Mexican northern border municipalities, financial dependence and institutions

Mexican northern border municipalities have experienced economic and populational growth rates that are much higher than other Mexican regions resulting in higher demand for public services and infrastructure. The different institutional framework, both fiscal and legal, faced by municipalities in every Mexican State might impact the fiscal behavior of local governments. This article examines whether border municipalities are more financially dependent on central authorities due to the high demand for public services in their jurisdictions and their inability to obtain sufficient funding. Several econometric models are estimated for 300 Mexican municipalities in the year 2000. A strong and negative relationship between income and financial dependence is found, as expected. We also learned that institutional and regional factors should not be omitted in the model specifications. Statistical theory based on the estimations shows that the border municipalities of Ciudad Juárez and Puerto Peñasco have systematically lower financial dependence than others. However, there is no general rule regarding border municipalities and financial dependence

The Impact of a Didactic Strategy using Technology to Strengthen the Learning of Mathematics

The didactic strategy of this study consisted of the implementation of virtual practices for learning Mathematics at the university level. The objectives established to evaluate the impact of the strategy were to determine the contribution of these virtual practices and identify their effect on students’ academic performance. The strategy was carried out in the course Fundamentals of Mathematics, for first semester students in the Engineering programs at the Sonora Institute of Technology and 1,144 students participated between August 2018 and May 2019. The results proved that the students who participated scored higher in the course than those who did not participate. A dependency ratio was also found between the variables of students’ final grades in Fundamentals of Mathematics and the number of virtual practices they had carried out. The conclusion is that the didactic strategy significantly improves the passing rate and academic performance in the subject of Mathematics for which it was implemented

Financiamiento y provisión de bienes públicos. Un modelo de negociación

In this paper we represent the process of financing and providing public goods with a fulI-information bargaining model where both supply and demand sides are explicitly considered. In this bargaining process a consumer-voter and a bureaucrat negotiate the level of provision and the total tax-payment of the public good. After characterizing the feasible set of transactions and defining the efficient set of outcomes, we consider the generalized Nash bargaining solution for this game. We find that the observed result depends upon the negotiation strength of the players and that in general it will be a compromise between the extreme cases analyzed in the literature.

Convivencia vecinal y satisfacción con la colonia en los conjuntos habitacionales de México

La política urbana y de vivienda de México enfa-tiza la importancia del medio ambiente social, a través de la promoción de la cohesión social. La convivencia con los vecinos es un componente de dicha cohesión. En este artículo, analizamos la in-fluencia de la convivencia vecinal en el grado de satisfacción con la colonia, un determinante de la calidad de vida de las personas, de los residen-tes en conjuntos habitacionales mexicanos. Usa-mos los resultados de la Encuesta de Satisfacción Residencial 2013, agregados en los 512 conjun-tos habitacionales que incluye. Estimamos dife-rentes especificaciones por mínimos cuadrados generalizados, probit y logit. Encontramos que las variables relacionadas con la convivencia ve-cinal ayudan a explicar las variaciones en la satis-facción con la colonia entre conjuntos habitacio-nales. Este resultado es consistente entre métodos de estimación y variables de control.Mexican housing and urban policy emphasize the importance of the social environment by promoting social cohesion. Neighborly relations are a component of social cohesion. This article analyzes the influence of neighborly relations on neighborhood satisfaction, a decisive factor for individual quality of life in Mexican housing complexes. With data from the Residential Satisfaction Survey of 2013, which includes 512 housing complexes, different specifications are estimated using generalized least squares, probit and logit. Results show that neighborly relations variables help explain variations in neighbor-hood satisfaction across housing complexes. This result is consistent using different methods of estimation and control variables

A Novel PMSM Hybrid Sensorless Control Strategy for EV Applications Based on PLL and HFI

In this paper, a novel hybrid sensorless control strategy for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (PMSM) drives applied to Electric Vehicles (EV) is presented. This sensorless strategy covers the EV full speed range and also has speed reversal capability. It combines a High Frequency Injection (HFI) technique for low and zero speeds, and a Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) for the medium and high speed regions. A solution to achieve smooth transitions between the PLL and the HFI strategies is also proposed, allowing to correctly detect the rotor position polarity when HFI takes part. Wide speed and torque four-quadrant simulation results are provided, which validate the proposed sensorless strategy for being further implemented in EV.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

IPMSM torque control strategies based on LUTs and VCT feedback for robust control under machine parameter variations

In recent years, Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines (IPMSMs) have attracted a considerable attention in the scientific community and industry for Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) propulsion systems. Lookup Table (LUT) based Field Oriented Control (FOC) strategies are widely used for IPMSM torque control. However, LUTs strongly depend on machine parameters. Deviations of these parameters due to machine ageing, temperature or manufacturing inaccuracies can lead to control instabilities in the field weakening region. In this paper, two novel hybrid IPMSM control strategies combining the usage of LUTs and Voltage Constraint Tracking (VCT) feedbacks are proposed in order to overcome the aforementioned controllability issues. Simulation results that demonstrate the validity of the proposed approaches are presented.Postprint (author's final draft

Aspectos políticos de la dependencia financiera en los municipios mexicanos = Political aspects of financial dependence in mexican municipalities Political Aspects of Financial Dependence in Mexican Municipalities.

