Ranking protected areas in the Azores using standardised sampling of soil epigean arthropods

Copyright © Springer 2005.Nineteen areas in seven of the nine Azorean islands were evaluated for species diversity and rarity based on soil epigean arthropods. Fifteen out of the 19 study areas are managed as Natural Forest Reserves and the remaining four were included due to their importance as indigenous forest cover. Four of the 19 areas are not included in the European Conservation network, NATURA 2000. Two sampling replicates were run per study area, and a total of 191 species were collected; 43 of those species (23%) are endemic to the archipelago and 12 have yet to be described. To produce an unbiased multiple-criteria index (importance value for conservation, IV-C) incorporating diversity and rarity based indices, an iterative partial multiple regression analysis was performed. In addition, an irreplaceability index and the complementarity method (using both optimisation and heuristic methods) were used for priority-reserves analyses. It was concluded that at least one well-managed reserve per island is absolutely necessary to have a good fraction of the endemic arthropods preserved. We found that for presence/absence data the suboptimal complementarity algorithm provides solutions as good as the optimal algorithm. For abundance data, optimal solutions indicate that most reserves are needed if we want that at least 50% of endemic arthropod populations are represented in a minimum set of reserves. Consistently, two of the four areas not included in the NATURA 2000 framework were considered of high priority, indicating that vascular plants and bird species used to determine NATURA 2000 sites are not good surrogates of arthropod diversity in the Azores. The most irreplaceable reserves are those located in older islands, which indicates that geological history plays an important role in explaining faunal diversity of arthropods in the Azores. Based both on the uniqueness of species composition and high species richness, conservation efforts should be focused on the unmanaged Pico Alto region in the archipelago’s oldest island, Santa Maria

