Impact of CSR Perception on Dimensions of Job Performance with Mediating Effect of Overall Justice Perception

Despite the vast and multidimensional research conducted on the notion of CSR and its positive association with different external variables, very little focus has been given to study its influence on the employees’ attitudes and behavior which may further influence their job efficiency, job effectiveness, job quality and thus the overall job performance of individuals.  Therefore, this study aimed to empirically investigate the influence of CSR perception on the antecedents of Job Performance i.e. job efficiency, job effectiveness and job quality of employees with Overall Justice Perception as mediator. Data were collected in two different waves through questionnaires from three different organizations in Telecom sector of Pakistan. A total sample size of 217 was recorded. Results were measured through regression analysis and Preacher & Hayes (2008) macro for mediation. The results showed a weak but significant positive influence on Job efficiency, Job quality and Overall Job Performance. The overall justice perception was also found to be positively influenced by CSR as well as significant positive role of overall justice perception between CSR perception and Job Performance was found. Keywords: CSR perception, Overall Justice Perception, Job Efficiency, Job Quality, Job Effectiveness, Job Performance

Utbrenthet og lederstil i IT-bransjen: En kvantitativ studie av sammenhengen mellom lederstil og indikasjon på utbrenthet blant ansatte i IT forbundet

Formål: Hovedformålet med denne masteroppgaven var å undersøke om det er en sammenheng mellom lederstil og utbrenthet blant ansatte i IT-bransjen. Mer spesifisert ble transformasjonsledelse, transaksjonsledelse og la-det-skure ledelse undersøkt for å avdekke hvilken lederstil som hadde størst effekt på utbrenthet. I tillegg ønsket vi å undersøke om andre sentrale belastningsfaktorer som rolleuklarhet, rollekonflikt og ubalanse mellom jobb og fritid hadde en sammenheng med utbrenthet. Metode: En kvantitativ tilnærming ble benyttet for å gjennomføre en undersøkelse blant 155 ansatte i IT-bedrifter. For å måle utbrenthet og lederstil benyttet vi oss av Bergen Burnout Indicator (BBI) og kortversjonen av Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ Rater Form, 5X-Short). Andre belastningsfaktorer ble målt ved hjelp av QPSNordic. Funn: Resultater fra analysen viste at 14,9% av respondentene i utvalget var utbrent. I tillegg var 26,6% av utvalget på grensen til å bli utbrent. Våre funn tydet på at transformasjonsledelse og rolleklarhet hadde en signifikant negativ sammenheng med utbrenthet. Det ble også avdekket en signifikant positiv sammenheng mellom ubalanse og utbrenthet. I tillegg viste våre analyser signifikante korrelasjoner mellom lederstil og andre belastningsfaktorer. Metodiske begrensninger: Vi var ikke i stand til å avdekke like mange empiriske uavhengige lederstiler som MLQ tilsier. Dette ga implikasjoner for videre analyser. En annen begrensning var at det foreliggende utvalget ikke var større enn n = 155, samt at det var basert på medlemslistene til IT forbundet. Vi måtte derfor ta forbehold om at våre funn ikke kunne generaliseres til alle IT-ansatte i Norge. Konklusjon: Transformasjonsledelse, ubalanse og rolleklarhet hadde en direkte effekt på utbrenthetsnivået i utvalget. I tillegg hadde transformasjonsledelse en indirekte effekt ved at den påvirket belastningsfaktorene for så å virke inn på utbrenthet.Purpose: The primary purpose of this thesis was to investigate whether there is a relationship between leadership style and burnout among employees in the IT sector. Specifically, we examined transformational, transactional and laissez-faire leadership to determine which leadership style had the greatest effect on burnout. In addition, we investigated whether other key stressors such as role ambiguity, role conflict and imbalance between work and family had a relationship with burnout. Design: Adopting a quantitative approach, a survey was conducted among 155 employees in several IT companies. To measure burnout and leadership style we used the Bergen Burnout Indicator (BBI) and the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ Form Rates, 5X-Short). Other key stressors were measured using QPSNordic. Findings: Results from our analysis showed that 14,9% of the respondents in our sample were burned out. In addition, 26,6% of the sample was on the verge of burning out. The findings suggested that transformational leadership and role clarity had a significant negative relationship with burnout. We also found a significant positive relationship between imbalance and burnout. In addition, our analysis showed significant correlations between leadership style and other key stressors. Research limitations: We were not able to uncover as many empirically independent leadership styles as implied in MLQ. This resulted in some implications for further analysis. Another limitation was that the present sample was not larger than n = 155 and is was based on membership lists of “IT forbundet”. This limited the generalizability of our findings and our results could thus not be valid for all IT employees in Norway. Conclusion: Transformational leadership, imbalance and role clarity had a direct effect on burnout. In addition, transformational leadership had an indirect effect on burnout.Master i okonomi og administrasjo

The road over the principle bridge to successful change management

Change management has over time received a greater focus, as the companies are looking for new opportunities to improve and evolve their organization by implementing changes. “Bottom up” phenomenon is becoming more emerging, as well as the worker involvement and empowerment. Lean, that normally is seen as the method to reduce waste that was first introduces and used by Toyota. Has in the later years been adapted and used in different occasions, for example to overcome challenges with change management. Moreover, principles are becoming more sought after, to explore their potential. This master's thesis involves examining a case study in collaboration with Norway's largest oil and gas company. The company started a non-traditional way to implement change management. Their initiative has been claimed as a success, due to their operating model together with the developed handbook and its principles. The following research question was investigated: How do the use of principles lead to successful change management? The scope of the research has been to explore the use of principles and how they have led the new initiative to become a success. The scope of the master thesis had the interest to explore how the initiative ended up being a success and was therefore it was not of interest to initially explore whether the initiative itself was a success. The method has been intensive design, with a deductive approach, where the empirical data was obtained using qualitative data. The thesis was developed around an embedded single case study, that allowed the phenomena in question to be studied in the context of the company. Together with observations from meetings, a total of 20 interview candidates were interviewed to illuminate the research question for the thesis. It was claimed by the company that the initiative is a success, but the findings suggest that it is a success only thus far. The findings indications that there is a resistance, skepticism, and change fatigue among the workers offshore and onshore. The scientific value of the thesis' findings is that the principles contribute to battle change fatigue, as well as to empower workers. Moreover, the principles can be used as a bridge between theory and practice, as well as being flexible and adaptable at all organizational levels

