Verbal and Non-Verbal Means of Expressing Neutrality in the Communicative Behavior of a Mediator

The article is devoted to the communicative behavior of a mediator, whose professional activity is subject to certain norms, rules and principles. The principle of neutrality in the communicative behavior of the mediator is considered in detail. The efforts of two specialists: a lawyer, a practicing mediator, and a linguist who completed a basic course of mediation is combined in the article. The confidentiality of information related to the mediation procedure determined the choice of the main research methods: linguistic self-observation in combination with reflection of professional experience and included observation of the choice of language, speech and non-verbal means in quasi-real training situations. The study identified verbal and non-verbal means that allow the mediator to remain impartial and independent in mediation. Verbal means of neutrality are analyzed at the macro and micro levels of the language system and the speech activity of the mediator. It was revealed that the principle of neutrality is manifested in the mediator's open message about his role as a neutral intermediary, as well as in special technological methods of mediation: echo technique, resume and idea development. On the subject of neutrality, sound reactions, kinetic, visual and spatial signals of the mediator are analyzed. The restrictions and prohibitions in the communicative behavior of the mediator are determined. The conclusion is drawn about the caution of using the considered tools in specific conflict / dispute situations

ВЛИЯНИЕ ПРЕПАРАТА ВЕТОМ 20.76 НА ОСНОВЕ ХИЩНОГО ГРИБА ARTHROBOTRYS OLIGOSPORA НА УРОВЕНЬ ЛЕЙКОЦИТОВ В КРОВИ ГУСЕЙ

The paper demonstrates the results on the effect of new specimen Vetom 20.76 on concentration of leukocytes in the blood of geese on the basis of the predatory fungus Artusbotus oligospora. In order to achieve the goal of the experiment, one control group and six experimental groups were arranged on the principle of paired analogues. Each group contained 10 geese aged 1 month. The geese from the experimental groups received Vetom 20.76 in different doses in the morning with water once a day: the geese of the 1st experimental group - dose of 0.5 ppm/kg of live weight during 15 days; 2nd experimental group - 1 ppm/kg of live weight during 15 days; 3rd experimental group - 2 ppm/kg of live weight during 15 days, 4th experimental group - 0.5 ppm/kg live weight during 30 days, 5th experimental group - 1 ppm/kg live weight during 30 days and 6th - 2 ppm/kg live weight during 30 days. The geese of control group didn’t receive the specimen. The concentration of leukocytes in the blood of experimental geese increases in the period of specimen application as well as in the period of its aftereffect. If Vetom 20.76 is prescribed for 15 days, the effect of leukopoiesis stimulation finishes on the 30th day. If the specimen is applied during 30 days, the leukocytes in the blood continue to increase up to the 60th day. This long-term application of Vetom 20.76 dosed 0.5ppm/kg increases leucocytes within the physiological norm. Application of higher doses (1 and 2 ppm/kg) the leukocyte concentration conforms to the physiological normПредставлены данные о влиянии нового препарата Ветом 20.76 на основе хищного гриба Аrthrobotrys oligospora на концентрацию лейкоцитов в крови гусей. Для реализации цели исследования по принципу пар-аналогов были сформированы 1 контрольная и 6 опытных групп по 10 гусят в каждой в возрасте 1 месяца. Гусятам опытных групп применяли препарат Ветом 20.76 в различной дозировке в утренние часы с водой ежедневно 1 раз в сутки: гусятам 1-й опытной группы – в дозе 0,5 мкл/кг живой массы тела в течение 15 суток, 2-й– 1 мкл/кг живой массы тела в течение 15 суток, 3-й – 2 мкл/кг живой массы тела в течение 15 суток, 4-й – 0,5 мкл/кг живой массы тела в течение 30 суток, 5-й – 1 мкл/кг живой массы тела в течение 30 суток и 6-й – 2 мкл/кг живой массы тела в течение 30 суток. Гусям контрольной группы указанный препарат не назначали. Концентрация лейкоцитов в крови опытных гусей повышается как в период применения препарата, так и в период последействия. При назначении Ветома 20.76 в течение 15 суток эффект стимуляции лейкопоэза прекращается на 30-е сутки. При применении препарата в течение 30 суток продолжает происходить повышение лейкоцитов в крови до 60-х суток. При таком длительном применении Ветома 20.76 в дозе 0,5 мкл/кг повышение происходит в пределах физиологической нормы, а при использовании бо́ льших доз (1 и 2 мкл/кг) концентрация лейкоцитов превышает физиологическую норму

