Сибирский щит Волжской твердыни

On the fundamental work “The Siberian Shield of the Volga Stronghold”, telling about the contribution of the Siberians and the Far-Easterns to the defeat of Nazi invaders and their Hungarian, Romanian, Italian satellites and the Spanish “Blue Division” on the banks of Volga, the Great Russian River.О фундаментальном труде «Сибирский щит Волжской твердыни», повествующем о вкладе сибиряков и дальневосточников в разгром гитлеровских захватчиков и их венгерских, румынских, итальянских сателлитов и испанской «Голубой дивизии» на берегах великой русской реки Волги

Сибиряки - защитники и победители

Review of publication "Siberians in the battle for Moscow", which is part of the anthology "Tobolsk, and the whole of Siberia", published by the Public Charitable Foundation "Revival of Tobolsk."Обзор издания «Сибиряки в битве за Москву», входящего в состав альманаха «Тобольск и вся Сибирь», выпущенного Общественным благотворительным фондом «Возрождение Тобольска»

«К державной славе земли прибавив…»: история казачества в сибирском альманахе

On the release of volume XIV of the almanac “Tobolsk and all Siberia”, dedicated to the history of the Siberian Cossacks. The edition contains little-known facts and historical documents, prominent representatives of Cossack outlaws are also mentioned.Рассказывается о выпуске XIV тома альманаха «Тобольск и вся Сибирь», посвященного истории Сибирского казачества. В издании приводятся малоизвестные факты и исторические документы, упоминаются видные представители казацкой вольницы

«Сибирь обильна и полна сокровищ редких, благородных...»

The author tells about a new publishing project of the well-known Russian Maecenas and bibliophile Arcadiy Elfimov, continues to return forgotten book rarities to a modern reader, to literary miscellany “Tobolsk and all Siberia”, numbering 13 issues. The appendix in the form of restored library of the Siberian writers is added. The first four volumes have already been published. This project is a result of serious archeographic researches, which have revealed the new archives and documents.Рассказывается о новом издательском проекте известного российского мецената и библиофила Аркадия Елфимова, продолжающего возвращать современному читателю забытые книжные раритеты. К уже снискавшему славную репутацию альманаху «Тобольск и вся Сибирь», насчитывающему 13 выпусков, добавляется приложение в виде возрождаемой библиотеки сибирских писателей, первые четыре тома которой вышли в свет. Этот проект стал результатом серьезных археографических изысканий, выявивших новые архивные фонды и документы

