Spatial mapping of shellfish marketing in Kure Ultra modern market, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria

Geographic Information system and Remote Sensing in the field of marketing is used in this study to open up a wide range of its possible applications as the study assessed shellfish marketing in Kure Ultra Modern Market Minna Niger State. The aim was to develop a database of various shellfish product on sale at the market. The demographic profile, socio-economic characteristics of the marketers and problem associated with the marketing, 100 questionnaires were administered the analytical tool used were frequency distribution, tables, percentages and cost-benefit ratio. Returns from the interview and questionnaire were use to verify the result which depicts that both male and female were engage in the business with female forming the majority group (55%) and 45% men. Marketing of the shellfish was profitable which was attributed to realization of the significant of shellfish over meat. The high profit was recorded in raining seasoning (70%) while dry season sales were 30%. Species of shellfish marketed were crayfish, prawn, cockles, snail, shrimps and crabs. The study also shows that the shellfishes mostly sold are in fresh form (85%) while 15% are in dry form. Daily sales ranges from N1000-N5000, majority of the respondents (75%) patronize low-cost transportation means between N500-N1000. In every enterprise there must be a problem; most of the problem encountered by the respondents were lack of constant supply from the landing site which is mostly marine environment, inadequate storage facility, poor transportation, high tax charges and theft; all this attribute data and the co-ordinate of the selling point at the market were put into ArcGIS environment. Base on the findings, recommendations were profiled to the government and database kept for references

HUBUNGAN ANTARA KONDISI FISIK RUMAH DAN KEPADATAN HUNIAN DENGAN KEJADIAN ISPA PADA ANAK BALITA DI KELURAHAN SINDULANG 1 KECAMATAN TUMINTING KOTA MANADO

Pendahuluan : Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA) adalah penyakit saluran pernapasan atas atau bawah biasanya menular dan sering terjadi pada anak. Tingkat mortalitas ISPA sangat tinggi pada bayi dan anak-anak. Kejadian ISPA pada balita di Puskesmas Tuminting perkiraan penumonia 22 balita dan kesukaran bernafas 10 balita. Tujuan : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kondisi fisik rumah dan kepadatan hunian dengan kejadian ISPA pada anak balita di kelurahan Sindulang 1 Kecamatan Tuminting Kota Manado pada tahun 2018. Metode Penelitian : Jenis penelitian ini adalah survei analitik dengan rancangan cross sectional. Jumlah sampel yang diambil 100 responden dari 345 populasi. Variabel yang diteliti yaitu luas ventilasi, jenis lantai, kepadatan hunian dan kejadian ISPA. Analisis data menggunakan uji chi square dan fisher exact test. Nilai koefisien dalam penelitian ini yaitu (α) 0,05, Sehingga jika nilai (p value) dari hasil uji statistik lebih dari nilai α maka variabel tersebut tidak berhubungan sebaliknya jika nilai (p value) kurang dari nilai α maka variabel tersebut berhubungan. Hasil : Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara luas ventilasi dengan kejadian ISPA p= 0,000, tidak terdapat hubungan antara jenis lantai dengan kejadian ISPA p=0,801, dan tidak terdapat hubungan antara kepadatan hunian dengan kejadian ISPA p=0,531. Kesimpulan : Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu terdapat hubungan antara luas ventilasi dengan kejadian ISPA pada anak balita, tidak terdapat hubungan antara jenis lantai dengan kejadian ISPA pada anak balita dan tidak terdapat hubungan antara kepadatan hunian dengan kejadian ISPA pada anak balita. Saran : Disarankan Puskesmas Tuminting memberikan penyuluhan tentang penyakit ISPA.Kata Kunci : Ventilasi, Lantai, Kepadatan Hunian, ISPAABSTRACTBackground : Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) is upper or lower respiratory tract diseases is usually contagious and common in children. The mortality rate of ARI is very high in infants and children. The incidence of ARI in infants at Puskesmas Tuminting estimated 22 toddlers penumonia and difficulty breathing 10 toddlers. Purposes : The study aimed to determine the relationship among the physical condition of house and the density of occupancy with the incidence of ARI in children under five in Kelurahan Sindulang 1 Kecamatan Tuminting Kota Manado on 2018. Method : The type of this study was survey analytical by cross sectional design. The number of samples taken 100 respondents from 345 population. The variables studied were ventilation area, floor type, occupancy density and ARI occurrence. The data analysis was done using chi square and fisher exact test. Coefficient value in this research that is (α) 0,05, So if the value (p value) of the statistical test results more than the value of α then the variable is not related otherwise if the value (p value) is less than the value of α then the variable is related. Result : The results showed that there was a relationship between ventilation area with ARI occurrence p = 0,000, there was no correlation between floor type and incidence of ARI p = 0,801, and there is no relationship between the density of occupancy with the incidence of ARI p = 0,531. Coclusion : From this results of research can be concluded that there is a relationship between ventilation area with the incidence of ARI in children under five, there is no relationship between the type of floor with the incidence of ARI in children under five and there is no relationship between the density of occupancy with the incidence of ARI in children under five. Suggestion : To proposed the Puskesmas Tuminting could be given provide counseling about ARI dieases.Keywords : Ventilation, Floor, Occupancy Density, AR

