAT1 protein. Teleost fish are known to possess most JAK and STAT family members, however, description of their functional activity in lower vertebrates is still scarce. In the present study we have identified two different STAT2 homologs and one IRF9 homolog from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Both proteins have domain-like structures with functional motifs that are similar to higher vertebrates, suggesting that they are orthologs to mammalian STAT2 and IRF9. The two identified salmon STAT2s, named STAT2a and STAT2b, showed high sequence identity but were divergent in their transactivation domain (TAD). Like STAT1, ectopically expressed STAT2a and b were shown to be tyrosine phosphorylated by type I IFNs and, interestingly, also by IFNγ. Microscopy analyses demonstrated that STAT2 co-localized with STAT1a in the cytoplasm of unstimulated cells, while IFNa1 and IFNγ stimulation seemed to favor their nuclear localization. Overexpression of STAT2a or STAT2b together with STAT1a activated a GAS-containing reporter gene construct in IFNγ-stimulated cells. The highest induction of GAS promoter activation was found in IFNγ-stimulated cells transfected with IRF9 alone. Taken together, these data suggest that salmon STAT2 and IRF9 may have a role in IFNγ-induced signaling and promote the expression of GAS-driven genes in bony fish. Since mammalian STAT2 is primarily an ISGF3 component and not involved in IFNγ signaling, our finding features a novel role for STAT2 in fish

Management of patients with cystic fibrosis in oral and maxillofacial surgery

Cystic fibrosis, an autosomal recessive disease, is considered to be the most lethal inherited trait among Caucasians. The median age for the CF patient has significantly increased over the past 60 years. This study will review diagnosis, pathophysiology, and eventual systemic complications of CF and discuss relevant information for management of the CF patient for the oral and maxillofacial surgeon. The aim of this study is to prove the connection between the cystic fibrosis and the oral health of the patient. For this study, five patients with cystic fibrosis were treated at the clinic of oral surgery. They were evaluated thoroughly to prevent future complications. In preoperative assessment, the pulmonary status, nutritional status and blood glucose levels were identified. The usual doses of antibiotics, cardio tonic drugs, bronchodilators etc. were considered where it was necessary into the preoperative period. Depending on the nature, duration, and complications of the surgical procedure, patients were taken care of in the postoperative period. Every patient in our study went through the treatment successfully without specific complications with the appropriate procedures and protocols. With preoperative preparation and premedication, timing of the surgery, monitoring during the intervention and special post-operative care is necessary for creating specific protocol for surgical interventions on patients with cystic fibrosis. Patients with cystic fibrosis require consistent, regular follow-up. Keywords: Cystic fibrosis, premedication, protocol, surgery