Oxidative stress and histopathological changes induced by methylthiophanate, a systemic fungicide, in blood, liver and kidney of adult rats

Background: Methyl-thiophanate (MT), a fungicide largely used in agriculture throughout the world including Tunisia, protects many vegetables, fruits and field crops against a wide spectrum of fungal diseases. Oxidative stress has been proposed as a possible mechanism involved in MT toxicity on non-target organism.Methods: In the present study, the effect of MT injected intraperitoneally to adult rats at 300 or 500 mg/kg of body weight was studied on blood, liver and kidney.Results: Our results showed 3 days after MT injection, a significant decrease in hemoglobin and hematocrit values. A disruption in total white blood cells and platelets also occurred. Accordingly, an increased in malondialdehyde, H2O2 and advanced oxidation protein levels in liver and kidney were noted with the two doses. A significant change in plasma biomarkers and organ enzymatic and non-enzymatic activities were observed after MT treatment. The modifications in biochemical parameters were substantiated by histopathological data.Conclusion: These data confirmed the pro-oxidant effects of this fungicide. Accordingly, care must be taken to avoid mammalian and human exposure to MT.Keywords: Methyl-thiophanate, white blood cells, red blood cells, liver, kidne

Oxidative stress and histopathological changes induced by methylthiophanate, a systemic fungicide, in blood, liver and kidney of adult rats.

Background: Methyl-thiophanate (MT), a fungicide largely used in agriculture throughout the world including Tunisia, protects many vegetables, fruits and field crops against a wide spectrum of fungal diseases. Oxidative stress has been proposed as a possible mechanism involved in MT toxicity on non-target organism. Methods: In the present study, the effect of MT injected intraperitoneally to adult rats at 300 or 500 mg/kg of body weight was studied on blood, liver and kidney. Results: Our results showed 3 days after MT injection, a significant decrease in hemoglobin and hematocrit values. A disruption in total white blood cells and platelets also occurred. Accordingly, an increased in malondialdehyde, H2O2 and advanced oxidation protein levels in liver and kidney were noted with the two doses. A significant change in plasma biomarkers and organ enzymatic and non-enzymatic activities were observed after MT treatment. The modifications in biochemical parameters were substantiated by histopathological data. Conclusion: These data confirmed the pro-oxidant effects of this fungicide. Accordingly, care must be taken to avoid mammalian and human exposure to MT

Protective effect of Alsidium corallinum against TNF-α toxicity in H9c2 cells

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Étude de la toxicité induite par le thiaméthoxame sur les paramètres morphologiques, hématologiques et sur l’équilibre oxydant/antioxydant chez des rats de souche Wistar [Study of the toxicity induced by thiamethoxam on morphological and hematological parameters and on the oxidant/antioxidant balance in Wistar rats]

