Modeling the Temperature Fields of Copper Powder Melting in the Process of Selective Laser Melting

Various process variables influence on the quality of the end product when SLM (Selective Laser Melting) synthesizing items of powder materials. The authors of the paper suggest using the model of distributing the temperature fields when forming single tracks and layers of copper powder PMS-1. Relying on the results of modeling it is proposed to reduce melting of powder particles out of the scanning area

Modeling the Temperature Fields of Copper Powder Melting in the Process of Selective Laser Melting

Various process variables influence on the quality of the end product when SLM (Selective Laser Melting) synthesizing items of powder materials. The authors of the paper suggest using the model of distributing the temperature fields when forming single tracks and layers of copper powder PMS-1. Relying on the results of modeling it is proposed to reduce melting of powder particles out of the scanning area

Aspectos éticos y legales del uso de la inteligencia artificial en Rusia, la UE y los EE.UU: análisis jurídico comparativo

The article is devoted to the comparative legal analysis of ethic-legal questions of use of artificial intelligence in Russia, the European Union and the USA. The paper notes a deep and ambiguous discussion among scientists regarding the understanding and use of artificial intelligence as equal to a person. Thus, the EU adheres to a cautious approach to the legal regulation of robotics taking into account all risks and placing full responsibility for the compensation of damage caused by artificial intelligence on the person who created (programmed) and controlled the robot. In the Russian Federation, in the absence of a basic law, a draft Grishin law was proposed, which could have been the most courageous in the world practice. There is also no unified legal regulation of artificial intelligence in the United States, although some states regulate the use of robots, including unmanned vehicles in road traffic.El artículo está dedicado al análisis jurídico comparativo de cuestiones ético-legales del uso de la inteligencia artificial en Rusia, la Unión Europea y los Estados Unidos. El documento señala una discusión profunda y ambigua entre los científicos con respecto a la comprensión y el uso de la inteligencia artificial como igual a una persona. Por lo tanto, la UE se adhiere a un enfoque cauteloso de la regulación legal de la robótica teniendo en cuenta todos los riesgos y atribuyendo toda la responsabilidad de la compensación del daño causado por la inteligencia artificial a la persona que creó (programó) y controló el robot. En la Federación de Rusia, en ausencia de una ley básica, se propuso un proyecto de ley Grishin, que podría haber sido la práctica más valiente en el mundo. Tampoco existe una regulación legal unificada de la inteligencia artificial en los Estados Unidos, aunque algunos estados regulan el uso de robots, incluidos los vehículos no tripulados en el tráfico rodado

Process Conditions of Forming the Surface Layer of Aluminum Powder Product by Layer-by-layer Laser Sintering

The paper presents data on state of the art in selective laser sintering of products. Layer-by-layer sintering is shown to be a future-oriented technology, making it possible to synthesize products of metal powder materials. Factors, influencing the quality of a sintered product, are revealed in the paper. It presents outcomes of experiments, focused on the dependence of surface layer thickness of sintered aluminum powder PA-4 on laser processing conditions. Basic factors, influencing the quality of a sintered surface layer include laser power, speeds of scanning and moving the laser beam on the layer of powder. Thickness of the sintered layer varies from 0.74 to 1.55 mm, as the result of changing the laser processing conditions

Forming a single layer of a composite powder based on the Ti-Nb system via selective laser melting (SLM)

Alloys based on the titanium-niobium system are widely used in implant production. It is conditional, first of all, on the low modulus of elasticity and bio-inert properties of an alloy. These alloys are especially important for tooth replacement and orthopedic surgery. At present alloys based on the titanium-niobium system are produced mainly using conventional metallurgical methods. The further subtractive manufacturing an end product results in a lot of wastes, increasing, therefore, its cost. The alternative of these processes is additive manufacturing. Selective laser melting is a technology, which makes it possible to synthesize products of metal powders and their blends. The point of this technology is laser melting a layer of a powdered material; then a sintered layer is coated with the next layer of powder etc. Complex products and working prototypes are made on the base of this technology. The authors of this paper address to the issue of applying selective laser melting in order to synthesize a binary alloy of a composite powder based on the titanium-niobium system. A set of 10x10 mm samples is made in various process conditions. The samples are made by an experimental selective laser synthesis machine "VARISKAF-100MB". The machine provides adjustment of the following process variables: laser emission power, scanning rate and pitch, temperature of powder pre-heating, thickness of the layer to be sprinkled, and diameter of laser spot focusing. All samples are made in the preliminary vacuumized shielding atmosphere of argon. The porosity and thickness of the sintered layer related to the laser emission power are shown at various scanning rates. It is revealed that scanning rate and laser emission power are adjustable process variables, having the greatest effect on forming the sintered layer

Phase Composition and Microstructure of Ti-Nb Alloy Produced by Selective Laser Melting

The phase composition and microstructure of Ti-Nb alloy produced from composite titanium and niobium powder by selective laser melting (SLM) was studied. Produced monolayered Ti-Nb alloy enhanced the formation of fine-grained and medium-grained zones with homogeneous element composition of 36-38% Nb mass interval. Alloy phase composition responded to [beta]-alloy substrate phase (grain size was 5-7 pm) and non-equilibrium martensite [alpha]"- phase (grain size was 0.1-0.7 [mu]m). [alpha]"-phase grains were found along [beta]-phase grain boundaries and inside grains, including decreased niobium content. Alloy microhardness varied within 4200-5500 MPa

Ethical and Legal Aspects of the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Russia, EU, and the USA: Comparative Legal Analysis

The article is devoted to the comparative legal analysis of ethic-legal questions of use of artificial intelligence in Russia, the European Union and the USA. The paper notes a deep and ambiguous discussion among scientists regarding the understanding and use of artificial intelligence as equal to a person. Thus, the EU adheres to a cautious approach to the legal regulation of robotics taking into account all risks and placing full responsibility for the compensation of damage caused by artificial intelligence on the person who created (programmed) and controlled the robot. In the Russian Federation, in the absence of a basic law, a draft Grishin law was proposed, which could have been the most courageous in the world practice. There is also no unified legal regulation of artificial intelligence in the United States, although some states regulate the use of robots, including unmanned vehicles in road traffic