New Integrated High-Resolution Dinoflagellate Cyst Stratigraphy and Litho- and Chemostratigraphy from the Paris and Dieppe–Hampshire Basins for the “Sparnacian”

The Paris Basin represents an historical cradle of Palaeogene stratigraphy, where during the nineteenth century the Palaeocene Series and the “Sparnacian Stage” were established. As highlighted by Aubry et al. (2005), whereas the chronostratigraphic connotation of the “Sparnacian Stage” has been controversial since its definition, modern studies of the late Palaeocene–early Eocene interval have revealed that the so-called “Sparnacian” deposits encompass a remarkable and short (~170 kyr) episode of the Cenozoic, the Palaeocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM, ~55.8–55.6 Ma). Dinoflagellate assemblages from the “Sparnacian” of the Dieppe–Hampshire and Paris basins do not contain the key species Apectodinium augustum, whereas it is present in the northern Belgian Basin Tienen Formation and is coeval there with the CIE and the Apectodinium acme interval. However, our calibration of the Apectodinium acme to the CIE in the Dieppe–Hampshire and Paris basins suggests its attribution to the A. augustum zone. The absence of species A. augustum in the Anglo–Paris Basin may be explained by its restriction to more offshore conditions

Study of Tendency to Deformation Ageing of High-Strength Shipbuilding Steels

Due to expansion of application areas of high strength steels, estimation of possibility of their properties degradation is of interest. Investigations are conducted in revealing of ageing tendency of high strength shipbuilding steels. It was shown that to judge on occurrence of a tendency to a deformation ageing should not only be by changing of values of impact energy, but also by changing strength and plastic characteristics and by appearance of tension diagrams.В связи с расширением областей применения высокопрочных сталей, представляет интерес оценка возможности деградации их свойств. В работе проведены исследования по выявлению склонности к старению высокопрочных судостроительных сталей, показано, что судить о проявлении склонности к деформационному старению следует не только по изменению значений работы удара, но и по изменению прочностных и пластических характеристик и виду диаграмм растяжения

Signatures of a magnetic field-induced unconventional nematic liquid in the frustrated and anisotropic spin-chain cuprate LiCuSbO4

Modern theories of quantum magnetism predict exotic multipolar states in weakly interacting strongly frustrated spin-1/2 Heisenberg chains with ferromagnetic nearest neighbor (NN) inchain exchange in high magnetic fields. Experimentally these states remained elusive so far. Here we report strong indications of a magnetic field-induced nematic liquid arising above a field of ~13 T in the edge-sharing chain cuprate LiSbCuO4 ≡ LiCuSbO4. This interpretation is based on the observation of a field induced spin-gap in the measurements of the 7Li NMR spin relaxation rate T1−1 as well as a contrasting field-dependent power-law behavior of T1−1 vs. T and is further supported by static magnetization and ESR data. An underlying theoretical microscopic approach favoring a nematic scenario is based essentially on the NN XYZ exchange anisotropy within a model for frustrated spin-1/2 chains and is investigated by the DMRG technique. The employed exchange parameters are justified qualitatively by electronic structure calculations for LiCuSbO4

Entrepreneurial-intention constraint model: A comparative analysis among post-graduate management students in India, Singapore and Malaysia

YesAlthough literature on entrepreneurship has increasingly focused on intention-based models, not much emphasis has been laid on understanding the combined effect of contextual and situational factors along with support of university environment on the formation of entrepreneurial intention among students. In an effort to make up for this shortfall, by taking Theory of Planned Behavior as basic framework, the present study seeks to understand the influence of three of the most important factors, viz. (a) endogenous barriers, (b) exogenous environment, and (c) university environment and support on the entrepreneurial intention among management students. The study sample consisted of 1,097 students, wherein 526 students were from India, 252 from Singapore, and 319 were from Malaysia. The results indicates that along with positive attitude and perceived behavioral control that directly influences entrepreneurial intention, university environment and support and exogenous environment also have an indirect but significant impact on shaping of entrepreneurial intention among students. With this, it was found that exogenous environment was found to have a negative relationship with both attitude towards behavior and perceived behavioral control for all three countries.The full-text of this article will be released for public view at the end of the publisher embargo on 2 Jun 2018

Immunoglobulin, glucocorticoid, or combination therapy for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: a propensity-weighted cohort study

