Development of an AC-DC buck power factor correction

Generally all devise used in industrial, commercial and residential applications need to undergo rectification for their proper functioning and operation. It connected to the non-linear loads which results in production of non-sinusoidal line current. Due to the increasing demand of these devices, the line current non-sinusoidal pose a major problem by degrading the power factor of the system thus affecting the performance of the devices. Hence there is a need to reduce the line current non-sinusoidal so as to improve the power factor of the system and led to designing of Power Factor Correction circuits. Power Factor Correction (PFC) involves two techniques, Active PFC and Passive PFC. In our project work we have designed an active power factor circuit using Buck Converter for improving the power factor. The advantage of using Buck Converter in power factor correction circuits is that better line regulation is obtained with appreciable power factor. Simulation and experimental are conducted to validate the theoretical analysis. The results show that the power factor can be improved

Waqf, Values and the Ulama: Towards Harnessing Philanthropy for Community Uplift in Northern Nigeria

Employing narratives, and analysis of available literature, this exploratory study is limited in scope by the few accounts considered

Assessment of Productivity Status Using Carlson’s TSI and Fish Diversity of Goronyo Dam, Sokoto State, Nigeria

Goronyo Dam is the largest lentic waterbody in Sokoto, it was constructed to serve as flood control and used for irrigation activities. The study was conducted to evaluate productivity status and fish diversity of Goronyo Dam in 2016. Water samples were collected monthly from the Dam at two sampling sites (Upstream and Downstream). Water samples were collected using sterilized sampling bottles and analyzed in the Laboratory for physicochemical variables and the diversity of fish was evaluated through the use of a structured questionnaire. Depth and transparency were the only variables that did not show any statistically significant difference between the months. Productivity status of the dam was evaluated using Carlson’s Trophic State Index. The downstream has high TSI value of 16.54 compared to upstream with 13.00. A diversity of fishes from the shows that 3 species were more abundant in the dam, these were; Mormyrops species, Alestes species and Clupeid species. Factors contributed to the survival of fish species were an abundance of water and plankton in the dam. While factors affecting the distribution of fish species were pollution and predation

Treatment of food processing industrial wastewater using two stages anaerobic system

The wastewater produced by food manufacturing industry is known for its high concentration of COD and suspended solid. In wastewater treatment, anaerobic process is favorable due to its low cost, biogas production, low sludge production and more. In this study, upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) and hybrid-UASB (HUASB) reactors, were combined with anaerobic filter (AF) bioreactors forming two stages system to treat food processing industry wastewater. This study was focused on the performance of UASB-AF (R1) and HUASB-AF (R2) treatment systems and the granules development. Seed sludge was deposited into HUASB column up to a third of the height. Palm oil shells were then packed into the HUASB (above seed sludge) as well as AF reactors to promote growth of microorganisms. The R1 and R2 systems were operated simultaneously, fed with raw food manufacturing wastewater taken from Azhar Food Manufacturing Factory. Parameters measured to evaluate the performance of the process were pH, COD, NH3-N, oil and grease and total phosphorus. The highest average COD removal efficiency, at 99%, were detected in R1 and R2 systems, both at OLR 10.56 g COD/L.d. Moreover, the presence of aggregated bio particles with diameter ranges from 2.934 to 5.00 mm were observed in both UASB and HUASB reactors. The highest percentage of 2.934 to 5.00 mm diameter granules were 7.6 % and 10.7% in the UASB and HUASB respectively. In addition, the highest removal rate coefficient, k values for UASB and HUASB were 2.1981 and 3.3950, occurred at OLR 8.59 and 10.56 g COD/L.d, respectively. Overall, the k values have proved that HUASB reactor had performed better than UASB reactor

PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN SAVI TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR BAHASA ARAB SISWA MADRASAH ALIYAH

Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan pendekatan campuran kualitatif kuantitatif, bertujuan untuk mengetahui Bagaimana pengaruh model pembelajaran SAVI (Somatic, Auditory, Visualization, Intellectualy) terhadap hasil belajar Bahasa Arab yang diterapkan pada siswa kelas X Madrasah Aliyah Attarbiyah Lauwa Kabupaten Gowa. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Madrasah Aliyah Attarbiyah Lauwa Kecamatan Biringbulu, Kabupaten Gowa, Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan melakukan observasi, tes awal dan akhir, dokumentasi. Objek Penelitian adalah penerapan model pembelajaran SAVI terhadap hasil belajar Bahasa Arab Siswa kelas X MA Attarbiyah Lauwa. Teknik analisis data dilakukan dengan analisis statistik deskriptif dan inferensial menggunakan uji-t. Hasil penelitian dan pembahasan dalam penelitian ini, yaitu (1) Hasil pre-test, nilai rata-rata hasil belajar murid 64 (rendah) sebelum diterapkan model pembelajaran SAVI dengan kategori yakni sangat rendah 26.80%, rendah 36.60%, sedang 17.10%, tinggi 14.60%, dan sangat tinggi 4.90%. (2) Hasil post-test yaitu 82 (tinggi) dapat dikatakan bahwa tingkat hasil belajar siswa tergolong tinggi dan persentasi kategori hasil belajar Bahasa Arab siswa juga meningkat yakni sangat tinggi yaitu 29.3%, tinggi 46.3%, sedang 14.6%, rendah 4.9%, dan sangat rendah 4.9%. (3) Hasil analisis statistik inferensial dengan menggunakan rumus uji t, dapat diketahui bahwa nilai t Hitung 28.8. dan diperoleh t Tabel 2.70. Oleh karena t Hitung t Tabel pada taraf signifikansi 0,05 maka hipotesis nol (Ho) ditolak dan hipotesis alternatif (H1) diterima yang berarti bahwa ada pengaruh model pembelajaran SAVI terhadap hasil belajar Bahasa Arab siswa kelas X Madrasah Aliyah Attarbiyah Lauwa Kabupaten GowaKata Kunci: SAVI, Hasil Belajar, Bahasa Arab.This study used an experimental method with a mixed qualitative quantitative approach, aiming to find out how the SAVI learning model influences the Arabic language learning outcomes of class X students at Madrasah Aliyah Attarbiyah Lauwa, Gowa Regency.This research was conducted at Madrasah Aliyah Attarbiyah Lauwa, Biringbulu District, Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi Province. Data collection techniques by making observations, initial and final tests, documentation. The object of research is the application of the SAVI learning model to the Arabic language learning outcomes of class X MA Attarbiyah Lauwa students. Data analysis techniques were performed by descriptive and inferential statistical analysis using the t-test.The results of the research and discussion in this study, namely (1) Pre-test results, the average value of student learning outcomes was 64 (low) before the SAVI learning model was applied with categories namely very low 26.80%, low 36.60%, moderate 17.10%, high 14.60%, and very high 4.90%. (2) The post-test result is 82 (high) it can be said that the level of student learning outcomes is high, and the percentage of students' Arabic learning achievement categories also increases, namely very high, namely 29.3%, high 46.3%, medium 14.6%, low 4.9%, and very low 4.9%. (3) The results of inferential statistical analysis using the t test formula, the t count value is 28.8. and obtained t Table 2.70. Because t count t table at a significance level of 0.05, the null hypothesis (Ho) is rejected and the alternative hypothesis (H1) is accepted, which means that there is an influence of the SAVI learning model on students' Arabic learning outcomes class X Madrasah Aliyah Attarbiyah Lauwa, Gowa RegencyKeywords: SAVI, Learning Outcomes, Arabic

