Replacing natural wetlands with stormwater management facilities: biophysical and perceived social values

Urban expansion replaces wetlands of natural origin with artificial stormwater management facilities. The literature suggests that efforts to mimic natural wetlands in the design of stormwater facilities can expand the provision of ecosystem services. Policy developments seek to capitalize on these improvements, encouraging developers to build stormwater wetlands in place of stormwater ponds; however, few have compared the biophysical values and social perceptions of these created wetlands to those of the natural wetlands they are replacing. We compared four types of wetlands: natural references sites, natural wetlands impacted by agriculture, created stormwater wetlands, and created stormwater ponds. We anticipated that they would exhibit a gradient in biodiversity, ecological integrity, chemical and hydrologic stress. We further anticipated that perceived values would mirror measured biophysical values. We found higher biophysical values associated with wetlands of natural origin (both reference and agriculturally impacted). The biophysical values of stormwater wetlands and stormwater ponds were lower and indistinguishable from one another. The perceived wetland values assessed by the public differed from the observed biophysical values. This has important policy implications, as the public are not likely to perceive the loss of values associated with the replacement of natural wetlands with created stormwater management facilities. We conclude that 1) agriculturally impacted wetlands provide biophysical values equivalent to those of natural wetlands, meaning that land use alone is not a great predictor of wetland value; 2) stormwater wetlands are not a substantive improvement over stormwater ponds, relative to wetlands of natural origin; 3) stormwater wetlands are poor mimics of natural wetlands, likely due to fundamental distinctions in terms of basin morphology, temporal variation in hydrology, ground water connectivity, and landscape position; 4) these drivers are relatively fixed, thus, once constructed, it may not be possible to modify them to improve provision of biophysical values; 5) these fixed drivers are not well perceived by the public and thus public perception may not capture the true value of natural wetlands, including those impacted by agriculture

PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA KELAS III SDN 06 MUNGKA MELALUI PENERAPAN PERMAINAN HILANG POIN TAHUN PELAJARAN 2018/2019

Permasalahan dalam pembelajaran matematika di SDN 06 Mungka yaitu adalah model pembelajaran yang diterapkan guru belum bervariasi,  minat dan motivasi belajar siswa masih rendah dan hasil belajar matematika siswa masih banyak yan berada di bawah Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal (KKM). Siswa juga menganggap bahwa matematika adlaah pelajaran yang sulit dan tidak menyenangkan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sejauhmana peningkatan hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas III SDN 06 Mungka melalui permainan hilang poin tahun pelajaran 2018/2019. Penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) yang terdiri dari dua siklus. Subyek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas III SDN 06 Mungka pada tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019 sebanyak 20 orang. Setelah dilakukan analisis data, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas III SDN 06 Mungka melalui permainan hilang poin tahun pelajaran 2018/2019

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Egg forensics: An appraisal of DNA sequencing to assist in species identification of illegally smuggled eggs

Psittaciformes (parrots and cockatoos) are charismatic birds, their plumage and capacity for learning make them highly sought after pets. The illegal trade in parrots and cockatoos poses a serious threat to the viability of native populations; in addition, species transported to non-endemic areas may potentially vector disease and genetically 'pollute' local native avifauna. To reduce the logistical difficulties associated with trafficking live birds, smugglers often transport eggs. This creates a problem for authorities in elucidating accurate species identification without the laborious task of incubation and hand rearing until a morphological identification can be made. Here, we use 99 avian eggs seized from carriers coming into and within Australia, as a result of suspected illegal trade. We investigate and evaluate the use of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to accurately identify eggs to family, genus or species level. However, Identification of a species based on percentage mtDNA similarities is difficult without good representations of the inter- and intra-levels of species variation. Based on the available reference database, we were able to identify 52% of the eggs to species level. Of those, 10 species from eight genera were detected, all of which belong to the parrot (Psittacidae) and cockatoo (Cacatuidae) families. Of the remaining 48%, a further 36% of eggs were identified to genus level, and 12% identified to family level using our assignment criteria. Clearly the lack of validated DNA reference sequences is hindering our ability to accurately assign a species identity, and accordingly, we advocate that more attention needs to be paid to establishing validated, multi locus mtDNA reference databases for exotic birds that can both assist in genetic identifications and withstand legal scrutiny