Mycothiol synthesis by an anomerization reaction through endocyclic cleavage

Abstract Mycothiol is found in Gram-positive bacteria, where it helps in maintaining a reducing intracellular environment and it plays an important role in protecting the cell from toxic chemicals. The inhibition of the mycothiol biosynthesis is considered as a treatment for tuberculosis. Mycothiol contains an α-aminoglycoside, which is difficult to prepare stereoselectively by a conventional glycosylation reaction. In this study, mycothiol was synthesized by an anomerization reaction from an easily prepared β-aminoglycoside through endocyclic cleavage. 32

Phenyl 2-amino-N,6-O-dibenzyl-2,3-N,O-carbonyl-2-de­oxy-1-thio-β-d-glucopyran­oside

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C27H27NO5S, the pyran­ose ring adopts a 4 C 1 chair conformation with puckering parameters Q = 0.639 (2) Å, θ = 174.11 (18) and ϕ = 256 (2)°. The presence of the 2,3-trans-oxazolidinone fixes the conformation of the pyran­ose ring. The phenyl group attached to the S atom and the benzyl group bonding to the N atom are each disordered over two positions with site occupancies of 0.624 (3):0.376 (3) and 0.526 (3):0.474 (3), respectively. An inter­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bond is observed

Group cognitive behavioural therapy (GCBT) versus treatment as usual (TAU) in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS): A study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common disease that affects the quality of life (QOL) and social functioning of sufferers. Visceral anxiety is currently considered a key factor in the onset and exacerbation of IBS, and cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) targeting visceral anxiety is thought to be effective. However, access to CBT is limited due to the lack of trained therapists, the substantial time required for therapy and the associated costs. Group CBT (GCBT) may solve some of these problems. We have therefore planned this trial to examine the efficacy of GCBT for IBS. Methods: The trial is a two-armed, parallel group, open label, stratified block randomized superiority trial. The study group will consist of 112 participants (aged 18–75 years) with IBS (Rome-III or IV criteria). Participants will be randomly allocated 1:1 to (i) the intervention group: ten-week GCBT plus treatment as usual (TAU) or (ii) the control group: waiting list (WL) plus TAU. The co-primary outcomes are the change in IBS severity or disease-specific quality of life from baseline to week 13 which is 1 month after the end of treatment. The efficacy of GCBT for IBS will be examined through mixed-effects repeated-measures analysis. Discussion: GCBT, if found effective, can address the issues of the shortage of therapists as well as the time required and the costs associated with individual CBT. Clinically, the findings will help make effective CBT programmes accessible to a large number of distressed IBS patients at lower costs. Theoretically, the results will clarify the relationship between IBS and psychological stress and will help elucidate the underlying mechanisms of IBS. Trial registration: UMIN, CTR-UMIN000031710. Registered on March 13, 2018

ユーザの特性情報付きチャットボットとの雑談対話コーパスの概要

Doshisha UniversityTokyo University of TechnologyShibaura Institute of TechnologyTokyo University of TechnologyDoshisha University会議名: 言語資源ワークショップ2022, 開催地: オンライン, 会期: 2022年8月30日-31日, 主催: 国立国語研究所 言語資源開発センター本発表では、構築中のチャットボットとの雑談対話コーパスについて紹介する。本コーパスは、参加者がチャットアプリを通してチャットボットと雑談したデータに対して「対話行為」のタグ、チャットボットの発言に対して「対話破綻」のタグを付与したものである。また、各雑談データに参加者の対話に関する印象・満足度、性格特性・社会的スキルの数値を付与している点で特色のあるコーパスとなっている。雑談データの概要を説明したのち、付与された2種類のタグと参加者の性別、性格特性、社会的スキルとの関連について予備的分析を行った結果を報告する

Community-based clinical education increases motivation of medical students to medicine of remote area : comparison between lecture and practice

In this study, we administered a questionnaire to medical students to evaluate the effect of community-based clinical education on their attitudes to community medicine and medicine in remote area. Questionnaires were given 4 times to all the students from first-year to sixth-year. Of 95 students, 65 students (68.4%) who completed all questionnaires, were used in this study. The intensity of students’ attitudes was estimated by using visual analogue scale. The intensity of interest, a sense of fulfillment and passion in medicine of remote area was significantly increased　after the community-based practice. On the other hand, the level of understanding in medicine in remote area was increased by the lecture not by the practice. The intensity of desire both to become a generalist and a specialist was significantly increased when the grade went up. Most of sixth-year students desired to have abilities of a generalist and a specialist simultaneously. This study shows that the community-based practice is more meaningful in increasing motivation in medicine in remote area than the lecture, and suggests that it is　important to prepare more courses to　experience community medicine to increase the number of physicians who desire to work in remote area

