ABORDAGEM DO FENÔMENO DA SUPERCONDUTIVIDADE NA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA

In this scientific work we present a proposal for an approach to Superconductivity in basic education. Our educational product was created to create an alternative format of a comic (ebook), whose purpose is to introduce the high school goal to the Superconductivity storyline of comic book students. We consider David Ausubel and Novak's significant learning concepts, Ive's Didactic Transposition and Johnson-Laird's mind maps. Our comic was developed from software in the Pixton line. This educational product was implemented in a pedagogical intervention with students of Technical High School in the concomitant modality of the Federal Institute of Amazonas – IFAM, in the middle of the pandemic COVID-19. The research had a qualitative, descriptive and exploratory approach. The results indicate the possibility of learning the phenomenon of Superconductivity of the mentioned comics.Neste trabalho científico apresentamos uma proposta de abordagem da Supercondutividade para educação básica. Nosso objetivo foi o de criar um produto educacional alternativo em formato de história em quadrinhos (e-book), cujo enredo visa apresentar e introduzir o fenômeno da Supercondutividade para os alunos do ensino médio. Levamos em consideração os pressupostos teóricos da aprendizagem significativa de David Ausubel e Novak, a Transposição Didática de Ives Chevallard e os mapas mentais de Johnson-Laird. Nossa história em quadrinho foi desenvolvida a partir do software on line Pixton. Este produto educacional foi implementado em uma intervenção pedagógica com alunos do ensino médio técnico na modalidade concomitante do Instituto Federal do Amazonas – IFAM, em meio a pandemia do COVID-19. A pesquisa teve um enfoque qualitativo, descritivo e exploratório. Os resultados sinalizam a viabilidade do aprendizado significativo do fenômeno da Supercondutividade a partir da utilização da referida história em quadrinhos

SEQUÊNCIA DIDÁTICA PARA O ENSINO MÉDIO SOBRE O TEMPO: BREVES IMPLICAÇÕES FILOSÓFICAS SOBRE O TEMPO E A TEORIA DA RELATIVIDADE RESTRITA

The Physics construction is endowed with Newton's, Maxwell's, Einstein’s, Schrödinger's relations, between others, however Physics is a Science that describes how phenomena vary in time, until then nothing is strange until realizing that the nature of time is unknown and one of the greatest mysteries of physics. What is known about time begins with philosophical reflections and has as its only consensual advance in the work of Einstein with his Special or Special Theory of Relativity. The purpose of this work is to present a historical and philosophical development going through reflections on the time of Aristotle, Saint Augustine, Galileo Galilei, Isaac Newton, Immanuel Kant, Bergson, Heidegger to Einstein's relativistic kinematics. This set of ideas and theories were organized through Novak's concept maps and the application of a Potentially Significant Teaching Unit (UEPS) for high school students.A construção Física é dotada de várias relações devido a Newton, Maxwell, Einstein, Schrödinger, entre outros, no entanto a Física é uma Ciência que descreve como os fenômenos variam no tempo, até então nada é estranho até perceber que a natureza do tempo é desconhecida e um dos maiores mistérios da Física. O que se conhece sobre o tempo começa nas reflexões filosóficas e tem como único avanço consensual no trabalho de Einstein com sua Teoria da Relatividade Restrita ou Especial. A proposta deste trabalho é apresentar um desenvolvimento histórico e filosófico perpassando por reflexões sobre o tempo de Aristóteles, Santo Agostinho, Galileu Galilei, Isaac Newton, Immanuel Kant, Bergson, Heidegger até a cinemática relativística de Einstein. Esse conjunto de ideias e teorias foram organizadas através de mapas conceituais de Novak e pela aplicação de uma Unidade de Ensino Potencialmente Significativa (UEPS) para alunos de Ensino médio

Non-contrast CT markers of intracerebral hematoma expansion : a reliability study

