Simulation of hydrogen production for mobile fuel cell applications via autothermal reforming of methane

This paper presents a simulation of catalytic autothermal reforming (ATR) of methane (CH4) for hydrogen (H2) production. ATR is essentially an oxidative steam reforming, which combines the exothermic partial oxidation (PO) with the endothermic steam reforming (SR) under thermally neutral conditions. A model is developed using HYSYS 2004.1 to simulate the conversion behavior of the reformer. The model covers all aspects of major chemical kinetics and heat and mass transfer phenomena in the reformer. The ATR and preferential oxidation (PrOx) processes is modeled using conversion reactor, while the water gas shift (WGS) process is modeled using equilibrium reactor within HYSYS environment. The conditions used for high CH4 conversion and high H2 yield are at air to fuel ratio of 2.5 and water to fuel ratio of 1.5. Under this condition, CH4 conversion of 100% and H2 yield of 44% on wet basis can be achieved and the system efficiency is about 87.7%

Dyeing studies with henna and madder: A research on effect of tin (II) chloride mordant

The present paper deals with the application of natural dyes extracted from powdered henna (Lawsonia inermis) leaves and madder (Rubia cordifolia) roots on woolen yarn and assessment of effect of stannous chloride mordant on dyeability, color characteristics, fastness properties and antifungal activity of dyed woolen yarn. Sixteen shades have been developed for the characterization of their color characteristics and fastness properties. The color strength (K/S value) has been found to be very good in all dyed woolen yarn samples. The color fastness with respect to light exposure, washing and rubbing was quite satisfactory for both henna as well as madder dyed samples. Henna leaves extract was found very effective against Candida glabrata both in solution as well as after application on wool substrate but no antifungal activity is reported in case of madder both in solution as well as on wool substrate

Determination of poverty among the poor and needy in a developing country / Ahmad Fahme Mohd Ali and Mohd Faisol Ibrahim.

This article attempts to analyse the determination of poverty among the poor and needy of the zakat recipients in Kelantan, Malaysia. The study is motivated from the Kelantan zakat collection (2003-2015) that suggests that the growth alone (high collection) is not enough to eliminate poverty, there are indeed, other elements of poverty eradication like the socio economic, demographic factors, remittances and the investments in social and economic factors like the food subsidy for the poorest, good quality education, opportunities for the most needy, regulation of job markets, and purposively designed social security nets also have significant impact on permanent reduction in poverty. In Kelantan, despite zakat centres having disbursed an increasing amount of expenditure annually on the two categories of zakat recipients, hitherto the number of fuqara (poor) and masakin (needy) households is still increasing (MAIK, 2014; JAWHAR, 2012). Thus, it is important to understand the nature and scale of poverty, the various driving forces that affect it and the determinants of poverty among the poor and needy as linked to this process. A sample of 505 households from 2016 Household Expenditure Survey (HES) among the poor and needy zakat recipients in Kelantan has been used in this study. The findings have important policy implications for Kelantan Zakat Department (MAIK) in making the zakat distribution becomes more efficient and uplift the important role of zakat as one of the poverty alleviation tools among the Muslims. This study recommends the method of zakat distribution should be improved and channelled accordingly in order to strengthen the Muslims economy condition and then, it would facilitate the poverty alleviation programmes by the zakat department

Mechanical properties and thermal behaviour of two-stage concrete containing palm oil fuel ash

Two-stage concrete (TSC) is a special type of concrete which is made by placing coarse aggregate in a formwork and injecting a grout either by pump or under the gravity force to fill the voids. Over the decades, the application of supplementary cementing materials in conventional concrete has become widespread, and this trend is expected to continue in TSC as well. Palm oil fuel ash (POFA) is one of the ashes which has been recognized as a good pozzolanic material. This paper presents the experimental results on the performance behaviour of POFA in developing physical and mechanical properties of two-stage concrete. Four concrete mixes namely, TSC with 100% OPC as a control, and TSC with 10, 20 and 30% POFA were cast, and the temperature growth due to heat of hydration and heat transfer in the mixes was recorded. It has been found that POFA significantly reduced the temperature rise in two-stage aggregate concrete and delayed the transfer of heat to the mass of concrete. The compressive and tensile strengths, however, increased with the replacement of up to 20% POFA. The results obtained and the observation made in this study suggest that the substitution of OPC by POFA is beneficial, particularly for prepacked mass concrete where thermal cracking due to extreme heat rise is of great importance

