9 research outputs found
A randomised comparison of deferasirox versus deferoxamine for the treatment of transfusional iron overload in sickle cell disease
Deferasirox is a once-daily, oral iron chelator developed for treating transfusional iron overload. Preclinical studies indicated that the kidney was a potential target organ of toxicity. As patients with sickle cell disease often have abnormal baseline renal function, the primary objective of this randomised, open-label, phase II trial was to evaluate the safety and tolerability of deferasirox in comparison with deferoxamine in this population. Assessment of efficacy, as measured by change in liver iron concentration (LIC) using biosusceptometry, was a secondary objective. A total of 195 adult and paediatric patients received deferasirox (n = 132) or deferoxamine (n = 63). Adverse events most commonly associated with deferasirox were mild, including transient nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain and skin rash. Abnormal laboratory studies with deferasirox were occasionally associated with mild non-progressive increases in serum creatinine and reversible elevations in liver function tests. Discontinuation rates from deferasirox (11·4%) and deferoxamine (11·1%) were similar. Over 1 year, similar dose-dependent LIC reductions were observed with deferasirox and deferoxamine. Once-daily oral deferasirox has acceptable tolerability and appears to have similar efficacy to deferoxamine in reducing iron burden in transfused patients with sickle cell disease
Is renal medullary carcinoma the seventh nephropathy in sickle cell disease? A multi-center Nigerian survey
Introduction: Previous studies had enlisted renal medullary carcinoma (RMC) as the seventh nephropathy in sickle cell disease (SCD). Clinical experience has contradicted this claim and this study is targeted at refuting or supporting this assumption.Objective: To estimate the prevalence of RMC and describe other renal complications in SCD.Materials and methods: 14 physicians (haematologists and urologists) in 11 tertiary institutions across the country were collated from patientsâ case notes and hospital SCD registers.Results: Of the 3,596 registered sickle patients, 2 (0.056%) had been diagnosed with RMC over a ten year period, thereby giving an estimated prevalence rate of 5.6 per 100,000. The most common renal complication reported by the attending physicians was chronic kidney disease (CKD). The frequency of routine renal screening for SCD patients varied widely between centres â most were done at diagnosis, annually or bi-annually.Conclusion: The ten year prevalence of RMC in Nigerian SCD patients was determined to be 5.6 (estimated incidence of 0.56). RMC is not more common in SCD patients and therefore cannot be regarded as a âSeventh Sickle nephropathyâ. Most of the managing physicians reported that the commonest nephropathy observed in their SCD patients was chronic kidney disease.Keywords: Renal medullary carcinoma, seventh nephropathy, sickle cell disease, Nigerian surve
Is renal medullary carcinoma the seventh nephropathy in sickle cell disease? A multi-center Nigerian survey.
Introduction: Previous studies had enlisted renal medullary carcinoma
(RMC) as the seventh nephropathy in sickle cell disease (SCD). Clinical
experience has contradicted this claim and this study is targeted at
refuting or supporting this assumption. Objective: To estimate the
prevalence of RMC and describe other renal complications in SCD.
Materials and methods: 14 physicians (haematologists and urologists) in
11 tertiary institutions across the country were collated from
patients\u2019 case notes and hospital SCD registers. Results: Of the
3,596 registered sickle patients, 2 (0.056%) had been diagnosed with
RMC over a ten year period, thereby giving an estimated prevalence rate
of 5.6 per 100,000. The most common renal complication reported by the
attending physicians was chronic kidney disease (CKD). The frequency of
routine renal screening for SCD patients varied widely between centres
\u2013 most were done at diagnosis, annually or bi-annually.