Introduction. L’utilisation excessive des pesticides pose un véritable problème de santé publique, non seulement pour les personnes qui y sont exposées, mais aussi pour l’écosystème. Objectif. Etudier la toxicité induite par le thiaméthoxame (TMX) sur les paramètres morphologiques et hématologiques et sur les marqueurs du stress oxydatif au niveau des érythrocytes. Matériel et méthodes. Des rats mâles de souche Wistar ont été traités par voie intra-péritonéale pendant 30 jours avec trois doses croissantes de TMX (100, 150 et 300 mg/kg de poids corporel). Résultats. L’exposition des rats au TMX a provoqué une perturbation du comportement des rats, de leur poids corporel et de leur consommation quotidienne de nourriture et de boisson. De plus, des modifications du profil hématologique caractérisées par une anémie accompagnée de thrombopénie généralement liée à un déficit immunitaire, ont été détectées. Toutes ces altérations du profil hématologique sont confirmées par l’observation microscopique du frottis sanguin des différents groupes de rats. De plus, une altération du système de défense antioxydante, caractérisée par une diminution du glutathion réduit (GSH), de l’activité la catalase (CAT), de la superoxyde dismutase (SOD) et de la glutathion pero-xydase (GPx), ainsi qu’une augmentation au niveau des marqueurs du stress oxydatif, tels que le malondialdéhyde (MDA) et les produits d'oxydation avancée des protéines (AOPP), est notée, témoignant de l’effet déstabilisant du TMX. Conclusion. Cette toxicité augmente avec l’élévation de la dose de TMX, reflétant que l’utilisation irrationnelle de cet insecticide peut affecter la santé des mammifères. [Introduction. The excessive use of pesticides poses a real public health problem, not only for the people who are exposed to them, but also for the ecosystem. Objective. To elucidate the effect of thiamethoxam-induced toxicity (TMX) on morpho-logical and hematological parameters, and on oxidative stress markers in erythrocytes. Material and methods. Male Wistar rats were treated intraperitoneally for 30 days with three increasing doses of TMX (100, 150 and 300 mg/kg body weight). Results. The exposition of the rats to TMX caused a disturbance in their behavior, their body weight, and their daily food and drink intake. In addition, a perturbation in the hematological profile was noted. In fact, anemia accompanied with thrombocytopenia usually related to an immune deficiency was also detected. All these alterations in the blood profile were ascertained by the microscopic observation of the blood smear for the different groups of rats. Moreover, an impairment of the antioxidant defense system characterized by a decrease in the reduced glutathione (GSH), the activity of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and by an increase in the level of oxidative stress markers, such as malondialdehyde (MDA) and advanced oxidation products of proteins (AOPP), was noted testifying the destabilizing effect of TMX. Conclusion. This toxicity increases with enhanced doses of TMX, reflecting that the irrational use of this insecticide can affect the health of mammals.

Fenthion, an organophosphorus pesticide, induces alterations in oxidant/antioxidant status and histopathological disorders in cerebrum and cerebellum of suckling rats

293-301Fenthion (FEN) is an organophosphorus pesticide known for its wide toxic manifestations. In this study, the effects of FEN were evaluated on the cerebrum and cerebellum oxidant/antioxidant status and histopathological disorders in the suckling rats. Pregnant rats were divided into two groups: control group received pure water, while FEN group received daily by their drinking water 551 ppm of FEN from the 14th day of pregnancy until day 14 after delivery. Acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity was inhibited in both the cerebrum and cerebellum of suckling rats whose mothers were treated with FEN. The cerebrum and cerebellum oxidative damage was demonstrated by a significant increase of malondialdehyde (MDA), advanced oxidation protein product and glutathione (GSH) levels and disturbance in the antioxidant enzyme activities. A significant decline of non-protein thiol and vitamin C levels was also observed. These changes were confirmed by histopathological observations which were marked by pyknotic neurons in the cerebrum and apoptotic cells in the cerebellum of FEN-treated rats. In the cerebellum of <span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US" lang="EN-US">FEN-treated rats, the most conspicuous damage was the absence of external granular layer, indicating growth retardation. These data suggested that exposure of pregnant and lactating rats to FEN induced oxidative stress and histopathological disorders in the cerebrum and cerebellum of their pups. Thus, the use of FEN must be under strict control, especially for pregnant and lactating mothers. </span

Mitigation of Hepatic Impairment with Polysaccharides from Red Alga <i>Albidum corallinum</i> Supplementation through Promoting the Lipid Profile and Liver Homeostasis in Tebuconazole-Exposed Rats

Sulfated polysaccharides from seaweed are highly active natural substances with valuable applications. In the present paper, attempts have been made to discuss the physicochemical and structural features of polysaccharides isolated from red marine alga Alsidium corallinum (ACPs) and their protective effect in hepatic impairments induced by tebuconazole (TEB) in male adult rats. Structural features were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography, Fourier-transformed infrared, and solid-state 1H and 13C-Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. ACPs are found to be hetero-sulfated-anionic polysaccharides that contain carbohydrates, sulfate groups, and uronic acids. In vitro biological activities suggested the effective antioxidant and antimicrobial capacities of ACPs. For antioxidant testing in vivo, the biochemical analysis and plasma profiles displayed that oral administration of ACPs could mitigate blood lipid indicators, including total cholesterol, triglyceride, low and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and bilirubin. Liver function indexes involving alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase showed that ACPs possessed prominent antioxidant activities. Additionally, the intervention of ACPs potentially inhibited lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, key enzymes of lipid metabolism (A. corallinum monosaccharides bound 1JIJ, 1HD2, and 1WL4 receptors with acceptable affinities, which, together with deep embedding and molecular interactions, support the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and hypolipidemic outlined effects in the in vitro and in vivo findings. Given their prominent antioxidant effects, ACPs are promising candidates for liver diseases and must be considered in pharmaceutical applications

