Unusual cases of product contamination by 'wandering' larvae of the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae): Poster

Upon hatching, the larvae of the Indian meal moth (IMM), Plodia interpunctella, disperse vigorously. Within a few hours, they establish themselves on the crevices of food or enter packaged product through small openings and cracks. When on food the larvae intensively feed in or near a tunnel-like case made of frass and silk they web together. The number of larval instars varies from five to seven, depending on temperature, humidity and available food quality. Most mature larvae leave the food medium and search for a suitable place to spin a cocoon in which they pupate or hibernating (diapause). At the end of larval development, the larvae usually chews a hole in a packaging foil, and leave the medium to pupate outside in corners and cracks and also behind items on walls. Fully grown larvae of the IMM may travel a considerable distance before pupating in a location that is frequently away from the larval food source. It will be proven and illustrated that during this time larvae the IMM may penetrate the packaging material of some household items that were not their food source. Unusual cases of product contamination by 'wandering' larvae will be described. Client claims are thus frequent as only a few larvae in a package with their webbing and frass are very repulsive to homeowners. Impact of product contamination by 'wandering' larvae of the IMM to the firm marketing the products will be discussed.Upon hatching, the larvae of the Indian meal moth (IMM), Plodia interpunctella, disperse vigorously. Within a few hours, they establish themselves on the crevices of food or enter packaged product through small openings and cracks. When on food the larvae intensively feed in or near a tunnel-like case made of frass and silk they web together. The number of larval instars varies from five to seven, depending on temperature, humidity and available food quality. Most mature larvae leave the food medium and search for a suitable place to spin a cocoon in which they pupate or hibernating (diapause). At the end of larval development, the larvae usually chews a hole in a packaging foil, and leave the medium to pupate outside in corners and cracks and also behind items on walls. Fully grown larvae of the IMM may travel a considerable distance before pupating in a location that is frequently away from the larval food source. It will be proven and illustrated that during this time larvae the IMM may penetrate the packaging material of some household items that were not their food source. Unusual cases of product contamination by 'wandering' larvae will be described. Client claims are thus frequent as only a few larvae in a package with their webbing and frass are very repulsive to homeowners. Impact of product contamination by 'wandering' larvae of the IMM to the firm marketing the products will be discussed

THE ROLE OF MUSIC IN CHURCH COMMUNITIES:A CASE OF A POLISH CHURCH COMMUNITY IN LONDON

Music has been intrinsically connected to culture, and it is virtually impossible to find any culture without music. The role of music cannot be studied or understood when taken out of a given context. Music has also been present in religious communities, especially exerting an enormous influence on worship practices in all Christian traditions. This study looks at a specific context of Polish church music in London a decade after Poland’s inclusion into European Community. Music appears to play a significant role in religious lives both in church and outside of the sacred contexts amongst Polish immigrants. The main aim of this research is to explore the role music fulfils in these immigrant communities. This will be achieved by looking at the functions of music, the meaning of music, and identities in music within these church communities. Through the employment of mixed methods, this research aspired to clarify the connections between the functions, the meanings, and the identities. It described a case of a church community, and its congregants’ music participation, in the Polish church in North London. The main fieldwork of the study was one Catholic parish around which the musical activities took place. The research questions related to the functions, meaning and identities were explored quantitatively and qualitatively. From the quantitative point of view, the study employed a survey. 78 Polish church attendees answered a questionnaire about the role of music in church communities. The findings suggest a close relation between music and religion for the church attendees and that Polish church music might contribute to the continuity and stability of culture and the sustenance of the ethnic identity. The qualitative part employs the data collected from the interviews with 31 interviewees conducted individually and in groups. Some valid data from observations of the church choir and the liturgical music workshops are also used to explain the relation between musical experiences and identity. The interview findings reveal high musical engagement amongst participants at services, church choirs, or liturgical music workshops. The study shows that music can fulfil various functions from the sociopsychological perspective. Such functions as emotional expression, integration of the society or validating of social institutions and religious rituals pervade the research. Some new functions such as prayer facilitation and induction of ineffable experiences are also suggested. Furthermore, the role of music in the church is studied through the construction of musical meaning and identities. The emergence of different identities is quite evident within the communities of musical practice, where the shared language, music and practice boost the sense of belonging. The findings suggest the emergence of postnational group identities and identities in music in the context of an immigrant church. This research shows a dynamic picture of the role of music in a migrant church in London. Although limited to this particular sample, it suggests some practical implications, such as the need for a more professional attitude towards music in churches, which should be addressed by the church authority and the laity alike. Thus, for the church’s musical potential to be realised, good music leadership and good soil for the formation of communities of musical practice in local churches need to be provided