Macrosiphoniella helichrysi Remaudiere

Macrosiphoniella helichrysi Remaudière Measurements, amounts, and ratios referred by Remaudière (1952) and not observed in the material studied by us from Portugal, Spain, and Italy, are indicated here in parentheses. Apterous viviparous female. Measurements from 61 specimens (Table 3). Body 1.44– 2.63 mm long. Antennae (1.4) 1.71–2.38 mm long, 0.83–1.28 times as long as body; III antennal segment 0.37–0.65 mm long, with (3) 9–42 secondary rhinaria scattered on 0.5– 0.8 basal part of segment; IV antennal segment 0.29–0.44 mm long and 0.97–1.29 times as long as V, this 0.25–0.39 mm long; base of VI segment 0.13–0.19 mm long; processus terminalis 0.42–0.63 mm long, 3.18 –4.00 times as long as base of VI and 0.81–1.15 times as long as III. Primary rhinaria ciliate. Apical rostral segment 0.16–0.21 mm long, 4.00– 5.25 times as long as its basal width, 1.20–1.54 (1.56) times as long as 2 nd joint of hind tarsus (this 0.12–0.15 mm long) and 1.05–1.54 times as long as base of antennal segment VI. Secondary hairs of apical rostral segment 5–7 in number, longest 40–70 µm; primary hairs with two pairs near the apical rostrate part of segment and one pair on middle third, near half­length of segment, rarely between middle and apical third of segment. Siphunculi without basal constriction, 0.24–0.55 mm long, with reticulation on apical 50–64 %, 0.15–0.25 times as long as body and 1.04–1.46 times as long as cauda. Cauda 0.22–0.40 mm long, 2.17–3.10 times as long as its basal width and 1.28–1.90 times as long as the apical rostral segment. Caudal hairs 8–20. Subgenital plate with 2–4 primary hairs and 7– 13 marginal ones; sometimes with 1–2 supernumerary hairs. First tarsal segments with 3,3, 3 hairs. Marginal tubercles absent. Dorsal hairs long, usually blunt to subcapitate but some acute; posterior cephalic hairs 75–119 µm long; spinal hairs on 3 rd abdominal tergite 83–125 µm long; hairs on 8 th abdominal tergite 4–6, rarely 3, 86– 128 µm long. Pronotum with 7–10 hairs. Tibial hairs stout, with several kinds of apex: soft, acute, blunt, subcapitate. Antennal hairs on III segment 29–49 µm long, also with several kinds of apices. Ventral hairs shorter than dorsal ones, mostly blunt but some acute. Alate viviparous female. Measurements from 39 specimens (Table 4). Body 1.81–2.48 mm long. Antennae 1.81–2.67 mm long, 0.95–1.15 times as long as body; III antennal segment 0.50–0.72 mm long, with 32–68 secondary rhinaria on the whole length of segment; IV antennal segment 0.30–0.50 mm long, 0.94–1.29 times as long as V, usually without secondary rhinaria but rarely with 1–4 (in the Portuguese material) on basal half of the segment; V antennal segment 0.29–0.45 mm long, without secondary rhinaria; base of VI segment 0.13–0.19 mm long; processus terminalis 0.45–0.68 mm long, 3.00–4.00 times as long as base of VI and 0.77–1.03 times as long as III. Apical rostral segment 0.18–0.21 mm long, 3.80–5.25 times as long as its basal width, 1.36–1.58 times as long as 2 nd joint of hind tarsus. Secondary hairs of the apical rostral segment usually 6, rarely 5 or 7, the longest 32–75 µm. Siphunculi 0.30–0.46 mm long, with reticulation on apical 43–64 %, 0.15–0.22 times as long as body and 1.25–1.64 times as long as cauda. Cauda 0.22–0.32 mm long, 1.92–2.82 times as long as its basal width and 1.10–1.60 times as long as the apical rostral segment. Caudal hairs 8–18. Dorsal hairs shorter than in apterous viviparous females; posterior cephalic hairs 54–88 µm long; spinal hairs on 3 rd abdominal tergite 65– 100 