Comparison of leaf stomatal features in some local and foreign apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) genotypes

The objective of this study was to determine the leaf stomatal features of some local and foreign apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) cultivars. Stomata frequency, size and stomatal conductance of leaves of twentyapricot genotypes from inside and outside of Turkey were measured. The leaf stomatal frequency significantly varied among the apricot cultivars. The highest leaf stomata frequency was found in cv.Orange Red (349 stomata/mm2) and lowest was in cv. Cnef (182.2 stomata/mm2). Mean stomata size was 81.8 m. In 2006 stomatal conductance was the lowest (84 mmol m-2 s-1) in ‘Roxana’ and the highest (263 mmol m-2 s-1) in ‘Thyrinthe’ cultivars. In 2007, the lowest stomatal conductance (143 mmol m-2 s-1) was found in ‘Hasanbey’ cultivar and the highest (405 mmol m-2 s-1) was in ‘Cnef’ cultivar. Generally in the second year counductance values were higher which was probably due to higher values of maximum air temperature. The differences in leaf stomatal conductance values that existed among the genotypes can be taken into consideration as selection criteria for apricots to be grown in regions with higher summer temperatures

Coping with disassembly yield uncertainty in remanufacturing using sensor embedded products

© 2011, Ilgin et al; licensee Springer.This paper proposes and investigates the use of embedding sensors in products when designing and manufacturing them to improve the efficiency during their end-of-life (EOL) processing. First, separate design of experiments studies based on orthogonal arrays are carried out for conventional products (CPs) and sensor embedded products (SEPs). In order to calculate the response values for each experiment, detailed discrete event simulation models of both cases are developed considering the precedence relationships among the components together with the routing of different appliance types through the disassembly line. Then, pair-wise t-tests are conducted to compare the two cases based on different performance measures. The results showed that sensor embedded products improve revenue and profit while achieving significant reductions in backorder, disassembly, disposal, holding, testing and transportation costs. While the paper addresses the EOL processing of dish washers and dryers, the approach provided could be extended to any other industrial product

Synthesis, Structure, and Bonding Analysis of Lewis Base and Lewis Acid/Base‐Stabilized Phosphanylgallanes

Phosphanylgallane with hydrogen and halogen substituents (RXGa PHR, R=organic substituent, X=halogen/hydrogen) are regarded as putative suitable precursors for accessing Ga=P doubly bonded species. Herein, we report on the synthesis, structure, and bonding analysis of a series of Lewis base- and Lewis acid/base-stabilized phosphanylgallane bearing P H and Ga Cl/H substitution. To avoid oligomerization, the treatment of IDip.GaCl3 and (IDip)GaH2Cl (IDip=1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl) imidazole-2-ylidene) with LiPHR or LiPHR(BH3) (R=Ph, Tip, Mes, NiPr2, NCy2) affords the corresponding Lewis base and Lewis acid/base coordinated H,Cl-functionalized monomeric phosphanylgallane, respectively. The structure of these derivatives were determined by spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic analyses. The observed Ga P bond lengths are comparable to those previously reported phosphanylgallane analogues. The nature of the CIDip-Ga coordination bond was assessed with Energy Decomposition Analysis, suggesting a relatively stable adduct. Reactions of the phosphanylgallane with Brønsted bases were investigated

Evidence of AlII Radical Addition to Benzene

Electrophilic AlIII species have long dominated the aluminum reactivity towards arenes. Recently, nucleophilic low-valent AlI aluminyl anions have showcased oxidative additions towards arenes C-C and/or C-H bonds. Herein, we communicate compelling evidence of an AlII radical addition reaction to the benzene ring. The electron reduction of a ligand stabilized precursor with KC8 in benzene furnishes a double addition to the benzene ring instead of a C-H bond activation, producing the corresponding cyclohexa-1,3(orl,4)-dienes as Birch-type reduction product. X-ray crystallographic analysis, EPR spectroscopy, and DFT results suggest this reactivity proceeds through a stable AlII radical intermediate, whose stability is a consequence of a rigid scaffold in combination with strong steric protection