Conclusion: The ten year prevalence of RMC in Nigerian SCD patients was
determined to be 5.6 (estimated incidence of 0.56). RMC is not more
common in SCD patients and therefore cannot be regarded as a
\u201cSeventh Sickle nephropathy\u201d. Most of the managing
physicians reported that the commonest nephropathy observed in their
SCD patients was chronic kidney disease
Steady state haemoglobin level increases with the proportion of erythrocyte membrane n-3 fatty acids in sickle cell anaemia
Previous studies indicate that perturbation of erythrocyte and/or plasma lipids occurs in homozygous sickle cell disease (SCD), and treatment with n-3 fatty acids (FA) is beneficial to affected individuals (Tomer et al, Thromb Haemost 2001; 966â974). Phosphatidylserine has a role in sickle erythrocyte-endothelial adhesion, which contributes to vessel occlusion in SCD (Setty et al, Blood 2002; 1564â1571). Considering that n-3 and n-6 FA are essential structural and functional components of the red cell membrane, the objective of this study was to find out if abnormalities of these FA affect the degree of anaemia in SCD. We recruited 43 HbSS patients and 43 racially-matched, healthy, HbAA controls living in the same environment; analysed the fatty acid composition of erythrocyte membrane choline (CPG), serine (SPG) and ethanolamine (EPG) phosphoglycerides and sphingomyelin (SPM); and sought for relationship between steady-state Hb level in SCD and the proportion of n-3 FA in the red cell membrane. HbSS individuals had high levels of adrenic and docosapentanoic acids in CPG, EPG, SPG (p<0.001), and SPM (p<0.05). Arachidonic acid (AA) was increased in CPG (p<0.001) and EPG (p<0.005) of the patients. In contrast, linoleic acid (LA) was low in patients' CPG, EPG, SPG and SPM (p<0.001). Both LA and AA were reduced in plasma CPG, triglycerides and cholesterol esters of SCD patients. There was significant positive correlation between steady-state Hb level and n-3 FA content of erythrocytes: docosahexaenoic (DHA, p<0.01, r = 0.63) and eicosapentanoic (EPA) acids in red cell CPG, and EPA in EPG (p<0.05, r = 0.60); figs. 1&2. The observed high AA with low DHA/EPA levels favour red cell adherence to vascular endothelium and vaso-occlusion. The data suggest that in SCD: synthesis of AA and/or membrane uptake of LA and AA may be abnormal; increased proportions of erythrocyte membrane DHA and EPA confer some resistance to haemolysis
Blood mononuclear cells and platelets have abnormal fatty acid composition in homozygous sickle cell disease
Leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelium contributes to vaso-occlusion and widespread organ damage in sickle cell disease (SCD). Previously, we found high expression of the adhesion molecules αMÎČ2 integrin and L-selectin in HbSS individuals with severe disease. The n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (FA) are vital structural and functional components of cell and sub-cellular membranes. They modulate cell adhesion, inflammation, aggregation and vascular tone. We investigated the FA composition of mononuclear cells (MNC) and platelets of HbSS patients in steady-state (n = 28); and racially matched, healthy HbAA controls (n = 13). MNC phospholipids of the patients had low levels of docosahexanoic acid (DHA, p<0.01), n-3 metabolites (p<0.05) and total n-3 polyunsaturated FA (p<0.05); table 1. In contrast, arachidonic (AA, p<0.005), AA:DHA ratio (p<0.005, fig 1) and total n-6 metabolites (p<0.05) were increased in the patients. Similarly, platelets from HbSS patients had low levels of eicosapentanoic acid (EPA, p<0.05), and raised AA (p<0.05) in choline phosphoglycerides (CPG); with reduced linoleic acid (LA, p<0.005) and DHA (p<0.05) in ethanolamine phosphoglycerides. Platelet CPG had lower DHA levels in HbSS individuals with complications of SCD compared to those who had no complications (p<0.05, fig.2). Reduced EPA and DHA relative to AA favours the production of aggregatory and pro-inflmmatory eicosanoids that activate leukocytes and platelets. This may lead to enhanced inflammation, leukocyte adhesion, platelet aggregation and vaso-occlusion in SCD.
