Design a compact CPW monopole antenna on rubber substrate for ISM band application

One of the most challenging works on compact antenna design is to maintain the flexibility orientation. This paper demonstrates a coplanar waveguide (CPW) fed monopole antenna with rubber substrate at 2.45 GHz center frequency for ISM band application. The proposed antenna attained the realized gain at 4.06 dB with the radiation efficiency around 90% at peak value and the bandwidth of 541.5 MHz. The antenna was designed using the CPW structure. CST microwave studio applied to design the proposed antenna simulation. The main purposed of this study is to improve the antenna performances specially the bandwidth, gain, and radiation efficiency. Moreover, another aim of that antenna design is to reduce the antenna size and thickness upon the existing related design with rubber substrate

Classification of Normal and Crackles Respiratory Sounds into Healthy and Lung Cancer Groups

Lung cancer is the most common cancer worldwide and the third most common cancer in Malaysia. Due to its high prevalence worldwide and in Malaysia, it is an utmost importance to have the disease detected at an early stage which would result in a higher chance of cure and possibly better survival. The current methods used for lung cancer screening might not be simple, inexpensive and safe and not readily accessible in outpatient clinics. In this paper, we present the classification of normal and crackles sounds acquired from 20 healthy and 23 lung cancer patients, respectively using Artificial Neural Network. Firstly, the sounds signals were decomposed into seven different frequency bands using Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) based on two different mother wavelets namely Daubechies 7 (db7) and Haar. Secondly, mean, standard deviation and maximum PSD of the detail coefficients for five frequency bands (D3, D4, D5, D6, and D7) were calculated as features. Fifteen features were used as input to the ANN classifier. The results of classification show that db7 based performed better than Haar with perfect 100% sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for testing and validation stages when using 15 nodes at the hidden layer. While for Haar, only testing stage shows the perfect 100% for sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy when using 10 nodes at the hidden layer

Design a CPW antenna on rubber substrate for multiband applications

This paper presents a compact CPW monopole antenna on rubber substrate for multiband applications. The multi band applications (2.45 and 3.65 GHz) is achieved on this antenna design with better antenna performances. Specially this antenna focused on ISM band application meanwhile some of slots (S1, S2, S3) have been used and attained another frequency band at 3.65 GHz for WiMAX application. The achievement of the antenna outcomes from this design that the bandwidth of 520 MHz for first band, the second band was 76 MHz for WiMAX application and the radiation efficiency attained around 90%. Moreover, the realized gain was at 4.27 dBi which overcome the most of existing design on that field. CST microwave studio has been used for antenna simulation

Design of an Enhanced Electric Field Sensor Circuit in 0.18 μm CMOS for a Lab-on-a-Chip Bio-cell Detection Micro-Array

An improved CMOS Electric-Field Sensor circuit for sensing bio-cells is presented. The sensor can be used in a Lab-on-a-chip micro-array that uses dielectrophoretic actuation for detecting bio-cells. Compared to the previously published design (DeFET), this improved circuit utilizes the current in both branches of the DeFET to provide a much larger output sensed voltage for the same input electric field intensity (V/m). The enhanced circuit indicates several orders higher electric field sensitivity based on the same 0.18 μm CMOS technology. In general, the improved circuit is found to provide 30dB higher sensitivity relative to the previous DeFET circuit