µm long; hairs on 8 th abdominal tergite 4 –5, 63– 106 µm long. Antennal hairs on III segment 25–43 µm long. Ventral hairs mostly pointed. Otherwise as in apterous viviparous females. Material studied. PORTUGAL (33 apterous viviparous females and 29 alate viviparous females). Tavira island, 21.IV. 1978, Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G. Don fil. ssp. picardi (Boiss. & Reuter) Franco, col. F. A. Ilharco, J. Pinto & R. Pontes, register number CAEAN 2489. Silves, Boião, 26.V. 1979, H. stoechas (L.) Moench, col. F. A. Ilharco, J. Pinto, J. J. Vieira & R. Pontes, register number CAEAN 2946. Santiago do Cacém, Alvalade, 28.VI. 1979, H. italicum picardi, col. J. Pinto & R. Pontes, register number CAEAN 2996. Castro Daire, Arcas, 27.V. 1980, H. stoechas, col. F. A. Ilharco, J. Pinto & R. Pontes, register number CAEAN 3536 c. Grândola, 11.VI. 1980, H. italicum picardi, col. A. Gomes & J. Pinto, register number CAEAN 3557. Aljezur, Monte Clérigo, 29.VII. 1980, H. italicum picardi, col. F. A. Ilharco, J. Pinto & R. Pontes, register number CAEAN 3680. Sesimbra, 27.VI. 1984, H. italicum picardi, col. A. Gomes & F. Belard da Fonseca, register number CAEAN 4200. Silves, April 1991, one alate vagrant from a suction trap, leg. Maria Odília de Boelpaepe, register number CAEAN 5958. SPAIN (15 apterous viviparous females and 6 alate viviparous females). Puerto de Perales, 11.VI. 1972, H. stoechas, register number 6 a– 9. San Esteban dela Valdueza, 22.VI. 1978, H. stoechas, register number LE­ 436. Furo del Sabinal, 24.V. 1980, H. stoechas, register number AL­ 45. El Bosque, Cádiz, 14.VI. 1984, H. stoechas, register number CA­ 180. Pto. de la Mora, 26.VI. 1984, H. stoechas, register number GR­ 128. ITALY (13 apterous viviparous females and 4 alate viviparous females). Locality?, 23.XII. 1968, H. italicum, without register number. Sardegna, S. Anna Arresi, Porto Pino, 14.V. 1985, H. italicum, register number 2757. Nos. 1–7, from Spain: 1 — Sample 6 a­ 9. 2 — Sample LE­ 436. 3,4 — Sample AL­ 45. 5 — Sample CA­ 180. 6,7 — Sample GR­ 128 Nos. 8–14, from Italy: 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 — Sample without register number. 13, 14 — Sample 2757. Nos. 15–28, from Portugal: 15, 16 — Sample 2489. 17, 18 — Sample 2946. 19, 20 — Sample 2996. 21 — sample 3536 c. 22, 23 — Sample 3557. 24, 25 — Sample 3680. 26, 27, 28 — Sample 4200. A.r.s. — apical rostral segment. 2 nd j.h.t. — 2 nd joint of hind tarsus. Siph. — siphunculus. Sec. rhin. — secondary rhinaria. Nos. 1–6, from Spain: 1, 2 — Sample 6 a­ 9. 3 — Sample CA­ 180. 4, 5, 6 — Sample GR­ 128 Nos. 7­10, from Italy: Sample 2757. Nos. 11–26, from Portugal: 11, 12, 13 — Sample 2946. 18, 19, 20 — Sample 2996. 21, 22, 23 — Sample 3557. 24, 25 — Sample 3680. 26 — Sample 5958. A.r.s. — apical rostral segment. 2 nd j.h.t. — 2 nd joint of hind tarsus. Siph. — siphunculus. Sec. rhin. — secondary rhinaria. Distribution. Southern Europe, Middle East, and South Africa (Remaudière 1952; Roberti 1959; Tuatay and Remaudière 1964; Barbagallo 1969, 1986; Nieto Nafria 1974; Barbagallo and Stroyan 1980; Remaudière et al. 1985; Millar 1990; Lampel 2001; Starý et al. 2001). Note. Macrosiphoniella helichrysi is very well illustrated in Remaudière (1952) and Roberti (1959).Published as part of Franquinho Aguiar, A. M. & Ilharco, Fernando Albano, 2005, Macrosiphoniella madeirensis Aguiar & Ilharco sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Aphididae) from Madeira Island, pp. 1-12 in Zootaxa 867 on pages 7-11, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17086