Background: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), a hyperinflammatory condition associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, has emerged as a serious illness in children worldwide. Immunoglobulin or glucocorticoids, or both, are currently recommended treatments. Methods: The Best Available Treatment Study evaluated immunomodulatory treatments for MIS-C in an international observational cohort. Analysis of the first 614 patients was previously reported. In this propensity-weighted cohort study, clinical and outcome data from children with suspected or proven MIS-C were collected onto a web-based Research Electronic Data Capture database. After excluding neonates and incomplete or duplicate records, inverse probability weighting was used to compare primary treatments with intravenous immunoglobulin, intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids, or glucocorticoids alone, using intravenous immunoglobulin as the reference treatment. Primary outcomes were a composite of inotropic or ventilator support from the second day after treatment initiation, or death, and time to improvement on an ordinal clinical severity scale. Secondary outcomes included treatment escalation, clinical deterioration, fever, and coronary artery aneurysm occurrence and resolution. This study is registered with the ISRCTN registry, ISRCTN69546370. Findings: We enrolled 2101 children (aged 0 months to 19 years) with clinically diagnosed MIS-C from 39 countries between June 14, 2020, and April 25, 2022, and, following exclusions, 2009 patients were included for analysis (median age 8·0 years [IQR 4·2–11·4], 1191 [59·3%] male and 818 [40·7%] female, and 825 [41·1%] White). 680 (33·8%) patients received primary treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin, 698 (34·7%) with intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids, 487 (24·2%) with glucocorticoids alone; 59 (2·9%) patients received other combinations, including biologicals, and 85 (4·2%) patients received no immunomodulators. There were no significant differences between treatments for primary outcomes for the 1586 patients with complete baseline and outcome data that were considered for primary analysis. Adjusted odds ratios for ventilation, inotropic support, or death were 1·09 (95% CI 0·75–1·58; corrected p value=1·00) for intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids and 0·93 (0·58–1·47; corrected p value=1·00) for glucocorticoids alone, versus intravenous immunoglobulin alone. Adjusted average hazard ratios for time to improvement were 1·04 (95% CI 0·91–1·20; corrected p value=1·00) for intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids, and 0·84 (0·70–1·00; corrected p value=0·22) for glucocorticoids alone, versus intravenous immunoglobulin alone. Treatment escalation was less frequent for intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids (OR 0·15 [95% CI 0·11–0·20]; p<0·0001) and glucocorticoids alone (0·68 [0·50–0·93]; p=0·014) versus intravenous immunoglobulin alone. Persistent fever (from day 2 onward) was less common with intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids compared with either intravenous immunoglobulin alone (OR 0·50 [95% CI 0·38–0·67]; p<0·0001) or glucocorticoids alone (0·63 [0·45–0·88]; p=0·0058). Coronary artery aneurysm occurrence and resolution did not differ significantly between treatment groups. Interpretation: Recovery rates, including occurrence and resolution of coronary artery aneurysms, were similar for primary treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin when compared to glucocorticoids or intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids. Initial treatment with glucocorticoids appears to be a safe alternative to immunoglobulin or combined therapy, and might be advantageous in view of the cost and limited availability of intravenous immunoglobulin in many countries. Funding: Imperial College London, the European Union's Horizon 2020, Wellcome Trust, the Medical Research Foundation, UK National Institute for Health and Care Research, and National Institutes of Health

Entrepreneurial intention among University students in Malaysia: integrating self-determination theory and the theory of planned behavior

The present study endeavors to develop a deeper understanding of the motivational processes involved in intentional entrepreneurial behavior. For this purpose, it integrates the social cognitive approach of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and the organismic theory of motivation of self-determination theory (SDT). More specifically, it tests the role of basic psychological needs of autonomy, competence and relatedness as defined in SDT in shaping university students’ attitudes and intentions toward entrepreneurship. The sample of this study consisted of 438 (Males = 166, Females =272) 3rd and4th year university students from four Malaysian Public Universities. The results of the study show that the model strongly explains about 71% of the variance in entrepreneurial intention. Basic psychological needs of autonomy, competence and relatedness have a strong indirect impact on entrepreneurial intention via their attitudinal antecedents: attitude,subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control. This indicates a full-mediational model,where the attitudinal factors operated as transmitters of effects from the distal constructs ofSDT on entrepreneurial intention. These findings confirm that both SDT and the TPB provide complementary explanations of the motivational processes of entrepreneurial behavior. The study contributes to the existing knowledge by providing a theory-based understanding of the role of motivations in the formation of entrepreneurial intentions. It opens the way for future research to analyze how alternative motivations may affect new venture creation, survival and success