Development of portable digital spirometer using NI sbRIO

One of the effective ways to diagnose various respiratory diseases is using spirometry test. Good spirometer comes with excellent graphical user interface. Spirometer is used to measure lung parameters such as FVC (Forced Vital Capacity) and FEV1 (Forced Expiratory Volume in the first second). The aim of this project is to develop a portable spirometer using NI sbRIO FPGA board and LabVIEW Software. The LabVIEW program consists of two parts: 1) the data acquisition and 2) the disease diagnosis. The data acquisition part will obtain data from user in terms of breathed air. Meanwhile, the disease diagnosis part will use the obtained data to analyze the disease. The system uses National Instrument Single Board Rio 9636 (NI sbRIO) for digital data conversion and data acquisition and breathing hardware from which users will used to flow air into the spirometer. The breathing hardware uses Venturi’s principle where the difference of the two pressures with different tube diameters used to measure flow rate and volume of air exhaled over a period of time; to determine the respiratory conditions. Results obtained from three different volunteers with different health performances are also presented in this paper. The FEV1 ratio of a healthy volunteer is 81.1%, an asthma volunteer is 72.04%, while a volunteer with suspected bronchitis is 33.4%. Based on these results, unhealthy users tend to have smaller value of FEV1 with lower area under the curve when compared to a healthy user. The test results are represented in parameters of pulmonary functions which include Volume-time and Flowvolume graphs

Development of wearable patch antenna for medical application

This paper presents the development of a flexible antenna made of Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and Copper (Cu) patch. The antenna comprises of Cu tape as the patch and ground plane, PDMS composite as the substrate and SMA connector as the coaxial feed with dimensions of 21.5mm patch radius, 60x60x3 mm3 substrate area and 60x60 mm2 ground plane area. In this study, we also create a PDMS+glass microsphere composite as substitute to the PDMS substrate. The PDMS+glass inclusion reduces PDMS’s relative permittivity and loss tangent to 1.9 and 0.014 respectively which could enhance antenna’s performance. To overcome adhesiveness issue between Cu patch and PDMS substrate, the antenna was encapsulated with another thin layer of PDMS/PDMS+glass substrate of 0.6mm thickness to ensure a constant distance from the ground plane. CST software was used to simulate antenna resonance frequency prior to the fabrication. Measurements using a Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) showed that the PDMS substrate antennas resonated at 1.92 GHz (without encapsulation) and 2.34 GHz (with encapsulation) while the PDMS+glass substrate antennas resonated at 2.46 GHz (without encapsulation) and 2.25 GHz (with encapsulation) respectively. Here, we also discussed the effect of substrate on return loss. Overall, results obtained from the measurements are in agreement with the simulation results

Characterization of respiratory conditions using labVIEW and digital spirometer

One of the effective ways to diagnose various respiratory diseases is using spirometry test. Good spirometer comes with excellent graphical user interface. Spirometer is used to measure lung parameters such as Forced Expiratory Volume in the first second and the sixth seconds (FEV1 and FEV6). This paper presents an algorithm with Graphical User Interface (GUI) for characterization of respiratory conditions using LabVIEW Software. The whole spirometry system consists of a breathing circuitry with pressure sensor and a data acquisition board (NI sbRIO FPGA board). Results obtained from three different volunteers with different health performances are also presented in this paper. The FEV1/FEV6 ratio of a healthy volunteer is 81.1%, an asthma volunteer is 72.04%, and suspected bronchitis volunteer is 33.4%. Based on these results, the unhealthy volunteers tend to have smaller value of FEV1 with lower area under the curve when compared to healthy volunteer

Characterization of respiratory conditions using labVIEW and digital spirometer

One of the effective ways to diagnose various respiratory diseases is using spirometry test. Good spirometer comes with excellent graphical user interface. Spirometer is used to measure lung parameters such as Forced Expiratory Volume in the first second and the sixth seconds (FEV1 and FEV6). This paper presents an algorithm with Graphical User Interface (GUI) for characterization of respiratory conditions using LabVIEW Software. The whole spirometry system consists of a breathing circuitry with pressure sensor and a data acquisition board (NI sbRIO FPGA board). Results obtained from three different volunteers with different health performances are also presented in this paper. The FEV1/FEV6 ratio of a healthy volunteer is 81.1%, an asthma volunteer is 72.04%, and suspected bronchitis volunteer is 33.4%. Based on these results, the unhealthy volunteers tend to have smaller value of FEV1 with lower area under the curve when compared to healthy volunteer