Kinder und Jugendliche als BNE-Multiplikator*innen an Berliner Schulen

KINDER UND JUGENDLICHE ALS BNE-MULTIPLIKATOR*INNEN AN BERLINER SCHULEN Kinder und Jugendliche als BNE-Multiplikator*innen an Berliner Schulen / Ihling, Almut (Rights reserved) ( -

Performance of the Alere i RSV assay for point-of-care detection of respiratory syncytial virus in children

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most important cause of severe acute respiratory tract infection in young children. Alere i RSV is a novel molecular rapid test which identifies respiratory syncytial virus in less than 13 min. Methods: We evaluated the clinical performance of the Alere i RSV assay in a pediatric point-of-care setting during winter season 2016 / 2017. Test results from 518 nasopharyngeal swab samples were compared to a real-time reverse transcription PCR reference standard. Results: The overall sensitivity and specificity of the Alere i RSV test assay was 93% (CI95 89% – 96%) and 96% (CI95 93% – 98%), respectively. Alere i RSV performed well in children of all age groups. An optimal sensitivity of 98% (CI95 94% - 100%) and specificity of 96% (CI95 90% - 99%) was obtained in children < 6 months. In children ≥ 2 years, sensitivity and specificity remained at 87% (CI95 73% – 96%) and 98% (CI95 92% – 100%), respectively. False negative Alere i RSV test results mostly occurred in samples with low viral load (mean CT value 31.1; CI95 29.6 – 32.6). The Alere i RSV assay is easy to use and can be operated after minimal initial training. Test results are available within 13 min, with most RSV positive samples being identified after approximately 5 min. Conclusion: The Alere i RSV assay has the potential to facilitate the detection of RSV in pediatric point-of-care settings

Altersdatierung und Denitrifikation an Grundwassermessstellen: Bewertung der Denitrifikationspotentiale im Grundwasserleiter und der Grundwasserverweilzeiten im Zusammenhang mit den vorhandenen Nitratbelastungen im Grundwasser des Freistaates Sachsen

Die Schriftenreihe „Altersdatierung und Denitrifikation an Grundwassermessstellen“ informiert über die Auswertung der im Zeitraum von 2019 bis 2020 gewonnenen Stickstoffexzessdaten mittels N2-Ar-Methode, Tritium-Helium-Altersdaten im Grundwasser und hydrochemischen Messreihen. Die Auswertung dient dazu, die Evaluierung der Denitrifikationspotenziale in den Grundwasserleitern ausgewählter staatlicher Grundwassermessstellen unter dem Gesichtspunkt der vorherrschenden Nitratbelastungssituation im Grundwasser zu forcieren. Die räumliche Interpretation des untersuchten Datenbestandes ergab für die Landnutzungsform Ackerland die höchsten Nitratkonzentrationen und Denitrifikationsraten. Die Auswertung der Grundwasseraltersdaten mittels Tritium-Helium-Methode ergab für zirka 50 % der Grundwassermessstellen eine mittlere Verweilzeit des Grundwassers von 5 – 20 Jahren. Die Veröffentlichung richtet sich an Fach- und Vollzugsbehörden, an das interessierte Fachpersonal der Wasserversorgungsunternehmen sowie an Ingenieurbüros, die mit der Planung und Durchführung von Altersdatierungen im Grundwasser und der Bestimmung des Denitrifikationspotenzials im Grundwasserleiter betraut sind. Redaktionsschluss: 22.12.202

assessment of pd 1 pd l1 colocalization in hepatocellular carcinoma hcc using bright field double labeling and quantitative digital image analysis

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Reconstitution of 3′ end processing of mammalian pre-mRNA reveals a central role of RBBP6

The 3′ ends of almost all eukaryotic mRNAs are generated in an essential two-step processing reaction: endonucleolytic cleavage of an extended precursor followed by the addition of a poly(A) tail. By reconstituting the reaction from overproduced and purified proteins, we provide a minimal list of 14 polypeptides that are essential and two that are stimulatory for RNA processing. In a reaction depending on the polyadenylation signal AAUAAA, the reconstituted system cleaves pre-mRNA at a single preferred site corresponding to the one used in vivo. Among the proteins, cleavage factor I stimulates cleavage but is not essential, consistent with its prominent role in alternative polyadenylation. RBBP6 is required, with structural data showing it to contact and presumably activate the endonuclease CPSF73 through its DWNN domain. The C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II is dispensable. ATP, but not its hydrolysis, supports RNA cleavage by binding to the hClp1 subunit of cleavage factor II with submicromolar affinity