Development of wireless-based low-cost current controlled stimulator for patients with spinal cord injuries

A spinal cord injury (SCI) has a severe impact on human life in general as well as on the physical status and condition. The use of electrical signals to restore the function of paralyzed muscles is called functional electrical stimulation (FES). FES is a promising way to restore mobility to SCI by applying low-level electrical current to the paralyzed muscles so as to enhance that person’s ability to function and live independently. However, due to the limited number of commercially available FES assisted exerciser systems and their rather high cost, the conventional devices are unaffordable for most peoples. It also inconvenient because of wired based system that creates a limitation in performing exercise. Thus, this project is concerned with the development of low-cost current controlled stimulator mainly for the paraplegic subjects. The developed device should be based on a microcontroller, wireless based system using Zigbee module, voltage-to-current converter circuit and should produce proper monophasic and biphasic current pulses, pulse trains, arbitrary current waveforms, and a trigger output for FES applications. The performances of the device will be assessed through simulation study and validated through experimental work. This device will be developed as in the new technique of the stimulator development with low cost and one of the contributing factors in Rehabilitation Engineering for patients with SCI

Development of wireless-based low-cost current controlled stimulator for patients with spinal cord injuries

A spinal cord injury (SCI) has a severe impact on human life in general as well as on the physical status and condition. The use of electrical signals to restore the function of paralyzed muscles is called functional electrical stimulation (FES). FES is a promising way to restore mobility to SCI by applying low-level electrical current to the paralyzed muscles so as to enhance that person’s ability to function and live independently. However, due to the limited number of commercially available FES assisted exerciser systems and their rather high cost, the conventional devices are unaffordable for most peoples. It also inconvenient because of wired based system that creates a limitation in performing exercise. Thus, this project is concerned with the development of low-cost current controlled stimulator mainly for the paraplegic subjects. The developed device should be based on a microcontroller, wireless based system using Zigbee module, voltage-to-current converter circuit and should produce proper monophasic and biphasic current pulses, pulse trains, arbitrary current waveforms, and a trigger output for FES applications. The performances of the device will be assessed through simulation study and validated through experimental work. This device will be developed as in the new technique of the stimulator development with low cost and one of the contributing factors in Rehabilitation Engineering for patients with SCI

A Note on the Validity of Statistical Bootstrapping for Estimating the Uncertainty of Tensor Parameters in Diffusion Tensor Images