TSLP and IL-7 use two different mechanisms to regulate human CD4+ T cell homeostasis

Whether thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) directly induces potent human CD4+ T cell proliferation and Th2 differentiation is unknown. We report that resting and activated CD4+ T cells expressed high levels of IL-7 receptor a chain but very low levels of TSLP receptor (TSLPR) when compared with levels expressed in myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs). This was confirmed by immunohistology and flow cytometry analyses showing that only a subset of mDCs, with more activated phenotypes, expressed TSLPR in human tonsils in vivo. IL-7 induced strong STAT1, -3, and -5 activation and promoted the proliferation of naive CD4+ T cells in the presence of anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 monoclonal antibodies, whereas TSLP induced weak STAT5 activation, associated with marginally improved cell survival and proliferation, but failed to induce cell expansion and Th2 differentiation. The effect of TSLP on enhancing strong human T cell proliferation was observed only when sorted naive CD4+ T cells were cultured with mDCs at levels as low as 0.5%. TSLP could only induce naive CD4+ T cells to differentiate into Th2 cells in the presence of allogeneic mDCs. These results demonstrate that IL-7 and TSLP use different mechanisms to regulate human CD4+ T cell homeostasis

臨地実習における学生の困難感の特徴と実習状況による困難感の比較 : 基礎看護学実習と成人看護学実習の比較を通して

臨地実習における学生の困難感の特徴を明らかにし実習状況による比較を行うことで、学生にとって効果的な実習指導を検討することを目的とし、A看護系大学で基礎・成人看護学実習を履修した学生177名を対象に、自記式質問紙調査を実施した。調査内容は、先行研究に基づいて独自に作成した、実習における困難感に関する71項目で5件法にて回答を得た。実習で対象者全員が該当しなかった3項目を削除し、項目分析、因子分析、t検定およびχ2検定を行った。因子分析の結果、実習における学生の困難感は『看護過程の展開』、『カンファレンスの運営と討議』、『患者との関わり』、『指導者との関わり』、『看護援助の実施』の5因子が抽出された。基礎、成人看護学実習ともに困難感の順位は同列であり、『看護援助の実施』が最も高かった。また、基礎看護学実習における困難感が全て有意に高く、困難感の3群比較では、基礎看護学実習での高群の割合が有意に高かった。成人看護学実習中に患者変更があった対象者は、「看護問題の優先順位をつけること」や「患者との接し方」などに困難感が高かった。また、実習1回目よりも2回目の方が、「看護過程の展開」や「カンファレンスの運営と討議」についての困難感が低かった。指導者は、基礎看護学実習においては学生が何に困難感を抱いているのかを早期に把握し、不安や緊張の緩和を図るといったより細やかなサポートを行う必要がある。また、受け持ち患者が変更される場合は、学習への影響を考慮して指導する必要がある。さらに、学生が自身の課題に取り組みながら実習による経験を積み重ねることで困難感を学びや自信に繋げ、自分の看護実践に自信をもって自己成長できるよう導くことが不可欠である

Absence of Predispositional Attentional Sensitivity to Angry Faces in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders.

自閉症児童は表情のよみとりが苦手 -コミュニケーション困難の一因か?- 京都大学プレスリリース. 2014-12-19.A rapid allocation of attention towards threatening stimuli in the environment is crucial for survival. Angry facial expressions act as threatening stimuli, and capture humans' attention more rapidly than emotionally positive facial expressions - a phenomenon known as the Anger Superiority Effect (ASE). Despite atypical emotional processing, adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) have been reported to show ASE similar to typically developed (TD) individuals. One important question is whether the basic process for ASE is intact in individuals with ASD or whether instead they acquire an alternative process that enables ASE. To address this question, we tested the prevalence of ASE in young children with and without ASD using a face-in-the-crowd task. ASE was clearly observed in TD children, whereas ASD children did not show the effect. In contrast to previous reports of ASE in adults or relatively older children with ASD, our results suggest that in ASD basic predispositional mechanisms to allocate attention quickly towards angry faces are not preserved

Mycothiol synthesis by an anomerization reaction through endocyclic cleavage

Mycothiol is found in Gram-positive bacteria, where it helps in maintaining a reducing intracellular environment and it plays an important role in protecting the cell from toxic chemicals. The inhibition of the mycothiol biosynthesis is considered as a treatment for tuberculosis. Mycothiol contains an α-aminoglycoside, which is difficult to prepare stereoselectively by a conventional glycosylation reaction. In this study, mycothiol was synthesized by an anomerization reaction from an easily prepared β-aminoglycoside through endocyclic cleavage