ANALYZING AIRCRAFT LANDING DECISIONMAKING THROUGH FUZZY LOGIC APPROACH: A COMPARATIVE STUDY

Due to the importance of weather in people's lives, various groups have advocated for accurate climate information. However, weather predictions can often be unclear or ambiguous. Weather advice and information are crucial in determining the safety of landing an aircraft in aviation. To address this, Mamdani Fuzzy Logic will be used to compare two scenarios: one with three inputs (wind direction, wind speed, and visibility) and another that includes the pilot's experience to assess its impact on the landing process. A fuzzy logic-based intelligent system generates three decisions: feasible, careful, and not feasible for landing an aircraft on a runway. The difference rate between the two experiments was 68%, indicating that the pilot's experience played a significant role and forced its importance in the results

Separation and Determination of Some Organic Acids in Dry Calyces of Iraqi Hibiscus Sabdariffa Linn

A new reversed phase- high performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method with Ultraviolet-Visible spectrophotometry has been optimized and validated for the simultaneous extraction and determination of organic acids present in Iraqi calyces of Hibiscus Sabdraffia Linn. The method is based on using ultrasonic bath for extracting organic acids. Limit of detection in µg/ml of Formic acid, Acetic acid, Oxalic acid, Citric acid, Succinic acid, Tartaric acid, and Malic acid 126.8498×10-6, 113.6005×10-6, 97.0513×10-6, 49.7925×10-6, 84.0753×10-6, 92.6551×10-6, and 106.1633×10-6 ,respectively. The concentration of organic acids found in dry spacemen of calyces of Iraqi Hibiscus Sabdraffia Linn. under study: Formic acid, Acetic acid, Oxalic acid, Citric acid, Succinic acid, Tartaric acid, and Malic acid are 114.896 µg/g, 64.722 µg/g, 342.508 µg/g, 126.902 µg/g, 449.91 µg/g, 268.52 µg/g, and 254.07 µg/g respectively

Fifth Generation (5G) New Radio (NR) Channel Codes Contenders Based on Field- Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA): A Review Paper

ان الحاجة المتزايدة على الجودة، مثل السرعة العالية والتاخير المنخفض والتغطية الواسعة واستهلاك الطاقة والتكلفة والاتصالات الموثوقة في خدمات الهاتف المحمول والوسائط المتعددة ونقل البيانات تفرض استخدام المتطلبات التقنية المتقدمة في الجيل الخامس (5G) الإذاعة الجديدة (NR). واحدة من أهم الأجزاء في الطبقة المادية للجيل الجديد هي تقنية الترميز لتصحيح الأخطاء. هنالك ثلاثة اشكال مقترحة لتقنيات الترميز المخصصة لقنوات نقل البيانات وقنوات التحكم هي  الترميز التوربيني وفحص التكافؤ المنخفض الكثافة (LDPC) والرموز القطبية. يتم تقييم المنافسة بين هذه الانواع من حيث القدرة على تصحيح الأخطاء والتعقيد الحسابي والمرونة. التوازي والمرونة وسرعة المعالجة العالية لمصفوفة البوابة القابلة للبرمجة الميدانية (FPGA) تجعلها أفضل في النماذج الأولية وتنفيذ الرموز المختلفة. تقدم هذه الورقة دراسة استقصائية للبحوث الحالية التي تتعامل مع تصميم وحدة فك الترميز المستندة إلى FPGA المرتبطة برموز القناة المذكورة سابقًا.The increased demands for quality, like high throughput, low-latency, wide coverage, energy consumption, cost and reliable connections in mobile services, multimedia and data transmission impose the use of advance technical requirements for the next fifth-generation (5G) new radio (NR). One of the most crucial parts in the physical layer of the new generation is the error correction coding technique. Three schemes, namely; Turbo, low density parity check (LDPC), and polar codes are potentially ‎considered as the candidate codes for both data and control channels. The competition is evaluated in terms of error correction capability, computational complexity, and flexibility. The parallelism, flexibility and high processing speed of Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) make it preferable in prototyping and implementation of different codes. This paper presents a survey on the current literatures that deals with FPGA-based decoder design associated with the previously mentioned channel codes