From the communist doctrine of media to free media. The concept of a new information order in the Round Table Agreements

praca recenzowana / peer-reviewed pape

The Mechanisms Shaping the Repertoire of CD4(+)Foxp3(+) Regulatory T Cells

Regulatory T (Treg) cells expressing Foxp3 transcription factor control homeostasis of the immune system, antigenic responses to commensal and pathogenic microbiota, and immune responses to self and tumour antigens. The Treg cells differentiate in the thymus, along with conventional CD4+ T cells, in processes of positive and negative selection. Another class of Treg cells is generated in peripheral tissues by inducing Foxp3 expression in conventional CD4+ T cells in response to antigenic stimulation. Both thymic and peripheral generation of Treg cells depends on recognition of peptide/MHC ligands by the T-cell receptors (TCR) expressed on thymic Treg precursors or peripheral conventional CD4+ T cells. This review surveys reports describing how thymus Treg cell generation depends on the selecting peptide/MHC ligands and how this process impacts the TCR repertoire expressed by Treg cells. We also describe how Treg cells depend on sustained signalling through the TCR and how they are further regulated by Foxp3 enhancer sequences. Finally, we review the impact of microbiota-derived antigens on the maintenance and functionality of the peripheral pool of Treg cells

Migration and mobility of new Polish migrants in England:narratives of lived experience

This thesis sets out to understand the act of migrating in a period of growing movement of people. It captures the subjective experience of individual migrants, as narrated in the migration stories of 32 “new” Polish migrants in the West Midlands region of England. Since the enlargement of the European Union in 2004, over half a million Poles have arrived and registered to work in the UK, constituting one of the largest migration movements in contemporary Britain and Europe. This influx of predominantly young migrants opened up public and academic debates regarding the social relations between the Polish migrants and the host society, their duration of stay, and the impact on the economy and social services. While a substantial amount of research has now been undertaken on this migration, this thesis highlights some of the significant features of migration to Britain and Europe today, namely its dynamic, fluid, complex and varied character. Through four themes of lived experience of migration, migration and mobility, gender, and return migration, this thesis uncovers and explores the phenomenon of post-2004 EU migration from the perspective of migrants themselves. Migrant stories in this thesis are linked with experiences and meanings of migration, but also migrants’ emotions, perceptions, views and opinions. By exploring individual journeys of migration and deliberating over the determinants and consequences of migration, this thesis asks how the processes of migration and mobility come into play in the everyday lives of migrant people, and how this impacts on questions of identity, home, belonging, gender, as well as return

Renewable energy sources in the light of regulations of the Polish law and the European Union Law

Renewable energy sources are an area which currently is raising an enormous interest of investors, state governments and international organizations. According to the strategy of the European Union, the participation of energy from renewable energy sources (RES) should be at the level of 20% by 2020. As a result of the European Union policies aiming at reaching intended goals, it became a necessity to adapt the existing legal systems, economic and political conditions in such a way as to not only increase the attractiveness of investing in renewable energy, but also to help to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and thereby to improve climatic conditions.At the moment in Poland no separate legal regulation which considers widely defined issues related to renewable energy sources is functioning. The adoption of such a regulation may lead our country closer to the European countries, where such systems already exist, as well as may adjust our legislation to the European standards. Going ahead, to fulfill the current requirements, on 8 April 2014 the Council of Ministers adopted a draft law of the Act on renewable energy sources. Entering this act into force is the final step in the implementation of the EU directives on increasing the participation of renewable energy in the total energy consumption

Zur Entwicklung und zum Gegenstandbereich der deutschen und der polnischen Phraseologie

The aim of the article, which is addressed to a German reader with phraseological interests, is the depiction of research development within phraseology and terminological agreements in the tradition of phraseology in Polish and German. In the centre of our interest remains the definition of the term phraseme, specification and description of the phraseme features in the context of the contemporary research and also attempts concerning phraseme classifications