10,816 research outputs found
Compelled to do the right thing
We use a model of opinion formation to study the consequences of some
mechanisms attempting to enforce the right behaviour in a society. We start
from a model where the possible choices are not equivalent (such is the case
when the agents decide to comply or not with a law) and where an imitation
mechanism allow the agents to change their behaviour based on the influence of
a group of partners. In addition, we consider the existence of two social
constraints: a) an external authority, called monitor, that imposes the correct
behaviour with infinite persuasion and b) an educated group of agents that act
upon their fellows but never change their own opinion, i.e., they exhibit
infinite adamancy. We determine the minimum number of monitors to induce an
effective change in the behaviour of the social group, and the size of the
educated group that produces the same effect. Also, we compare the results for
the cases of random social interactions and agents placed on a network. We have
verified that a small number of monitors are enough to change the behaviour of
the society. This also happens with a relatively small educated group in the
case of random interactions.Comment: 8 pages, 9 figures, submitted to EPJ
Modeling Two Dimensional Magnetic Domain Patterns
Two-dimensional magnetic garnets exhibit complex and fascinating magnetic
domain structures, like stripes, labyrinths, cells and mixed states of stripes
and cells. These patterns do change in a reversible way when the intensity of
an externally applied magnetic field is varied. The main objective of this
contribution is to present the results of a model that yields a rich pattern
structure that closely resembles what is observed experimentally. Our model is
a generalized two-dimensional Ising-like spin-one Hamiltonian with long-range
interactions, which also incorporates anisotropy and Zeeman terms. The model is
studied numerically, by means of Monte Carlo simulations. Changing the model
parameters stripes, labyrinth and/or cellular domain structures are generated.
For a variety of cases we display the patterns, determine the average size of
the domains, the ordering transition temperature, specific heat, magnetic
susceptibility and hysteresis cycle. Finally, we examine the reversibility of
the pattern evolution under variations of the applied magnetic field. The
results we obtain are in good qualitative agreement with experiment.Comment: 8 pages, 12 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.
A cluster model with random anisotropy for hysteresis jumps in CeNiCu alloys
Some Cerium compounds exhibit hysteresis cycles with sharp macroscopic jumps
in the magnetization at very low temperatures. This effect is attributed to the
formation of clusters in which the anisotropy competes with the applied
magnetic field. Here, we present a simple model where a lattice of
ferromagnetically coupled spins is separated in clusters of random sizes and
with random anisotropy. Within this model, we obtain hysteresis cycles
presenting jumps that behave in a similar way that the experimental ones, and
that disappear when increasing the temperature. The results are in good
agreement with the hysteresis cycles measured at very low temperatures in
CeNiCu and the comparison with these experimental results allows
to discriminate the relative importance of the mechanisms driving the thermal
evolution of the cycles.Comment: Accepted in PR
Model Calculation of Electron-Phonon Couplings in a Dimer with a Non-Degenerate Orbital
We evaluate all the electron-phonon couplings derived from the one-body
electronic interactions, in both the adiabatic and extreme non-adiabatic limit,
for a dimer with a non-degenerate orbital built from atomic wave functions of
Gaussian shape. We find largely different values of the coupling parameters in
the two cases, as well as different expressions of the corresponding terms in
the Hamiltonian.Comment: 5 postscript figure
A refined analysis of the low-mass eclipsing binary system T-Cyg1-12664
The observational mass-radius relation of main sequence stars with masses
between ~0.3 and 1.0 Msun reveals deviations between the stellar radii
predicted by models and the observed radii of stars in detached binaries. We
generate an accurate physical model of the low-mass eclipsing binary
T-Cyg1-12664 in the Kepler mission field to measure the physical parameters of
its components and to compare them with the prediction of theoretical stellar
evolution models. We analyze the Kepler mission light curve of T-Cyg1-12664 to
accurately measure the times and phases of the primary and secondary eclipse.
In addition, we measure the rotational period of the primary component by
analyzing the out-of-eclipse oscillations that are due to spots. We accurately
constrain the effective temperature of the system using ground-based absolute
photometry in B, V, Rc, and Ic. We also obtain and analyze V, Rc, Ic
differential light curves to measure the eccentricity and the orbital
inclination of the system, and a precise Teff ratio. From the joint analysis of
new radial velocities and those in the literature we measure the individual
masses of the stars. Finally, we use the PHOEBE code to generate a physical
model of the system. T-Cyg1-12664 is a low eccentricity system, located
d=360+/-22 pc away from us, with an orbital period of P=4.1287955(4) days, and
an orbital inclination i=86.969+/-0.056 degrees. It is composed of two very
different stars with an active G6 primary with Teff1=5560+/-160 K,
M1=0.680+/-0.045 Msun, R1=0.799+/-0.017 Rsun, and a M3V secondary star with
Teff2=3460+/-210 K, M2=0.376+/-0.017 Msun, and R2=0.3475+/-0.0081 Rsun. The
primary star is an oversized and spotted active star, hotter than the stars in
its mass range. The secondary is a cool star near the mass boundary for fully
convective stars (M~0.35 Msun), whose parameters appear to be in agreement with
low-mass stellar model.Comment: 18 pages, 15 figures, 15 table
Magnetic Field scaling of Relaxation curves in Small Particle Systems
We study the effects of the magnetic field on the relaxation of the
magnetization of small monodomain non-interacting particles with random
orientations and distribution of anisotropy constants. Starting from a master
equation, we build up an expression for the time dependence of the
magnetization which takes into account thermal activation only over barriers
separating energy minima, which, in our model, can be computed exactly from
analytical expressions. Numerical calculations of the relaxation curves for
different distribution widths, and under different magnetic fields H and
temperatures T, have been performed. We show how a \svar scaling of the
curves, at different T and for a given H, can be carried out after proper
normalization of the data to the equilibrium magnetization. The resulting
master curves are shown to be closely related to what we call effective energy
barrier distributions, which, in our model, can be computed exactly from
analytical expressions. The concept of effective distribution serves us as a
basis for finding a scaling variable to scale relaxation curves at different H
and a given T, thus showing that the field dependence of energy barriers can be
also extracted from relaxation measurements.Comment: 12 pages, 9 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.
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