Diffusion tensors are estimated from magnetic resonance images (MRIs) that are diffusion-weighted, and those images inherently contain noise. Therefore, noise in the diffusion-weighted images produces uncertainty in estimation of the tensors and their derived parameters, which include eigenvalues, eigenvectors, and the trajectories of fiber pathways that are reconstructed from those eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Although repetition and wild bootstrap methods have been widely used to quantify the uncertainty of diffusion tensors and their derived parameters, we currently lack theoretical derivations that would validate the use of these two bootstrap methods for the estimation of statistical parameters of tensors in the presence of noise. The aim of this paper is to examine theoretically and numerically the repetition and wild bootstrap methods for approximating uncertainty in estimation of diffusion tensor parameters under two different schemes for acquiring diffusion weighted images. Whether these bootstrap methods can be used to quantify uncertainty in some diffusion tensor parameters, such as fractional anisotropy (FA), depends critically on the morphology of the diffusion tensor that is being estimated. The wild and repetition bootstrap methods in particular cannot quantify uncertainty in the principal direction (PD) of isotropic (or oblate) tensor. We also examine the use of bootstrap methods in estimating tensors in a voxel containing multiple tensors, demonstrating their limitations when quantifying the uncertainty of tensor parameters in those locations. Simulation studies are also used to understand more thoroughly our theoretical results. Our findings raise serious concerns about the use of bootstrap methods to quantify the uncertainty of fiber pathways when those pathways pass through voxels that contain either isotropic tensors, oblate tensors, or multiple tensors

Effects of four pre-sowing treatment methods (double phase) on the germination of the seeds of Afzelia africana Sm. ex Pers

The study investigated the effects of four pre-treatment methods on the germination response of the seeds of Afzelia africana (Sm. ex Pers) in the savannah ecozones of Nigeria. The experiment was carried out in two phases. Phase I involved; 50% concentrated sulphuric acid for 10 minutes, hot water at 100ºC for 3 minutes, cold water at room temperature for 24 hours, Mechanical scarification (rubbing on abrasive concrete surface). Phase II of the experiment was carried out based on the result of phase I. Mechanical scarification, which performed best among the treatments used in the first phase, was closely examined. The various mechanical scarifications used were rubbing the seeds on abrasive concrete surface to the length of 1mm into the seed coat, 2mm, 3mm and 4mm. The experimental layout used was Completely Randomized Design. For phase I, mechanical scarification had 25% germination rate and had the highest germination compared to other treatments. Due to the performance of mechanical scarification in phase I, varying mechanical scarification treatments were further investigated in phase II of the experiment. The result of the analysis of variance indicated a significant difference between the varying mechanical scarification treatments (p≤0.05). Separation of the means showed that 1mm mechanical scarification treatment differed significantly from all other treatments. 1mm mechanical scarification treatment gave an average germination of 50% and early emergence of 9 days. Therefore, 1mm mechanical scarification treatment was regarded as the best mechanical scarification treatment for the germination of Afzelia africana seeds.Keywords: pre-treatment, dormancy, germination, Afzelia african

PERANAN KOTA BOGOR, DEPOK, TANGERANG, BEKASI, DAN CIANJUR (BODETABEKJUR) DALAM MENYOKONG PEMBANGUNAN KOTA JAKARTA

Kawasan Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, Bekasi, Puncak, Cianjur, yang selanjutnya disebut sebagai Kawasan Jabodetabekpunjur, adalah kawasan strategis nasional yang meliputi seluruh wilayah Provinsi Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta, sebagian wilayah Provinsi Jawa Barat, dan sebagian wilayah Provinsi Banten (Perpres. No. 54 tahun 2008). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah (1) mengidentifikasi sektor unggulan perekonomian wilayah kabupaten/kota di Kawasan Jabodetabekjur serta; (2) mengidentifikasi peranan kabupaten/kota sekitar (Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, Bekasi, Puncak, Cianjur) terhadap pembangunan fisik infrastuktur Kota Jakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode wawancara terhadap 3 responden yang merupakan penentu kebijakan pembangunan di Kota Jakarta. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa setiap kota di Jabodetabekjur dan Kabupaten Cianjur memiliki sektor basis yang didominasi oleh sektor tersier. Kabupaten sisanya memiliki sektor unggulan pada sektor primer dan sektor sekunder. Peranan utama dari kabupaten/kota pada Bodetabekjur adalah pembangunan transportasi massal, peningkatan kapasitas jalan

Phenotypic characteristics of local chickens in Dass and Tafawa Balewa local government areas of Bauchi State, Nigeria