Cardiotoxicity and myocardial infarction-associated DNA damage induced by thiamethoxam in vitro and in vivo Protective role of Trigonella foenum-graecum seed-derived polysaccharide

International audienceThe risk of pesticides on the human health and environment has drawn increasing attention. Today, new tools are developed to reduce pesticide adverse effects. This study aimed to evaluate the toxicity induced by, thiamethoxam (TMX), and the cytoprotective effect of a novel polysaccharide, named fenugreek seed water polysaccharide (FWEP) in vitro using H9c2 cardiomyoblastes and in vivo using Wistar rat model. Animals were assigned into four groups per eight rats each group 1 served as a control group, group 2 received TMX, group 3, and group 4 received both FWEP and TMX tested at two doses (100 and 200 mg/kg, respectively). Regarding the in vitro study, our results demonstrated that TMX induced a decrease in H9c2 cell viability up to 70% with the highest concentration. In vivo, TMX injection induced marked heart damage noted by a significant increase in plasma lactate dehydrogenase, creatine phosphokinase, troponin-T, aspartate amino transferase activities, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels. Concomitant alterations in cardiac antioxidant defense system revealed depletion in the levels of glutathione and non-protein thiol and an increase in the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. Similarly, a significant increase in heart lipid, malondialdehyde, advanced oxidation protein product and in protein carbonyls levels was also noted. In addition, heart tissues histo-architecture displayed major presence of apoptosis and necrosis as confirmed by DNA degradation. However, supplementation with FWEP alleviated heart oxidative damage and genotoxicity. In this manner, ABTS radical-scavenging activity, linoleic acid oxidation tests and heart genomic and DNA nicking assay had proved FWEP strong antioxidant potential. In conclusion, FWEP provided significant protection against TMX-induced heart injury, and could be a useful and efficient agent against cardiotoxicity and atherosclerosis

Nanoscale zero-valent iron functionalized Posidonia oceanica marine biomass for heavy metal removal from water

International audienceBecause of the excellent reducing capacity of nanoscale zero-valent iron (NZVI), it can be used as alternative materials for the removal of a variety of reducible water contaminants including toxic metals. The current paper reports the research results obtained for self-prepared biosorbent, Posidonia oceanica biomass, activated in alkaline medium and functionalized with NZVI particles. The structural characteristics, surface morphology, and binding properties of the resulting nanobiosorbent are presented. Batch comparative adsorption trials including adsorption kinetics and isothermals onto raw Posidonia, Posidonia-OH and Posidonia-OH-NZVI were investigated on three heavy metal ions: Cd(II), Pb(II), and Cu(II). The nanobiosorbent showed better properties, such as high reactivity and high uptake rate through the sorption process. The toxic metal removal has been monitored in terms of pseudo-first- and pseudo-second-order kinetics, and both Langmuir- and Freundlich-type isotherm models have been used to describe the sorption mechanism. The experimental data of all studied systems showed that the uptake kinetics follow the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the equilibrium uptake can adopt the Langmuir-type isotherm model which assumes a monolayer coverage as the adsorption saturates and no further adsorption occurs. The thermodynamic results confirm that all sorption processes were feasible, spontaneous and thermodynamically favorable. Zeta potential data displayed that Cd(II), Pb(II), and Cu(II) tend to be reduced after exposure on the Posidonia-OH-NZVI surface. Furthermore, sorption competitions of the metals from binary and ternary systems were carried out onto Posidonia-OH-NZVI in order to gain further insight into the sorption efficiency of this material. Therefore, as a result, the proposed new nanobiosorbent could offer potential benefits in remediation of heavy metal-contaminated water as a green and environmentally friendly bionanocomposite