Table 1: Fatty Acid Composition of MNC Total Phospholipids in HbSS Patients and HbAA Controls
Fatty Acids
HbSS Patients
HbAA Controls
24:0
0.71 [0.30]***
1.3 [0.4]
saturates â
38.2 [3.6]
39.1 [1.7]
16:1
0.69 [0.45]
0.56 [0.11]
18:1
14.4 [1.8]*
12.9 [1.9]
24:1
1.2 [0.3]
1.1 [0.4]
âmonoenes
16.2 [2.1]**
14.3 [1.4]
18:2n-6
6.1 [0.9]
7.0 [1.4]
18:3n-6
0.11 [0.04]*
0.23 [0.17]
20:2n-6
0.56 [0.18]**
0.83 [0.32]
20:3n-6 (DHGLA)
1.2 [0.2]*
1.4 [0.2]
20:4n-6
20.2 [1.7]***
18.1 [1.8]
22:4n-6
1.7 [0.4]
1.6 [0.4]
22:5n-6
0.3 [0.21]
0.24 [0.14]
n-6 metabolites â
24.1 [1.9]*
22.6 [1.7]
n-6 â
30.2 [2.0]
29.7 [2.2]
20:5n-3 (EPA)
0.43 [0.16]
0.61 [0.35]
22:6n-3 (DHA)
1.9 [0.4]**
2.5 [0.6]
ân-3metabolites
4.3 [0.9]*
4.8 [0.4]
n-3 â
4.5 [0.9]*
5.0 [0.4]
DHGLA:AA ratio
0.06 [0.01]****
0.08 [0.01]
AA:EPA ratio
52.4 [20.9]
38.6 [18.4]
Values are Means [SD}. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.005, ****p<0.00
Relationship between the clinical manifestations of sickle cell disease and the expression of adhesion molecules on white blood cells
Abstract D034: Patient and provider concordance and trust in providers among West African Immigrants: Findings from the CaPTC Familial Cohort Study
Background Healthcare disparities among racial and ethnic groups have been well
documented across all aspects of clinical healthcare, and disparities in attainment of
preventive services are particularly prevalent. African immigrants may be particularly
susceptible to factors that contribute to healthcare disparities but little is known about
this population. The purpose of this study was to assess patient-provider concordance
and trust of health care providers among West African immigrants in the US. In addition,
we explored the relationship between these variables and the prostate cancer (CaP)
screening behavior of participants. Methods Data collection was part of a global study of
prostate cancer in West African men. A study questionnaire was used to collect data
from West African male immigrants in the US between the ages of 35 and 70 years.
Survey scales for this study included country of birth, years since immigration, patientâ
provider concordance, trust of healthcare provider, attitude and cues towards CaP
screening (PSA and DRE), and CaP screening history. Results There were 38 African
immigrants from Cameroon, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, and Ghana. Participantsâ average
age was 46.2 years and they had spent an average of 13.9 years in the US. Most of the
participants (over 60%) stated that they had no preference in regards to their provider
race, ethnicity or gender. Over 70% indicated that their physician was of different
ethnicity and race while 50% indicated that their physician was of a different gender.
Furthermore, most respondents noted that they trusted their physicians with health
decisions. However, 61% and 68% of participants did not complete PSA or DRE testing,
respectively. Most stated that they did not discuss the advantages or disadvantages of
prostate cancer screening with their physicians, noting they mostly received cues to
getting tested from reading information, radio, and/or TV. Conclusion Although health
disparities can be explained by socioeconomic status such as lack of insurance and
various other observable impediments to accessing health care, others barriers persist.
It is important to explore other contributing factors such as patient-physician
relationships. This study suggests that patient-provider concordance may not be a
priority. Emphasis should be placed on encouraging physician-initiated discussion on
CaP screening. Unfortunately, current physician guidelines do not stress CaP screening
and fail to account for the documented increased risk and early onset of CaP in Black Men