Evidence of AlII Radical Addition to Benzene

Electrophilic AlIII species have long dominated the aluminum reactivity towards arenes. Recently, nucleophilic low-valent AlI aluminyl anions have showcased oxidative additions towards arenes C C and/or C H bonds. Herein, we communicate compelling evidence of an AlII radical addition reaction to the benzene ring. The electron reduction of a ligand stabilized precursor with KC8 in benzene furnishes a double addition to the benzene ring instead of a C H bond activation, producing the corresponding cyclohexa-1,3 (orl,4)-dienes as Birch-type reduction product. X-ray crystallographic analysis, EPR spectroscopy, and DFT results suggest this reactivity proceeds through a stable AlII radical intermediate, whose stability is a consequence of a rigid scaffold in combination with strong steric protection

Revisiting the origin of the bending in group 2 metallocenes AeCp2 (Ae = Be–Ba)

Metallocenes are well-established compounds in organometallic chemistry, and can exhibit either a coplanar structure or a bent structure according to the nature of the metal center (E) and the cyclopentadienyl ligands (Cp). Herein, we re-examine the chemical bonding to underline the origins of the geometry and stability observed experimentally. To this end, we have analysed a series of group 2 metallocenes [Ae(C5R5)2] (Ae = Be–Ba and R = H, Me, F, Cl, Br, and I) with a combination of computational methods, namely energy decomposition analysis (EDA), polarizability model (PM), and dispersion interaction densities (DIDs). Although the metal–ligand bonding nature is mainly an electrostatic interaction (65–78%), the covalent character is not negligible (33–22%). Notably, the heavier the metal center, the stronger the d-orbital interaction with a 50% contribution to the total covalent interaction. The dispersion interaction between the Cp ligands counts only for 1% of the interaction. Despite that orbital contributions become stronger for heavier metals, they never represent the energy main term. Instead, given the electrostatic nature of the metallocene bonds, we propose a model based on polarizability, which faithfully predicts the bending angle. Although dispersion interactions have a fair contribution to strengthen the bending angle, the polarizability plays a major role

An Innovative Methodology to Optimize Aerospace Eco-efficiency Assembly Processes

Sustainability and eco-efficiency have been researched in multiple scientific papers since the last years. However the literature is not so abundant when applying those concepts to industrial assembly processes. This paper presents an innovate methodology to optimize aerospace assembly processes. Authors propose the introduction of a new element, the eco-efficiency, along with the traditional criteria, cost and time, currently used for optimization. Using a large Aero-Structure as an industrial case of study, the methodology analyzes the eco-efficiency of an assembly process in connection with a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) to compute the environmental impact. Results are shown in a dashboard along with the relevant Key Process Indicator (KPI) to help the engineers to select the best assembly processEuropean Union (UE). H2020 DILECO 785367European Union H2020-EU.3.4.5.4-IT

Evidence of AlII Radical Addition to Benzene

Electrophilic AlIII species have long dominated the aluminum reactivity towards arenes. Recently, nucleophilic low-valent AlI aluminyl anions have showcased oxidative additions towards arenes C−C and/or C−H bonds. Herein, we communicate compelling evidence of an AlII radical addition reaction to the benzene ring. The electron reduction of a ligand stabilized precursor with KC8 in benzene furnishes a double addition to the benzene ring instead of a C−H bond activation, producing the corresponding cyclohexa-1,3(orl,4)-dienes as Birch-type reduction product. X-ray crystallographic analysis, EPR spectroscopy, and DFT results suggest this reactivity proceeds through a stable AlII radical intermediate, whose stability is a consequence of a rigid scaffold in combination with strong steric protection

Finnish Multi-Story Timber-Framed Apartment Buildings: Tampere Residents’ Perspectives

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