ХРОМАТОМАСС-СПЕКТРОМЕТРИЧЕСКАЯ ИДЕНТИФИКАЦИЯ ПРОДУКТОВ ЭЛЕКТРОХИМИЧЕСКИХ ПРЕВРАЩЕНИЙ КРЕЗОКСИМ-МЕТИЛА В РАСТВОРАХ

The products of electrochemical transformations of organic compounds are similar in many aspects to the products of their chemical reactions. The information on the nature and the formation mechanisms of such products is important for pesticides because this allows characterizing the mechanisms of their decomposition in the soil, aquatic environments and plants. A set of electrochemical processes involving such pesticide of the strobilurin class as kresoxim-methyl [methyl (E)-2- methoxyimino-2-(2-(o-tolyloxymethyl)­phenyl)acetate] in its solution in aqueous organic medium [mixture of an aqueous solution of ammonium formate (pH 7.4) and acetonitrile (3: 1 v/v)] with the concentration of 100 mg/mL, and the results of chromatomass-spectrometric identification (HPLC-ESI-MS-MS) of the formed products were considered. It has been revealed that hydrolysis products predominate in the mixture of the kresoxim-methyl electrolysis products, including corresponding carboxylic acid and such demethylation products as oximes. Kresoxim-methyl oxidation products, such as the corresponding hydroxamic acid, have been detected in small amounts only. At the same time, the reduction products – amines, most likely formed from oximes, – have been identified. Keeping in mind the restricted information content of the HPLC-ESI-MS-MS method for establishing the structure of the previously uncharacterized analytes, the method of comparing the relative intensities of the peaks of reaction mixture constituents detected in the positive and negative ionization modes was used in identification of the products of electrochemical transformations. The signals of the protonated amines predominate in the first case, while in the second case the compounds containing carboxyl groups ionized at pH 7.4 are detected.Keywords: Pesticides, kresoxim-methyl, electrochemical processes, hydrolysis, oxidation and reduction, identification of products DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2018.22.3.009(Russian)Tatiana I. Pushkareva, Sergey S. Ermakov, Igor G. Zenkevich,    St. Petersburg State University,Universitetskii prosp., 26, St. Petersburg, 198504, Russian FederationПродукты электрохимических превращений органических соединений во многом аналогичны продуктам химических реакций с их участием. Информация о природе и механизмах образования таких продуктов важна для пестицидов, так как позволяет охарактеризовать механизмы их распада в почве, водных средах и растениях. В настоящей работе рассмотрена совокупность электрохимических процессов с участием такого пестицида класса стробилуринов как крезоксим-метил [метил (Е)-2-метоксиимино-[2-(2-метилфеноксиметил)­фенил]ацетат] в его растворе с концентрацией 100 мкг/мл в водно-органической среде [смесь водного раствора формиата аммония (рН = 7.4) и ацетонитрила (3 : 1 по объему)] и результаты хромато-масс-спектрометрической идентификации (ВЭЖХ-ЭР-МС-МС) образующихся продуктов. Установлено, что в смеси продуктов электролиза крезоксим-метила преобладают продукты гидролиза, в том числе, соответствующая карбоновая кислота и такие продукты деметилирования как оксимы. Продукты окисления крезоксим-метила, например, соответствующая гидроксамовая кислота, обнаружены  лишь в незначительных количествах. В то же время в смеси продуктов трансформации крезоксим-метила  найдены продукты восстановления – амины, наиболее вероятно получающиеся из таких продуктов гидролиза крезоксим-метила как оксимы. Из-за ограниченной  информативности  метода ВЭЖХ-ЭР-МС-МС при установлении  структуры ранее не охарактеризованных аналитов, для идентификации продуктов электрохимических превращений крезоксим-метила был использован такой прием, как сравнение относительных интенсивностей пиков компонентов реакционных смесей при регистрации положительно и отрицательно заряженных ионов. В первом случае преобладают сигналы протонированных аминов, а во втором – соединений, содержащих ионизированные при рН = 7.4 карбоксильные группы.Ключевые слова: пестициды, крезоксим-метил, электрохимические процессы, гидролиз, окисление и восстановление, идентификация продуктовDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2018.22.3.00

The first record of natural transfer of mitochondrial DNA from Pelophylax cf. bedriagae into P. lessonae (Amphibia, Anura)

The unidirectional natural transfer of mitochondrial (mt) DNA from Pelophylax lessonae into P. ridibundus is a common phenomenon in central Europe. Cases of mtDNA exchange between P. lessonae and other non-clonal species of the genus Pelophylax have been unknown so far. In this paper, we describe the first case of mtDNA transfer from P. cf. bedriagae into P. lessonae, which was found in National Park «Smolny», Republic of Mordovia, Russia

Global, regional, and national incidence and mortality for HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria during 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013