Acidic Environment Leads to ROS-Induced MAPK Signaling in Cancer Cells

Tumor micromilieu often shows pronounced acidosis forcing cells to adapt their phenotype towards enhanced tumorigenesis induced by altered cellular signalling and transcriptional regulation. In the presents study mechanisms and potential consequences of the crosstalk between extra- and intracellular pH (pHe, pHi) and mitogen-activated-protein-kinases (ERK1/2, p38) was analyzed. Data were obtained mainly in AT1 R-3327 prostate carcinoma cells, but the principle importance was confirmed in 5 other cell types. Extracellular acidosis leads to a rapid and sustained decrease of pHi in parallel to p38 phosphorylation in all cell types and to ERK1/2 phosphorylation in 3 of 6 cell types. Furthermore, p38 phosphorylation was elicited by sole intracellular lactacidosis at normal pHe. Inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphorylation during acidosis led to necrotic cell death. No evidence for the involvement of the kinases c-SRC, PKC, PKA, PI3K or EGFR nor changes in cell volume in acidosis-induced MAPK activation was obtained. However, our data reveal that acidosis enhances the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), probably originating from mitochondria, which subsequently trigger MAPK phosphorylation. Scavenging of ROS prevented acidosis-induced MAPK phosphorylation whereas addition of H2O2 enhanced it. Finally, acidosis increased phosphorylation of the transcription factor CREB via p38, leading to increased transcriptional activity of a CRE-reporter even 24 h after switching the cells back to a normal environmental milieu. Thus, an acidic tumor microenvironment can induce a longer lasting p38-CREB-medited change in the transcriptional program, which may maintain the altered phenotype even when the cells leave the tumor environment

The respiratory molybdo-selenoprotein formate dehydrogenases of Escherichia coli have hydrogen: benzyl viologen oxidoreductase activity

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Escherichia coli </it>synthesizes three membrane-bound molybdenum- and selenocysteine-containing formate dehydrogenases, as well as up to four membrane-bound [NiFe]-hydrogenases. Two of the formate dehydrogenases (Fdh-N and Fdh-O) and two of the hydrogenases (Hyd-1 and Hyd-2) have their respective catalytic subunits located in the periplasm and these enzymes have been shown previously to oxidize formate and hydrogen, respectively, and thus function in energy metabolism. Mutants unable to synthesize the [NiFe]-hydrogenases retain a H₂: benzyl viologen oxidoreductase activity. The aim of this study was to identify the enzyme or enzymes responsible for this activity.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Here we report the identification of a new H₂: benzyl viologen oxidoreductase enzyme activity in <it>E. coli </it>that is independent of the [NiFe]-hydrogenases. This enzyme activity was originally identified after non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and visualization of hydrogen-oxidizing activity by specific staining. Analysis of a crude extract derived from a variety of <it>E. coli </it>mutants unable to synthesize any [NiFe]-hydrogenase-associated enzyme activity revealed that the mutants retained this specific hydrogen-oxidizing activity. Enrichment of this enzyme activity from solubilised membrane fractions of the hydrogenase-negative mutant FTD147 by ion-exchange, hydrophobic interaction and size-exclusion chromatographies followed by mass spectrometric analysis identified the enzymes Fdh-N and Fdh-O. Analysis of defined mutants devoid of selenocysteine biosynthetic capacity or carrying deletions in the genes encoding the catalytic subunits of Fdh-N and Fdh-O demonstrated that both enzymes catalyze hydrogen activation. Fdh-N and Fdh-O can also transfer the electrons derived from oxidation of hydrogen to other redox dyes.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The related respiratory molybdo-selenoproteins Fdh-N and Fdh-O of <it>Escherichia coli </it>have hydrogen-oxidizing activity. These findings demonstrate that the energy-conserving selenium- and molybdenum-dependent formate dehydrogenases Fdh-N and Fdh-O exhibit a degree of promiscuity with respect to the electron donor they use and identify a new class of dihydrogen-oxidizing enzyme.</p