The study was conducted in Dass and Tafawa Balewa local government areas of Bauchi State, between January and April 2018 to determine some characteristics of local chickens. A total of 400 matured chickens of mixed sex were used to determine the following morphometric traits; live weight (LW), wing span (WSP), body length (BL), girth circumference (GC) and shank length (SHL). Most of the birds available for the study were normal feathered (80.75 %), single combed (94.50 %), orange eyed (81.50 %), had white ear lobes (43.75 %), milky shanks (37.75 %) and red plumage (36.75 %), while the fewest types were frizzled (7.50 %), rose combed (5.50%), Brown eyed (2.50%), those with red ear lobes (22.75 %), ash shank (2.00 %), and blue plumage (1.00 %). Single combed (95.60%), orange eyed (84.10%) had white skin (98.60%) white ear lobe (44.50%), pink shank (36.00%) and red plumage (38.8%) and the fewest were rose combed (4.40%), brown eyed (1.10%), yellow skinned (1.40%), those with red ear lobe (22.31%), ash shanked (1.10%) and those with blue plumage (0.50%). Data generated on morphometric traits were analyzed using analysis of variance and Pearson’s correlation analysis was used in the estimation of relationships among the measurements (morphometric traits). The overall mean of 1.67 kg, 43.19 cm, 41.27 cm, 31.49 cm and 10.19 cm for LW, WSP, BL, GC and SHL were estimated. Sex had effect on all the parameters recorded. Males were significantly heavier than female (1.79 vs 1.55 kg; p<0.001) and had wider girth (p< 0.001), longer wings (p<0.05), body (p<0.01) and shank (p<0.05). Non-significant effect of location, genotype and qualitative body traits (comb type, plumage, eye, ear lobe and shank colours) were however observed on most parameters. The correlation coefficients among the morphometric traits were high, positive and significant indicating that they can predict each other specifically during selection. Keywords: Morphometric traits, Local chickens, Correlation and Selectio

Effect of sulphate, chloride and elevated temperature on the properties of Egyptian slag binder

The present research aims to explain the physico-chemical and mechanical characteristics of alkali activated slag geopolymer binder (AASGB). Commercial sodium hydroxide (SH) and sodium silicate liquid (SSL) are utilized as an alkaline activator at different temperature namely 25oC and 65oC. The hydration characteristics and physico-mechanical properties are illustrated through the determination of combined water contents Wn), combined slag, total porosity (TP), compressive strength (CS), bulk density (BD) and XRD analysis as spectroscopic tools upto 180 days. The durability of the AASGB against aggressive ions (sulphate and chloride ions ) as well as effect of elevated temperatures upto 1000oC are studied. The activated binders are immersed under 5% MgSO4 and/or 5%MgCl2 solutions upto12 months. The data showed that the higher concentration of SH (1mol/kg) at 65oC exhibited the highest resistance to elevated temperature upto 1000oC as well as given a high resistance against sulphate and chloride attack

A Statistical Analysis of Brain Morphology Using Wild Bootstrapping

Methods for the analysis of brain morphology, including voxel-based morphology and surface-based morphometries, have been used to detect associations between brain structure and covariates of interest, such as diagnosis, severity of disease, age, IQ, and genotype. The statistical analysis of morphometric measures usually involves two statistical procedures: 1) invoking a statistical model at each voxel (or point) on the surface of the brain or brain subregion, followed by mapping test statistics (e.g., t test) or their associated p values at each of those voxels; 2) correction for the multiple statistical tests conducted across all voxels on the surface of the brain region under investigation. We propose the use of new statistical methods for each of these procedures. We first use a heteroscedastic linear model to test the associations between the morphological measures at each voxel on the surface of the specified subregion (e.g., cortical or subcortical surfaces) and the covariates of interest. Moreover, we develop a robust test procedure that is based on a resampling method, called wild bootstrapping. This procedure assesses the statistical significance of the associations between a measure of given brain structure and the covariates of interest. The value of this robust test procedure lies in its computationally simplicity and in its applicability to a wide range of imaging data, including data from both anatomical and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Simulation studies demonstrate that this robust test procedure can accurately control the family-wise error rate. We demonstrate the application of this robust test procedure to the detection of statistically significant differences in the morphology of the hippocampus over time across gender groups in a large sample of healthy subjects