A global database of dissolved organic matter (DOM) concentration measurements in coastal waters (CoastDOM v1)

Measurements of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), nitrogen (DON), and phosphorus (DOP) con-centrations are used to characterize the dissolved organic matter (DOM) pool and are important components ofbiogeochemical cycling in the coastal ocean. Here, we present the first edition of a global database (CoastDOMv1; available at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.964012, L\uf8nborg et al., 2023) compiling previously pub-lished and unpublished measurements of DOC, DON, and DOP in coastal waters. These data are complementedby hydrographic data such as temperature and salinity and, to the extent possible, other biogeochemical variables(e.g. chlorophyll a, inorganic nutrients) and the inorganic carbon system (e.g. dissolved inorganic carbon andtotal alkalinity). Overall, CoastDOM v1 includes observations of concentrations from all continents. However,most data were collected in the Northern Hemisphere, with a clear gap in DOM measurements from the SouthernHemisphere. The data included were collected from 1978 to 2022 and consist of 62 338 data points for DOC,20 356 for DON, and 13 533 for DOP. The number of measurements decreases progressively in the sequenceDOC > DON > DOP, reflecting both differences in the maturity of the analytical methods and the greater focuson carbon cycling by the aquatic science community. The global database shows that the average DOC concen-tration in coastal waters (average \ub1 standard deviation (SD): 182 \ub1 314 μmol C L−1; median: 103 μmol C L−1) is13-fold higher than the average coastal DON concentration (13.6 \ub1 30.4 μmol N L−1; median: 8.0 μmol N L−1),which is itself 39-fold higher than the average coastal DOP concentration (0.34 \ub1 1.11 μmol P L−1; median:0.18 μmol P L−1). This dataset will be useful for identifying global spatial and temporal patterns in DOM and willhelp facilitate the reuse of DOC, DON, and DOP data in studies aimed at better characterizing local biogeochem-ical processes; closing nutrient budgets; estimating carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorous pools; and establishing abaseline for modelling future changes in coastal waters

Ocean carbon from space: Current status and priorities for the next decade

This is the final version. Available on open access from Elsevier via the DOI in this recordData availability: Data for Fig. 1a were generated from a free Scopus (https://www.scopus.com/) search of the terms "Ocean carbon satellite" (using All fields) in March 2022. Data from Fig. 1b and 1c were generated from the workshop registration and are available within the figure (participation number, geographical representation and gender split).The ocean plays a central role in modulating the Earth’s carbon cycle. Monitoring how the ocean carbon cycle is changing is fundamental to managing climate change. Satellite remote sensing is currently our best tool for viewing the ocean surface globally and systematically, at high spatial and temporal resolutions, and the past few decades have seen an exponential growth in studies utilising satellite data for ocean carbon research. Satellite-based observations must be combined with in-situ observations and models, to obtain a comprehensive view of ocean carbon pools and fluxes. To help prioritise future research in this area, a workshop was organised that assembled leading experts working on the topic, from around the world, including remote-sensing scientists, field scientists and modellers, with the goal to articulate a collective view of the current status of ocean carbon research, identify gaps in knowledge, and formulate a scientific roadmap for the next decade, with an emphasis on evaluating where satellite remote sensing may contribute. A total of 449 scientists and stakeholders participated (with balanced gender representation), from North and South America, Europe, Asia, Africa, and Oceania. Sessions targeted both inorganic and organic pools of carbon in the ocean, in both dissolved and particulate form, as well as major fluxes of carbon between reservoirs (e.g., primary production) and at interfaces (e.g., air-sea and land–ocean). Extreme events, blue carbon and carbon budgeting were also key topics discussed. Emerging priorities identified include: expanding the networks and quality of in-situ observations; improved satellite retrievals; improved uncertainty quantification; improved understanding of vertical distributions; integration with models; improved techniques to bridge spatial and temporal scales of the different data sources; and improved fundamental understanding of the ocean carbon cycle, and of the interactions among pools of carbon and light. We also report on priorities for the specific pools and fluxes studied, and highlight issues and concerns that arose during discussions, such as the need to consider the environmental impact of satellites or space activities; the role satellites can play in monitoring ocean carbon dioxide removal approaches; economic valuation of the satellite based information; to consider how satellites can contribute to monitoring cycles of other important climatically-relevant compounds and elements; to promote diversity and inclusivity in ocean carbon research; to bring together communities working on different aspects of planetary carbon; maximising use of international bodies; to follow an open science approach; to explore new and innovative ways to remotely monitor ocean carbon; and to harness quantum computing. Overall, this paper provides a comprehensive scientific roadmap for the next decade on how satellite remote sensing could help monitor the ocean carbon cycle, and its links to the other domains, such as terrestrial and atmosphere.European Space AgencySimons FoundationUK National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO)UKRIAtlantic Meridional Transect ProgrammeSwiss National Science Foundatio

A global database of dissolved organic matter (DOM) measurements in coastal waters (CoastDOM v1)

International audienceAbstract. The measurements of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), nitrogen (DON), and phosphorus (DOP) are used to characterize the dissolved organic matter (DOM) pool and are important components of biogeochemical cycling in the coastal ocean. Here, we present the first edition of a global database (CoastDOM v1; available at https://figshare.com/s/512289eb43c4f8e8eaef) compiling previously published and unpublished measurements of DOC, DON, and DOP collected in coastal waters. These data are complemented by hydrographic data such as temperature and salinity and, to the extent possible, other biogeochemical variables (e.g., Chlorophyll-a, inorganic nutrients) and the inorganic carbon system (e.g., dissolved inorganic carbon and total alkalinity). Overall, CoastDOM v1 includes observations from all continents however, most data were collected in the Northern Hemisphere, with a clear gap in coastal water DOM measurements from the Southern Hemisphere. The data included were collected from 1978 to 2022 and consist of 62339 data points for DOC, 20360 for DON and 13440 for DOP. The number of measurements decreases progressively in the sequence DOC > DON > DOP, reflecting both differences in the maturity of the analytical methods and the greater focus on carbon cycling by the aquatic science community. The global database shows that the average DOC concentration in coastal waters (average (standard deviation; SD): 182 (314) µmol C L−1; median: 103 µmol C L−1), is 13-fold greater than the average coastal DON concentrations (average (SD): 13.6 (30.4) µmol N L−1; median: 8.0 µmol N L−1), which was itself 39-fold greater than the average coastal DOP concentrations (average (SD): 0.34 ± 1.11 µmol P L−1; median: 0.18 µmol P L−1). This dataset will be useful to identify global spatial and temporal patterns in DOM and to facilitate reuse of DOC, DON and DOP data in studies aimed at better characterising local biogeochemical processes, closing nutrient budgets, estimating carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous pools, as well as identifying a baseline for modelling future changes in coastal waters

Emerging patterns of marine nitrogen fixation

Biological N2 fixation is an important part of the marine nitrogen cycle as it provides a source of new nitrogen that can support biological carbon export and sequestration. Research in the past decade has focused on determining the patterns of distribution and abundance of diazotrophs, defining the environmental features leading to these patterns and characterizing the factors that constrain marine N2 fixation overall. In this Review, we describe how variations in the deposition of iron from dust to different ocean basins affects the limiting nutrient for N2 fixation and the distribution of different diazotrophic species. However, many questions remain about marine N2 fixation, including the role of temperature, fixed nitrogen species, CO2 and physical forcing in controlling N2 fixation, as well as the potential for heterotrophic N2 fixation