Resumen: La literatura especializada ha estudiado el impacto de las modificaciones en las instituciones fiscales el Sistema Nacional de Coordinación Fiscal (1980) y las reformas constitucionales al artículo 115 (1983 y 1999) sobre el grado de dependencia financiera de los gobiernos municipales y el desempeño gubernamental. Aunado a ello, el entorno político ha probado ser un determinante importante en dicho desempeño. En efecto, desde el enfoque de la economía política, diferentes estudios documentan los efectos del entorno político y las instituciones fiscales en variables fiscales -tales como el gasto y la deuda- en gobiernos nacionales y subnacionales. Con base en cuatro variables -la afiliación política del alcalde, la afiliación política del gobernador, la composición de los congresos locales y la celebración de elecciones locales-, los autores construyen indicadores de “confluencia política” a escala municipal y estudian la influencia sobre la dependencia financiera del grado de unificación del gobierno municipal, tanto con respecto al gobierno estatal como con respecto al congreso local, además de considerar la afiliación política del alcalde y el ciclo electoral local. A través de su enfoque analítico y sus hallazgos empíricos, este artículo amplía el alcance de los estudios empíricos sobre dependencia municipal fiscal. Así mismo, aporta al campo de la economía política y sus estudios sobre las finanzas públicas subnacionales. Abstract: Specialized literature has analyzed the impact of changes to fiscal institutions such as The National System of Fiscal Coordination (1980) and the constitutional reforms of article 115 (1983 and 1999) on the degree of financial dependence of local (municipal) governments and the governmental functioning. Political environment as well, affects to an important extent such functioning. Indeed, previous studies in the field of political economy point to the effects of political environment and fiscal institutions -such as public spending and debt- on national and sub-national governments. Based on four variables -political affiliation of the mayor, political affiliation of the governor, composition of local congresses and celebration of local elections-, the authors build indicators of “political confluence” at the municipal level. They study the effect that the degree of political unification at the municipal level has on the financial dependence with respect to the State government, and also to the local Congress. In their analysis, the authors also consider the political affiliation of the mayor and the local electoral cycle. Through its analytical focus and main empirical findings, this article contributes to broadening the scope of empirical studies of municipal financial dependence. Simultaneously, it adds to existing literature in the field of political economy that accounts for public finances at the sub-national level

Espacios de integración en la rehabilitación psicosocial comunitaria en la ciudad de Huaraz, 2019 – Centro de rehabilitación psicosocial provincial en Huaraz, Ancash, 2019

La presente investigación se basó en la problemática que se percibe actualmente la ciudad de Huaraz, el incremento de personas con enfermedades mentales, convirtiéndose en un peligro latente para los ciudadanos, ya que son atacados por estos sujetos, y en el peor de los casos un asesino serial que mantuvo al pueblo en vigilia; las autoridades atinan a recluirlos en las cárceles. Se debe a que Huaraz no cuenta con establecimientos que rehabiliten a estas personas, por ello el objetivo es analizar los espacios de integración en la rehabilitación psicosocial comunitaria para el tratamiento, recuperación y reinserción de pacientes con trastorno mental, ante la carencia de espacios físicos acordes a los cambios actuales en el modelo de atención de pacientes con trastorno mental. Determinando los elementos arquitectónicos con los que debe de contar un hogar protegido y su relación con el entorno de acuerdo con la psicología ambiental. La metodología es tipo no experimental, con un enfoque cualitativo para analizar problemas existentes, bajo el sustento de teorías existentes, y evaluación al entorno actual, para la recopilación de datos se utilizó la entrevista con preguntas abiertas semiestructuradas, cuadernillo de observación, ficha documental, casos análogos, obteniendo como resultado que el espacio de integración si influye en la rehabilitación psicosocial, llegando a la conclusión que el paciente que es rehabilitado psicosocialmente en los espacios de integración, sin perder los vínculos con sus semejantes en espacios terapéuticos se desarrollan en plenitud y tiene la habilidad social cuando son reinsertados a la sociedad

Biografía, hibridez literaria, elitismo social y modernismo en algunas crónicas desconocidas de Manuel Gutiérrez Nájera

The holdings of the 'Mapes-Carter' collection at Texas-Tech University contain a good amount of interesting material on Mexican modernista Manuel Gutiérrez Nájera (1859-1895). This material includes a group of unknown chronicles published by Nájera in El Cronista de México during the last moths of 1880. Those chronicles are especially useful to illuminate some aspects of Nájera's life as well as some other literary components of modernismo, such as the hybrid nature of chronicles, the links between modernismo and the social avant-garde of Porfirio Díaz' regime, and the role of women readers in this context.El fondo 'Mapes-Carter' de Texas-Tech University alberga una gran cantidad de material de primer interés acerca del modernista mexicano Manuel Gutiérrez Nájera (1859-1895). Entre ese material se encuentra una serie desconocida de crónicas publicadas por Nájera en El Cronista de México a finales de 1880 y que resultan especialmente útiles para iluminar la biografía del autor y otros aspectos como son la condición híbrida de la crónica finisecular, los vínculos del modernismo con las vanguardias y élites sociales del porfiriato y la relevancia del público femenino en todo este contexto