Pembangunan Perisian Pengajaran Berasaskan Model Konstruktif Needham 5 Fasa Bagi Tajuk Keelektrikan Dalam Matapelajaran Sains Sekolah Rendah

Projek ini bertujuan untuk membangunkan suatu perisian pendidikan bagi tajuk Keelektrikan dalam mata pelajaran Sains khusus untuk pelajar sekolah rendah. Keseluruhan isi kandungan perisian ini disusun berdasarkan huraian sukatan pelajaran Sains (KPM, 2003). Perisian ini menggunakan aktiviti pembelajaran berdasarkan pendekatan Model Konstruktif Needham 5-Fasa yang mengandungi fasa orientasi, pencetusan idea, penstrukturan semula idea, aplikasi idea dan refleksi. Bagi reka bentuk pembangunan, perisian ini menggunakan model ADDIE. Perisian PowerPoint 2003 pula digunakan sepenuhnya dalam pembangunan perisian. Ia nyata dapat menyepadukan pelbagai media seperti seperti grafik, teks, video dan animasi dalam satu alat bantu yang interaktif, menarik dan berkesan. Perisian ini turut dinilai oleh individu yang terlibat secara langsung didalam bidang ini. Keputusan penilaian menunjukkan bahawa perisian tersebut memuaskan dari segi isi kandungan, reka bentuk dan penggunaannya

Absolute assignment in takāful industry: Sharī‘ah contracts, issues and solutions

This article deliberates on the Islamic contracts used in absolute assignment in takāful industry and identifies Sharī‘ah issues that might accrue from it. The article studies the market practice of absolute assignment in takāful industry in Malaysia and proposes the adequate Islamic contracts that can be used in absolute assignment and at the same time resolve any Sharī‘ah issues that might occur from it. This research consists of both library-based research and fieldwork research. The researchers interviewed some practitioners and studied the related documents and acts used in executing absolute assignment in takāful industry in Malaysia. The study infers that there are two types of absolute assignments. The first one is between an individual to an individual on the basis of hibah and the second one is between an individual and a financier/bank on the basis of kafālah

Sikap guru Pendidikan Khas integrasi bermasalah pembelajaran terhadap perkhidmatan bimbingan dan kaunseling.

The purpose of the research is to know how the teachers of special education of learning disability integration react towards the guidance and counseling services. The descriptive survey uses questionnaires of 'Counseling Attitude Scales' which is translated into Malaysian language and the validity and reliability is acknowledged by Awang Mat Ali (1979). The subject of the survey consists of 109 teachers from special education integrated with learning disability department. They are randomly selected from 10 schools in the district of Hulu Langat, Selangor. The primary survey has been carried out and later is key-in in the SPPS 12.0 version. The accountability of the survey is Cronbach Alpha 0.702. The data is analyses using t - test and A3OVA test. The outcome of the descriptive survey is there is no significant difference between gender and attitude, with value t (109) = .531, p > 0.05. Also among the Malay, Chinese and Indian ethnics, there is no different in their behavior on how they reacts towards the guidance and counseling services F = 4.234, p 0.05 and degree holders t(65) = .766, p > 0.05. In conclusion, the outcome indicates that the majority of these teachers react positively. Based on the finding, the need of guidance and counseling services in the school of special education integration with learning disability is strong recommended in order to upgrade the overall quality of the guidance and counseling in the school

Analisis Metode Penerangan Hadith Berʻillah Dalam Sahih Muslim Menurut Ḥamzah Al-Malyabārī [Analysis of Method of Explaining Hadith Al-ʻilal In Sahih Muslim According To Ḥamzah Al-Malyabārī]

Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim merupakan salah satu kitab hadith yang muktabar dan penting dalam pengajian kitab hadith bersanad. Banyak kajian lepas telah membuktikan bahawa antara metodologi utama Imam Muslim adalah meletakkan hadith-hadith paling sahih di awal bab. Walau bagaimanapun,  metodologi penyusunan Imam Muslim terhadap hadith-hadith dalam sahihnya pelbagai dan mempunyai tujuan serta nilai ilmiah sangat tinggi bagi menerangkan keberadaan ʻillah pada sesuatu sanad mahupun matan. Bertitik tolak daripada itu, artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis metode penerangan hadith berʻillah dalam Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim menurut Ḥamzah al-Malyabārī. Analisis dilakukan dengan merujuk kepada kitab-kitab ʻilal serta kajian-kajian berkaitan metodologi Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim. Hasilnya dapat menjelaskan salah faham masyarakat terhadap kitab ini serta boleh dimanfaatkan oleh pengkaji hadith semasa dalam berinteraksi dengan hadith Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim. Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim is one of the greatest manuscript in Hadith and studies of transmitter. Many researches had come out that amid methodology of Imam Muslim, the most significant one is to accommodate the authentic hadith in early chapter. However, Imam Muslim's method towards compilation of authentic hadith in his Ṣaḥīḥ is various, and it has a very high purpose and intellectual value to explain the existense of deficiencies in the text or the chain of hadith (ilal hadith). Starting from that, this article aims to analyze the method of explanation of ilal hadith in Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim according to Ḥamzah al-Malyabārī. The analysis was conducted with reference to the books of ʻilal as well as studies related to the methodology of Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim. The result of this research can clarify the community's misunderstanding of this book and can be used by current hadith researchers in interacting with the hadiths of Ṣaḥīḥ Muslims

Balai cerap astrofiqh di Malaysia: kesinambungan ilmu falak syarie dari Asia Barat

Balai cerap Astrofiqh dalam konteks Malaysia ialah balai cerap astronomi yang diurus tadbir oleh kerajaan dan berfungsi sebagai pusat penyelidikan, pendidikan ilmu falak dan penentuan ibadah umat Islam dan takwim di Malaysia. Kebanyakan elemen dan aplikasi falak dalam ibadah di dalam balai cerap tersebut berasaskan ilmu falak syarie yang dipindahkan daripada Asia Barat oleh para ulama Melayu. Ini menjadikan ia berbeza dengan balai cerap astronomi biasa. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk meninjau kewujudan balai cerap astrofiqh ini di Malaysia di sudut sejarah, perkembangan dan nilai-nilai yang menggambarkan bahawa ia adalah kesinambungan ilmu Falak Syarie daripada Asia Barat . Kajian ini juga melihat sepintas lalu beberapa nama penting dari kalangan alim ulama yang pernah menyumbang dalam kesinambungan ini di samping mengenal pasti beberapa peralatan falak yang terdapat di balai cerap tersebut sebagai bukti. Kajian perpustakaan, pengumpulan data, temu bual dan pemerhatian telah digunakan dalam kajian ini, di mana kitab turath dan moden telah dirujuk untuk mendapatkan bahan. Pemerhatian dan temu bual telah dibuat dengan cara lawatan terus ke balai cerap untuk memastikan kewujudan nilai-nilai yang boleh dianggap sebagai kesinambungan ilmu falak daripada Asia barat di balai cerap tersebut. Kajian ini mendapati bahawa Balai Cerap Astrofiqh di Malaysia adalah legasi ilmu falak dari Asia Barat yang telah dimulakan oleh ulama Melayu. Penglibatan mereka dalam bidang ini telah mengilhamkan kewujudan balai-balai cerap Astrofiqh tersebut sekali gus meninggalkan kesan dan nilai Asia Barat seperti penamaan dan peralatan falak tradisi yang masih dipelajari sehingga ke hari ini