Paracrine IL-2 Is Required for Optimal Type 2 Effector Cytokine Production

IL-2 is a pleiotropic cytokine that promotes the differentiation of Th cell subsets, including Th1, Th2, and Th9 cells, but it impairs the development of Th17 and T follicular helper cells. Although IL-2 is produced by all polarized Th subsets to some level, how it impacts cytokine production when effector T cells are restimulated is unknown. We show in this article that Golgi transport inhibitors (GTIs) blocked IL-9 production. Mechanistically, GTIs blocked secretion of IL-2 that normally feeds back in a paracrine manner to promote STAT5 activation and IL-9 production. IL-2 feedback had no effect on Th1- or Th17-signature cytokine production, but it promoted Th2- and Th9-associated cytokine expression. These data suggest that the use of GTIs results in an underestimation of the presence of type 2 cytokine-secreting cells and highlight IL-2 as a critical component in optimal cytokine production by Th2 and Th9 cells in vitro and in vivo

Systematic Evaluation for the Impact of the Geological Conditions on the Adsorption Affinities of Calcite as an Adsorbent of Zn2+ Ions from Aqueous Solutions: Experimental and Theoretical Studies

Three samples of calcite (calcite crystal (CA), calcite of limestone (L.CA), and metamorphosed calcite (marble) (M.CA)) were assessed as adsorbents of Zn (II) to consider the impact of the different geological conditions. The three samples exhibit remarkable changes in their Zn (II) retention capacities (Qsat = 384.6 mg/g (CA), 274.5 mg/g (L.CA), and 512.6 mg/g (M.CA)). The retention systems of the three calcite samples were described on the basis of the suggested statistical physics-based equilibrium studies as well as the traditional kinetic and isotherm models. However, the M.CA samples exhibited the best retention capacity, the steric properties reflecting a higher active site density of CA (Nm (Zn) = 113.46 mg/g) than both M.CA (Nm (Zn) = 82.8 mg/g) and L.CA (Nm (Zn) = 52.4 mg/g) at 323 K. This was assigned to the controlling effect of the sequestered numbers of Zn (II) per site on the surfaces of the calcite phase (n(Zn) = 3.39 (CA), 5.24 (L.CA), and 6.19 (M.CA)) in addition to the higher surface area and ion exchange of the metamorphosed and deformed M.CA. The previous n(Zn) values suggested the retention of Zn (II) by a multi-ionic mechanism in a vertical orientation. The Gaussian energies (8 to 16 KJ/mol) and retention energies (˂40 KJ/mol) of Zn (II) by CA and L.CA suggested complex physical and weak chemical mechanisms involving ion exchange, hydrogen bonding, dipole bonding forces, electrostatic attractions, and van der Waals forces. The thermodynamic properties were illustrated on the basis of the internal energy, free enthalpy, and entropy functions, which validate the endothermic and spontaneous nature of the Zn (II) retention system by the three calcite samples

Voting behavior during FDA Medical Device Advisory Committee panel meetings

Objectives During premarket review, the US Food and Drug Administration may ask its Medical Device Advisory Committee (MDAC) Panels to assess the safety and effectiveness of medical devices being considered for approval. The objective of this study is to assess the relationship, if any, between individual votes and Panel recommendations and: (1) the composition of Panels, specifically the expertise and demographic features of individual members; or (2) Panel members’ propensity to speak during Panel deliberations. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study of routinely collected data from voting members of MDAC panels convened between January 2011 to June 2016 to consider premarket approval. Data sources were verbatim transcripts available publicly from the FDA. Number of words spoken, directionality of votes on device approval, profession, and demographics were collected. Results 658,954 words spoken by 536 members during 49 meetings of 11 Panels were analyzed. Based on multivariate analysis, biostatisticians spoke more (+373 words; P = 0.0002), and women (-187 words; P = 0.0184) and other non-physician voting members less (-213 words; P = 0.0306), than physicians. Speaking more was associated with abstaining (P = 0.0179), and with voting against the majority (P = 0.0153). Non-physician, non-biostatistician members (P = 0.0109), and those having attended more meetings as a voting member (P = 0.0249) were more likely to vote against approval. In bivariable analysis, unanimous Panels had a greater proportion of biostatisticians (mean 0.1580; 95% CI 0.1237–0.1923) than non-unanimous Panels (0.1107; 95% CI 0.0912–0.1301; p = 0.0201). Conclusions Panelists likely to vote against the majority include non-physician, non-biostatisticians; experienced Panelists; and more talkative members. The increased presence of biostatisticians on Panels leads to greater voting consensus. Having a diversity of opinions on Panels, including in sufficient numbers those members likely to dissent from majority views, may help ensure that a diversity of opinions are aired before decision-making