Objectives: We evaluated whether clinicians agree in the detection of non-contrast CT markers of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) expansion. Methods: From our local dataset, we randomly sampled 60 patients diagnosed with spontaneous ICH. Fifteen physicians and trainees (Stroke Neurology, Interventional and Diagnostic Neuroradiology) were trained to identify six density (Barras density, black hole, blend, hypodensity, fluid level, swirl) and three shape (Barras shape, island, satellite) expansion markers, using standardized definitions. Thirteen raters performed a second assessment. Inter and intra-rater agreement were measured using Gwet’s AC1, with a coefficient > 0.60 indicating substantial to almost perfect agreement. Results: Almost perfect inter-rater agreement was observed for the swirl (0.85, 95% CI: 0.78-0.90) and fluid level (0.84, 95% CI: 0.76-0.90) markers, while the hypodensity (0.67, 95% CI: 0.56-0.76) and blend (0.62, 95% CI: 0.51-0.71) markers showed substantial agreement. Inter-rater agreement was otherwise moderate, and comparable between density and shape markers. Inter-rater agreement was lower for the three markers that require the rater to identify one specific axial slice (Barras density, Barras shape, island: 0.46, 95% CI: 0.40-0.52 versus others: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.56-0.63). Inter-observer agreement did not differ when stratified for raters’ experience, hematoma location, volume or anticoagulation status. Intrarater agreement was substantial to almost perfect for all but the black hole marker. Conclusion: In a large sample of raters with different backgrounds and expertise levels, only four of nine non-contrast CT markers of ICH expansion showed substantial to almost perfect inter-rater agreement

Aspectos anatomopatológicos do paciente portador de Pneumonia: Anatomopathological aspects of the patient with Pneumonia

A pneumonia condiz a uma condensação inflamatória aguda dos alvéolos e/ou infiltração tecidual intersticial pulmonar que resulta da ação de células inflamatórias em resposta a injúrias de um determinado agente microbiano. A patologia conforme o local de aquisição, o padrão de comprometimento, o agente etiológico são determinantes para o quadro clínico, lesões e achados radiográficos. O seguinte artigo objetivou descrever através da revisão bibliográfica, os aspectos gerais da pneumonia com foco em abordar os aspectos anatomopatológicos desta enfermidade. Trata-se  de  um  estudo qualitativo  de  revisão  narrativa,  elaborado  para  abordar  sobre os aspectos anatomopatológicos do paciente portador de pneumonia.  É composta por uma análise ampla da literatura, e com uma metodologia rigorosa e replicável ao nível de reprodução de dados e questões quantitativas para resoluções específicas.  Conforme as informações disponíveis na literatura, elucida-se que os pulmões contam com um aparato de mecanismos de defesa. Mas, mediante injúrias e agentes agressores geram um desequilíbrios e posteriormente originam condições que favorecem doenças respiratórias. A pneumonia possui vários agentes etiológicos, e de acordo com este, distintos padrões de acometimento pulmonar e achados radiográficos irão se manifestar

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Should Magnetic Resonance Angiography Be Used for Screening of Intracranial Aneurysm in Adults with Sickle Cell Disease?

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) to detect silent cerebral infarcts. MR angiography (MRA) can identify arterial stenoses and intracranial aneurysms (ICANs) associated with SCD. In this study, we aimed to estimate the prevalence of ICANs in asymptomatic adult patients with SCD referred from the SCD clinic for routine screening by MRI/MRA using a 3T-MRI scanner. Findings were independently reviewed by two neuroradiologists. Between 2016 and 2020, 245 asymptomatic adults with SCD were stratified according to genotype (SS/S-β0thalassemia and SC/Sβ+). ICANs were found in 27 patients (11%; 0.95 CI: 8–16%). ICANs were more frequent in SS/S-β0thalassemia patients (20/118 or 17%; 0.95 CI: 11–25%) than in SC/βb+ patients (7/127 or 6%; 0.95 CI: 2–11%; p = 0.007). Individuals with SCD (particularly SS/S-β0thalassemia) have a higher prevalence of ICANs than the general population. We believe that MRA should be considered in the current American Society of Hematology guidelines, which already contain a recommendation for MRI at least once in adult SCD patients. However, the clinical significance of preventive treatment of unruptured aneurysms remains controversial