Synthesis of Biodiesel from Panaga Oil

Biodiesel refers to a non"petroleum-based diesel fuel consisting of long chain alkyl esters, made by transesterification of vegetable oil or animal fats, which can be used in unmodified diesel-engine vehicles. Basically, biodiesel is originated because of depleting in earth crude oil sources and environmental concern. So, biodiesel can be considered as renewable replacement for petroleum-based diesel engine fuel. In the study, the main objective is to synthesis biodiesel where the biodiesel will be extracted from Penaga oil through in-situ method; reaction mjxture of penaga oil and alcohol using acid-catalyst to produce biodiesel. Some parameters such as reaction temperature, catalyst concentration and particle sizes are manipulated to observe the effects and get the desired product with optimize condition. Literature review section discussed about Penaga plant background, biodiesel production through conventional method and in-situ method of transesterification, effects of each parameter; reaction temperature, catalyst concentration and particle size respectively. Design of experiment being used is Taguchi Method; L9 Array as it is provides uniformly distributed coverage of the test domain, concise test set with fewer test cases is created, all pair-wise combinations of test set created, simpler to generate and less error prone than test sets created manually and reduces testing cycle time. Basically, the project jobs scope will be carried out are: 1) Penaga Seed Preparation; 2) Oil extraction; 3) Acid Value; 4) In-situ Transesterification and 5) TLC Qualitative Analysis. As conclusion, it is believed that this method is feasible and Penaga could be commercialized as biodiesel feedstock considering the optimum conditions for the variables and parameters used

Evaluation of Physico-Chemical and Fungal Species Associated with Oil Contaminated Soil from Selected Automobile Garage in Sokoto Metropolis

This study was conducted with a view to evaluating the physicochemical and mycological properties of different oil contaminated soils collected from three different automobile garages in Sokoto Metropolis, and uncontaminated soil from the temporary site, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto (UDUS) was used as the control. The pH was determined using pH meter model Hanna (H1991301), quantity of mineral elements was evaluated in accordance with Murphy and Fungi were isolated from the three oil contaminated samples (A, B. and C) and the uncontaminated (sample D) as control, this was done by standard procedure using the method of P. Ren, T. Jankun & B. Leaderer. The physical, chemical, and mineral elements from the oil-contaminated soils of the three automobile garages and control. The results of particle soil analysis revealed the high content of sandy soil (96.2 to 87.3) and silt is the lowest with (2.5–0.6). Magnesium had the highest concentration of studied minerals, ranging from 193 to 649.2 mg/kg. while PH result revealed that the soil samples were pH value ranged from (16.85–16.20) in oil Contaminated samples, while the control had 15.90, and electrical conductivity ranged from 12.8–13.8 % and 28 % in control, four fungal isolates Aspergillus sp., Penicillum sp., Mucor sp. and Sporobolomyces sp. were identified based on colonial, sexual and morphological characteristics. These fungal strains can be used in bioremediation process and oil pollution reduction in aquatic ecosystems

Information needs and access of Members of Vigilante in Adamawa State, North -East Nigeria

ABSTRACT The study investigated the Information needs and access of Members of Vigilante in Adamawa state, North-eastern Nigeria, one of the three states bedeviled by the Boko Haram insurgency. Quantitative research methodology and Cross-sectional survey design was applied for the study. The population of the study comprised of One Thousand Four Hundred Members (1400) drawn from Nineteen (19) local governments areas in the state. Krejcie and Morgan Table (1970) was used to draw (302) members as sample of the population, while Walpole’s (1982) formula for proportions was used in arriving at a sample for each stratum (i.e. each local government area). In collecting data, a total of Three Hundred and Two (302) copies of questionnaires were administered, and Two Hundred and Forty 240 copies (79.47%) were returned and found useful. The data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The outcome of the study revealed that the information needs of members were daily mainly work related and from informal sources, as there were no public libraries/information centers in 17 local governments’ areas of the state. The outcome of the research also revealed barriers to information access to include general lack of formal information infrastructure such as libraries/information centers, poor and unreliable informal information sources, as well as lack of training on information literacy skills for members of Vigilante. It is recommended that there is a need for those involved in vigilante information delivery to continuously examine and identify evolving information needs of members of vigilante in order to meet such needs. Government should resuscitate the dying public libraries in all the local government areas of Adamawa state to provide information services. Libraries should organize training on information literacy and other information use skills for members of vigilante, because if this is done, it will enhance and improve information access across communities in Adamawa state. Finally, information resources be repackaged in order to take care of challenges of proximity to sources of information, language barrier and other challenges faced by members of vigilante