Macrosiphoniella madeirensis Aguiar & Ilharco, sp. nov.

Macrosiphoniella madeirensis Aguiar & Ilharco, sp. nov. Apterous viviparous female (Fig. 1). Measurements from 33 specimens (Table 1). Body 1.95–2.87 mm long, with head, antennae, rostrum, pronotum, mesonotum, legs, siphunculi, and cauda black. Abdominal dorsum membranous, with pairs of marginal, pleural, spinal, and antesiphuncular black sclerites; spinal sclerites on 2 nd, 3 rd, and 4 th tergites usually larger than the others and those on 3 rd and 4 th tergites often fused into two larger plates; 8 th abdominal tergite with a transverse black band. Frontal tubercles of head little developed. Antennae 2.06–2.51 mm long, 0.82–1.06 times as long as body; III antennal segment 0.58–0.73 mm long, with 19–46 secondary rhinaria irregularly scattered on the 0.5–0.7 basal part of the segment; IV antennal segment 0.39–0.52 mm long and 1.22–1.45 times as long as V, this 0.29–0.38 mm long; base of VI segment 0.12–0.15 mm long; processus terminalis 0.49–0.60 mm long, 3.47–4.38 times as long as base of VI and 0.74–0.95 times as long as III. Primary rhinaria ciliate. Rostrum long, reaching to abdominal sternites 3–4. Apical rostral segment stiletto­shaped, 0.19–0.22 mm long, with apex distinctly rostrate, 3.80–5.25 times as long as its basal width, 1.43–1.75 times as long as 2 nd joint of hind tarsus (this 0.12–0.15 mm long) and 1.33–1.69 times as long as base of antennal segment VI. Secondary hairs of apical rostral segment 5–7 in number, rarely 4 or 8, the longest 47–70 µm; primary hairs placed on apical third of segment, being two pairs near apical rostrate part and one pair distally placed, sometimes between middle and apical third of segment. Siphunculi tapering, without basal constriction, 0.33–0.49 mm long, with reticulation on apical 55–65 %, 0.15–0.20 times as long as body and 0.94–1.15 times as long as cauda. Cauda elongate, 0.32–0.44 mm long, constricted at basal third, 2.53–3.33 times as long as its basal width and 1.52–2.15 times as long as the apical rostral segment. Caudal hairs 13–23. Subgenital plate with 2–4 primary hairs and 11–14 (rarely 10–15) marginal ones; sometimes with a supernumerary hair. First tarsal segments with 3, 3, 3 hairs. Marginal tubercles absent. Dorsal hairs very long, acute, blunt, or slightly capitate; posterior cephalic hairs and spinal on 3 rd abdominal tergite about 100–113 µm long, rarely shorter (up to 86 µm); hairs on 8 th abdominal tergite 4–6 rarely 7, 93– 125 µm long. Pronotum with 8–14 hairs. Tibial hairs stout, with soft apex. Antennal hairs on III segment 33–45 µm long, with soft apex. Ventral hairs shorter than dorsal ones, mostly blunt but some up to finely pointed. Color when alive: pale gray, covered with a fine whitish waxy excretion, this absent on a bright black somewhat quadrangular spot on center of abdominal dorsum and on a variable degree on abdominal tergites 5 to 8, especially the 6 th and 8 th where the siphunculus and cauda are inserted (Fig. 2). Alate viviparous female (Fig. 3). Measurements from 10 specimens (Table 2). Body 2.21–2.70 mm long. Antennae 2.38–2.69 mm long, 0.98–1.09 times as long as body; III antennal segment 0.72–0.85 mm long, with 60–82 secondary rhinaria on entire length of segment; IV antennal segment 0.45–0.54 mm long, 1.25–1.41 times as long as V, with 0–3 secondary rhinaria, when present, on basal two thirds of segment; V antennal segment 0.34–0.44 mm long, without secondary rhinaria; base of VI segment 0.12–0.15 mm long; processus terminalis 0.56–0.63 mm long, 3.80–4.67 times as long as base of VI and 0.74– 0.85 times as long as III. Apical rostral segment 1.50–1.57 times as long as 2 nd joint of hind tarsus (this 0.13–0.14 mm long) and 1.36– 1.68 times as long as base of antennal segment VI. Secondary hairs of apical rostral segment 6–7, rarely 8, the longest 50–60 µm. Siphunculi subcylindrical, 0.35–0.45 mm long, with reticulation on apical 53–61 %, 0.14– 0.19 times as long as body and 1.03–1.33 times as long as cauda. Cauda 0.29–0.37 mm long, slender, 2.42–3.08 times as long as its basal width and 1.38–1.68 times as long as apical rostral segment. Caudal hairs 15–22. Subgenital plate with 3–4 primary hairs and 9– 13 marginal ones. Posterior cephalic hairs 63–88 µm long; spinal hairs on 3 rd abdominal tergite 70–106 µm long; hairs on 8 th abdominal tergite 4 –5, 75– 97 µm long. Antennal hairs on III segment 30–38 µm long. Otherwise as in apterous viviparous female. Host plant, locality, and type depositories. Macrosiphoniella madeirensis lives on the terminal parts of the shoots and on the leaf petioles of Helichrysum melaleucum Rchb. ex. Holl, an endemic Compositae of Madeira Island. The description of M. madeirensis is based on specimens of the following two samples: (1) S. Vicente, Boaventura, Vereda da Entrosa (Fig. 4), 12.II. 2000, col. A.M.F. Aguiar, register number (ICLAM) A 716; (2) Santana, Arco de S. Jorge, 14.II. 2001, col. A.M. F. Aguiar & J. Jesus, register numbers A 744 and CAEAN 6457. Nos. 1–3, from sample A 716. Nos. 4–21, from sample 6457. No. 20, holotype. A.r.s. — apical rostral segment. 2 nd j.h.t. — 2 nd joint of tarsus. Siph. — siphunculus. Sec. rhin. — secondary rhinaria. No. Body Antennae A.r.s. 2 nd Siph. Cauda Caudal Sec. rhin. IV j.h.t. hairs III III IV V VI Total Nos. 1–10, from sample 6457. A.r.s. — apical rostral segment. 2 nd j.h.t. — 2 nd joint of hind tarsus. Siph. — siphunculus. Sec. rhin. — secondary rhinaria The holotype is specimen no. 20 of the type series (an apterous viviparous female on slide 6) (Table 1). It is kept in the Aphid Collection of Estação Agronómica Nacional (CAEAN). Paratypes on slides are kept also in CAEAN and in Insect Collection of Laboratório Agrícola da Madeira (ICLAM). Paratypes within alcohol will be sent to the aphid collections of The Natural History Museum (Dr. Paul Brown), London, England; the Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle (Dr. G. Remaudière), Paris, France; the University of León (Dr. J. M. Nieto Nafria), León, Spain; and the Università degli Studi de Catania (Dr. S. Barbagallo), Sicily, Italy. The specific name madeirensis is preferred to maderensis according to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (1985), Appendix C (Latinization of geographical and proper names): “The geographical and proper names of nations that employ the Latin characters should be written with the orthography of the country in which they originate”Published as part of Franquinho Aguiar, A. M. & Ilharco, Fernando Albano, 2005, Macrosiphoniella madeirensis Aguiar & Ilharco sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Aphididae) from Madeira Island, pp. 1-12 in Zootaxa 867 on pages 1-7, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17086