BACKGROUND: The Millennium Declaration in 2000 brought special global attention to HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria through the formulation of Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 6. The Global Burden of Disease 2013 study provides a consistent and comprehensive approach to disease estimation for between 1990 and 2013, and an opportunity to assess whether accelerated progress has occured since the Millennium Declaration. METHODS: To estimate incidence and mortality for HIV, we used the UNAIDS Spectrum model appropriately modified based on a systematic review of available studies of mortality with and without antiretroviral therapy (ART). For concentrated epidemics, we calibrated Spectrum models to fit vital registration data corrected for misclassification of HIV deaths. In generalised epidemics, we minimised a loss function to select epidemic curves most consistent with prevalence data and demographic data for all-cause mortality. We analysed counterfactual scenarios for HIV to assess years of life saved through prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) and ART. For tuberculosis, we analysed vital registration and verbal autopsy data to estimate mortality using cause of death ensemble modelling. We analysed data for corrected case-notifications, expert opinions on the case-detection rate, prevalence surveys, and estimated cause-specific mortality using Bayesian meta-regression to generate consistent trends in all parameters. We analysed malaria mortality and incidence using an updated cause of death database, a systematic analysis of verbal autopsy validation studies for malaria, and recent studies (2010-13) of incidence, drug resistance, and coverage of insecticide-treated bednets. FINDINGS: Globally in 2013, there were 1·8 million new HIV infections (95% uncertainty interval 1·7 million to 2·1 million), 29·2 million prevalent HIV cases (28·1 to 31·7), and 1·3 million HIV deaths (1·3 to 1·5). At the peak of the epidemic in 2005, HIV caused 1·7 million deaths (1·6 million to 1·9 million). Concentrated epidemics in Latin America and eastern Europe are substantially smaller than previously estimated. Through interventions including PMTCT and ART, 19·1 million life-years (16·6 million to 21·5 million) have been saved, 70·3% (65·4 to 76·1) in developing countries. From 2000 to 2011, the ratio of development assistance for health for HIV to years of life saved through intervention was US$4498 in developing countries. Including in HIV-positive individuals, all-form tuberculosis incidence was 7·5 million (7·4 million to 7·7 million), prevalence was 11·9 million (11·6 million to 12·2 million), and number of deaths was 1·4 million (1·3 million to 1·5 million) in 2013. In the same year and in only individuals who were HIV-negative, all-form tuberculosis incidence was 7·1 million (6·9 million to 7·3 million), prevalence was 11·2 million (10·8 million to 11·6 million), and number of deaths was 1·3 million (1·2 million to 1·4 million). Annualised rates of change (ARC) for incidence, prevalence, and death became negative after 2000. Tuberculosis in HIV-negative individuals disproportionately occurs in men and boys (versus women and girls); 64·0% of cases (63·6 to 64·3) and 64·7% of deaths (60·8 to 70·3). Globally, malaria cases and deaths grew rapidly from 1990 reaching a peak of 232 million cases (143 million to 387 million) in 2003 and 1·2 million deaths (1·1 million to 1·4 million) in 2004. Since 2004, child deaths from malaria in sub-Saharan Africa have decreased by 31·5% (15·7 to 44·1). Outside of Africa, malaria mortality has been steadily decreasing since 1990. INTERPRETATION: Our estimates of the number of people living with HIV are 18·7% smaller than UNAIDS's estimates in 2012. The number of people living with malaria is larger than estimated by WHO. The number of people living with HIV, tuberculosis, or malaria have all decreased since 2000. At the global level, upward trends for malaria and HIV deaths have been reversed and declines in tuberculosis deaths have accelerated. 101 countries (74 of which are developing) still have increasing HIV incidence. Substantial progress since the Millennium Declaration is an encouraging sign of the effect of global action. FUNDING: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

The active working shoot modeling profile of the centrifugal microturbine

For the small distributed power, microturbines of electric 30-500 kW capacity are used: gas piston engines, gas and steam turbines, each of which has certain advantages and disadvantages. In the work, the active working blade profile is simulated for a single-stage, two-stream, centripetal microturbine, in order to determine the optimum profile design satisfying the reliability conditions and economy. The basis is a humidsteam microturbine of a horizontal electric version with a capacity of 30 kW. The initial data for software simulation were the microturbineactive stage characteristics, determined by the steam turbines calculation traditional methods

The active working shoot modeling profile of the centrifugal microturbine

For the small distributed power, microturbines of electric 30-500 kW capacity are used: gas piston engines, gas and steam turbines, each of which has certain advantages and disadvantages. In the work, the active working blade profile is simulated for a single-stage, two-stream, centripetal microturbine, in order to determine the optimum profile design satisfying the reliability conditions and economy. The basis is a humidsteam microturbine of a horizontal electric version with a capacity of 30 kW. The initial data for software simulation were the microturbineactive stage characteristics, determined by the steam turbines calculation traditional methods

A 1mM SIS receiver utilizing different intermediate frequency (IF) configurations

We present experimental studies of the noise performance of a prototype heterodyne SIS receiver operating at wavelengths of about 1mm. The receiver employs different 4-12GHz intermediate frequency amplification chain configurations: a standalone low noise amplifier (LNA), the LNA cascading with a cryogenic isolator, and a low noise balanced amplifier. From our experiments and measurements, we could conclude that the latter configuration demonstrates the best broadband noise performance. In fact, the receiver equipped with the balanced LNA does not have noticeable noise degradation caused by the IF hybrids of the balanced LNA scheme. Moreover, our results indicate that even broader IF bandwidth of the receivers could be prospectively reached using balanced LNAs in the IF amplification chain