The road over the principle bridge to successful change management

Change management has over time received a greater focus, as the companies are looking for new opportunities to improve and evolve their organization by implementing changes. “Bottom up” phenomenon is becoming more emerging, as well as the worker involvement and empowerment. Lean, that normally is seen as the method to reduce waste that was first introduces and used by Toyota. Has in the later years been adapted and used in different occasions, for example to overcome challenges with change management. Moreover, principles are becoming more sought after, to explore their potential. This master's thesis involves examining a case study in collaboration with Norway's largest oil and gas company. The company started a non-traditional way to implement change management. Their initiative has been claimed as a success, due to their operating model together with the developed handbook and its principles. The following research question was investigated: How do the use of principles lead to successful change management? The scope of the research has been to explore the use of principles and how they have led the new initiative to become a success. The scope of the master thesis had the interest to explore how the initiative ended up being a success and was therefore it was not of interest to initially explore whether the initiative itself was a success. The method has been intensive design, with a deductive approach, where the empirical data was obtained using qualitative data. The thesis was developed around an embedded single case study, that allowed the phenomena in question to be studied in the context of the company. Together with observations from meetings, a total of 20 interview candidates were interviewed to illuminate the research question for the thesis. It was claimed by the company that the initiative is a success, but the findings suggest that it is a success only thus far. The findings indications that there is a resistance, skepticism, and change fatigue among the workers offshore and onshore. The scientific value of the thesis' findings is that the principles contribute to battle change fatigue, as well as to empower workers. Moreover, the principles can be used as a bridge between theory and practice, as well as being flexible and adaptable at all organizational levels

Impact of the Russia-Ukraine War on Education and International Students

This study examines the effect of the Ukraine crisis on the national and international economy, which is intrinsically tied to education, research, and science. As a result of the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, the country’s economy plummeted sharply. This displaced many local and international students, teachers, and educators at Ukrainian universities, schools, and institutes, including girls and women. In this paper, we have highlighted the global effort to sustain higher education and accommodate displaced students. We have adopted an exploratory, descriptive analysis of media coverage of the Russia-Ukraine War and other statistical studies and articles generally addressing the impact of the Ukraine crisis on the economy, particularly education, research, and science. Results suggest that immediate and continuous support for Ukrainians and international students is viewed as a necessity tightly linked to the national economy and the global economy

A study of Talaq Al-Tafwid in Islamic Law and Contemporary Legislations: Should Malaysia follow suit?

When spouses find that their marriage can no longer subsist due to many different reasons, divorce might be one of the reasonable ways out for them. In the case of a man, he may pronounce talaq to his wife, while for a woman there are variety of ways to dissolve the marriage depending on the reasons and circumstances, including khulu’, fasakh and ta’liq. However, these types of divorces require many conditions to be fulfilled and are also time consuming.Talaq al-tafwid, therefore, in some situations, can become another convenient alternative to dissolve the marriage by both man and woman. This article discusses the status of talaqal-tafwid according to Islamic Law and explores whether it is appropriate to be included in the statutes in Malaysia as another alternative way to dissolve the marriage. The research also investigates other jurisdictions which have adopted and implemented talaq al-tafwid ie Pakistan and Singapore

Accelerated versus standard Ponseti cast in the management of idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus at a tertiary care centre in North India: a comparative study

Background: Congenital talipes equinovarus varus (CTEV) is one of the most common congenital anomalies of foot and ankle. With a male dominance pattern, this deformity is bilateral in around 50% cases. It is characterized across varying degrees and severity of components manifesting with: forefoot adductus, midfoot cavus, hindfoot varus and hindfoot equinus. Severity is accessed using Pirani score (0 to 6). Insights into the basic patho-anatomy of this complex 3-dimensional deformity has helped to correct it using the method given by Ignacio Ponseti, a Spanish orthopedician, in which serial manipulations of foot are done and weekly casts are applied, followed by a tendoachilles tenotomy in selected cases to correct the equinus component which is then followed by splintage of the feet in foot-ankle orthosis initially for 23 hours day for 3 months and then 12 hours a day for 3 years. Parental counselling regarding the importance of compliance with maintenance braces remains the most important component of treatment. Methods: This was a double blinded randomized prospective study including 40 patients with 61 feet of only idiopathic clubfoot, conducted in the department of orthopaedics, government medical college, Jammu over a period of 01 year. Results: The mean days of plaster duration in accelerated casting group was 18.45 days as compared to 47.25 days in standard casting group (statistically significant, p<0.05). Also, Pirani score at the end of last follow up was comparable in both the groups. Tenotomy rate was slightly higher in accelerated casting group (89.5%) as compared to standard group (85.7%) which may be attributed to higher initial Pirani score in former (5.5) as compared to later (5.0). Conclusions: The clubfoot in developing countries has social stigma, the early and the promising result of the accelerated method of Ponseti casting has a dramatic impact on both parents and the treating orthopaedician. The accelerated Ponseti casting has remarkably reduced the overall duration of the treatment of Ponseti casting without any complication