New records for the Azorean arthropod fauna

Copyright © 2000 Sociedade Afonso Chaves.A fauna de artrópodes das pastagens de três ilhas dos Açores (S. Maria, Terceira e Pico) foi alvo de uma amostragem detalhada usando várias técnicas de amostragem (armadilhas pitfall, aspirador entomológico VORTIS e colheitas directas). Um total de 63 espécies de insectos herbívoros sugadores, 65 espécies de insectos herbívoros mastigadores e 117 espécies de artrópodes predadores foram amostrados durante cinco períodos de amostragem cobrindo três estações do ano em 1994 (primavera, Verão e Outono) e duas em 1995 (primavera e Verão). A presente contribuição serve para listar 85 novidades: 22 espécies são novas para o arquipélago, sendo cinco delas (quatro de S. Maria e Uma da Terceira) endémicas; 63 espécies constituem novidade para S. Maria, 21 são novas para a Terceira e 28 são novas para O Pico. Para cada espécie apresenta-se alguns comentários sobre a sua distribuição e ecologia.ABSTRACT: The pasture arthropod fauna of three Azorean islands (S. Maria, Terceira and Pico) was surveyed through several sampling methods (pitfall traps, VORTIS suction machine, direct searching). Sucking (63 species) and chewing (65 species) arthropod herbivores and 117 species of predatory arthropods were sampled during five sampling periods covering three seasons in 1994 (Spring, Summer and Autumn) and two in 1995 (Spring and Summer). In the present contribution, 85 species of arthropods are listed as new records: 22 species were not previously known from any of the Azorean islands, five of which are considered endemic (four from S. Maria and one from Terceira) and will be described elsewhere; 63 species are recorded for the first time for S. Maria, 21 for Terceira and 28 for Pico. For each species some comments are made on their distribution and ecology

Volumetric properties and spectroscopic studies of pyridine or nicotine solutions in liquid polyethylene glycols

Densities and molar excess volumes of the solutions of pyridine or nicotine in liquid polyethylene glycol, PEG200 and PEG400, have been determined at several temperatures. The experimental molar excess volumes are negative, thus indicating strong attractive interactions between the components, as could be expected considering their highly polar nature and good hydrogen bond abilities. For the pyridine systems, this negativity is slightly increased as the temperature rises, while the opposite tendency is observed for the nicotine mixtures. When pyridine and nicotine solutions are compared, the former particularly those with PEG400-exhibit substantially more negative molar excess volumes than the latter. The effect of the polymer chain length on the results for the nicotine solutions is almost negligible. However, this is not the case when pyridine is one of the components: a longer chain induced considerably higher compression on mixing. The Fourier-transform infrared analysis allowed interpretation of the negative experimental molar excess volumes in terms of specific inter- and intramolecular interactions

Ranking protected areas in the Azores using standardised sampling of soil epigean arthropods

Copyright © Springer 2005.Nineteen areas in seven of the nine Azorean islands were evaluated for species diversity and rarity based on soil epigean arthropods. Fifteen out of the 19 study areas are managed as Natural Forest Reserves and the remaining four were included due to their importance as indigenous forest cover. Four of the 19 areas are not included in the European Conservation network, NATURA 2000. Two sampling replicates were run per study area, and a total of 191 species were collected; 43 of those species (23%) are endemic to the archipelago and 12 have yet to be described. To produce an unbiased multiple-criteria index (importance value for conservation, IV-C) incorporating diversity and rarity based indices, an iterative partial multiple regression analysis was performed. In addition, an irreplaceability index and the complementarity method (using both optimisation and heuristic methods) were used for priority-reserves analyses. It was concluded that at least one well-managed reserve per island is absolutely necessary to have a good fraction of the endemic arthropods preserved. We found that for presence/absence data the suboptimal complementarity algorithm provides solutions as good as the optimal algorithm. For abundance data, optimal solutions indicate that most reserves are needed if we want that at least 50% of endemic arthropod populations are represented in a minimum set of reserves. Consistently, two of the four areas not included in the NATURA 2000 framework were considered of high priority, indicating that vascular plants and bird species used to determine NATURA 2000 sites are not good surrogates of arthropod diversity in the Azores. The most irreplaceable reserves are those located in older islands, which indicates that geological history plays an important role in explaining faunal diversity of arthropods in the Azores. Based both on the uniqueness of species composition and high species richness, conservation efforts should be focused on the unmanaged Pico Alto region in the archipelago’s oldest island, Santa Maria

On the Meaning of Screens: Towards a Phenomenological Account of Screenness.

This paper presents a Heideggerian phenomenological analysis of screens. In a world and an epoch where screens pervade a great many aspects of human experience, we submit that phenomenology, much in a traditional methodological form, can provide an interesting and novel basis for our understanding of screens. We ground our analysis in the ontology of Martin Heidegger's Being and Time [1927/1962], claiming that screens will only show themselves as they are if taken as screens-in-the-world. Thus, the phenomenon of screen is not investigated in its empirical form or conceptually. It is rather taken as a grounding intentional orientation that conditions our engagement with certain surfaces as we comport ourselves towards them �as screens.� In doing this we claim to have opened up the phenomenon of screen in a new and meaningful way