Grundwasser - Altlasten Aktuell

Die Schriftenreihe gibt in 11 Fachbeiträgen die Ergebnisse aktueller Projekte und Forschungsvorhaben des LfULG wieder. Die Themen sind breit gefächert und beinhalten beim Grundwasser die Nitratbelastung an der Wasserfassung Diehsa, das Vorhaben eines digitalen Hydroisohypsenplanes in Sachsen, Sensor- und Thermo-Flowmetermessungen für den Ersatz von Grundwasseraufschlüssen sowie Informationen zum Projekt KLIWES mit Abschätzung der Auswirkungen der Klimaveränderungen auf den Wasserhaushalt in Sachsen. Die Themen des Altlastenbereiches umfassen neben dem Sächsischen Altlastenkataster die Schwerpunkte Sickerwasserprognose, Resorptionsverfügbarkeit von Schadstoffen aus Böden der Erzgebirgsregion, die Flutung der Grube Königstein und Informationen zum Projekt SUMATECS zur Anwendung sanfter Sanierungsverfahren. Die Vernetzung der einzelnen Fachdisziplinen wie z. B. bei Klimaänderungen oder der EU-Wasserrahmenrichtlinie (WRRL) spielt dabei eine immer größer werdende Rolle. »Grundwasser - Altlasten aktuell« erscheint mit dieser Ausgabe erstmals als Heft der Schriftenreihe

Wassertemperaturen und Klimawandel

Um statistische Zusammenhänge zwischen Lufttemperatur und Wassertemperatur zu analysieren, wurden zunächst in einer Vorstudie alle kurzfristig verfügbaren Temperaturmessungen in Oberflächengewässern sowie im Boden-, Sicker- und Grundwasser gesammelt, fehlerbereinigt und in Datenbanken zusammengeführt. Die erzeugten 600.000 Datensätze können direkt mit Daten zu Lufttemperatur, Sonnenscheindauer oder globaler Strahlung aus naheliegenden Wetterstationen verknüpft und somit für künftige Auswertungen genutzt werden. Die Prüfung unterschiedlicher Wassertemperaturmodelle hat gezeigt, dass sich für eine sachsenweite Analyse zur Abschätzung der Auswirkung des Klimawandels auf Wassertemperaturen die einfacheren statistischen Methoden aufgrund ihrer Datenverfügbarkeit eher eignen als die fachlich genauer erscheinenden komplexen Modelle mit Berechnungen zu Energiehaushalt und Wärmeaustausch von Gewässern. In Heft 40/2011 der Schriftenreihe werden die Zusammenhänge der klimawandelbedingten Lufttemperaturänderungen auf die Wassertemperaturen analysiert und detailliert dargestellt

Quantitative analysis of denatured collagen by collagenase digestion and subsequent MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry

Abstract Collagens are the most abundant proteins in vertebrate tissues and constitute significant moieties of the extracellular matrix (ECM). The determination of the collagen content is of relevance not only in the field of native tissue research, but also regarding the quality assessment of bioengineered tissues. Here, we describe a quantitative method to assess small amounts of collagen based on MALDI-TOF (matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionization time-of-flight) mass spectrometry (MS) subsequent to digestion of collagen with clostridial collagenase (clostridiopeptidase A) in order to obtain characteristic oligopeptides. Among the resulting peptides, Gly-Pro-Hyp, which is highly indicative of collagen, has been used to assess the amount of collagen by comparing the Gly-ProHyp peak intensities with the intensities of a spiked tripeptide (Arg-Gly-Asp). The approach presented herein is both simple and convenient and allows the determination of collagen in microgram quantities. In tissue samples such as cartilage, the actual collagen content has additionally been determined for comparative purposes by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy subsequent to acidic hydrolysis. Both methods give consistent data within an experimental error of ±10%. Although the differentiation of the different collagen types cannot be achieved by this approach, the overall collagen contents of tissues can be easily determined