Right to Counsel in Deportation Proceedings

Does an indigent alien have a right to assigned counsel in deportation proceedings? The likelihood seems remote because the statute states that the alien shall have the privilege of being represented (at no expense to the Government) by such counsel, authorized to practice in such proceedings, as he shall choose. Nevertheless, recent decisions have emphasized a persistent judicial concern in this area. This Article\u27s purpose is to present an overview of the representation of aliens in deportation cases and specifically to inquire whether there is either an irrefutable legal basis for a requirement of assigned counsel or a felt need. Preliminarily, understanding the nature of the deportation process is necessary

Development and Application of Efficient Computational Methods for Molecular Spectroscopy in Finite Magnetic Fields

Molekülspektroskopie ist ein wichtiges Werkzeug für die Charakterisierung chemischer Substanzen. Verschiedene Arten von Spektroskopie verwenden die Effekte, die durch Magnetfelder hervorgerufen werden, wie etwa Kernspinresonanz, Elektronenspinresonanz oder Magnetocirculardichroismus. Ihre theoretische Beschreibung erfolgt typischerweise durch quantenchemische Methoden in Kombination mit linearer Störungstheorie, da die Magnetfelder in solchen Experimenten klein sind, verglichen mit den für die chemische Bindung verantwortlichen, elektromagnetischen Kräften. Jenseits der linearen Effekte, die durch einen solchen Ansatz beschrieben werden, liegt eine vielfältige, faszinierende Chemie, die darauf wartet erforscht zu werden. Neue Arten chemischer Bindung, Spinphasenübergänge und Farbveränderungen aromatischer Verbindungen sind nur einige der nicht-linearen Effekte, die durch Magnetfelder hervorgerufen werden. Ihre theoretische Beschreibung erfordert einen Ansatz, in dem ein finites Feld explizit im Hamiltonoperator auftaucht. Solch ein Ansatz kann für eine korrekte Beschreibung von beliebig starken Magnetfeldern verwendet werden. Dadurch wird die Vorhersage spektroskopischer Eigenschaften von Molekülen in der Nähe interstellarer Objekte mit extrem starken Magnetfeldern ermöglicht, wie etwa magnetische Weiße Zwerge oder Neutronensterne. In solchen Fällen kann Molekülspektroskopie verwendet werden, um die Existenz kleiner Moleküle nachzuweisen. Die theoretische Beschreibung eines finiten Feldes erfordert hocheffiziente, rechnergestützte Methoden, deren Entwicklung und Anwendung Thema dieser Arbeit sind. Zunächst werden hierfür die theoretischen Grundlagen für die quantenchemische Beschreibung von Molekülspektroskopie eingeführt. Einige verbreitete Methoden der Quantenchemie werden adaptiert, inklusive der Dichtefunktionaltheorie (DFT), genähertem Coupled-Cluster (CC2), sowie der GW/BSE-Methode. Eine effiziente Implementierung wird entwickelt und getestet. Ausgewählte Anwendungen werden vorgestellt, inklusive Rechnungen an Magnetocirculardichroismusspektren eines organometallischen Komplexes, die Vorhersage der Farbveränderung von Tetracen im Magnetfeld mithilfe der UV/Vis-Spektroskopie, sowie die Untersuchung von Schwingungsrotationsspektren zweiatomiger Moleküle in starken Magnetfeldern

Inhibitory Processes for Critical Situations – The Role of n−2 Task Repetition Costs in Human Multitasking Situations

The human cognitive system is equipped with various processes for dealing with everyday challenges. One of such processes is the inhibition of currently irrelevant goals or mental task-sets, which can be seen as a response to the critical event of information overflow in the cognitive system and challenging the cognitive system’s ability to keep track of ongoing demands. In two experiments, we investigate the flexibility of the inhibitory process by inserting rare non-critical events (25% of all trials), operationalized as univalent stimuli (i.e., unambiguous stimuli that call for only one specific task in a multitasking context), and by introducing the possibility to prepare for an upcoming task (Experiment 2). We found that the inhibitory process is not influenced by a cue informing subjects about the upcoming occurrence of a univalent stimulus. However, the introduction of univalent stimuli allowed preparatory processes to modify the impact of the inhibitory process. Therefore, our results suggest that inhibitory processes are engaged in a rather global manner, not taking into account variations in stimulus valence, which we took as operationalization of critical, conflict-inducing events in the ongoing stream of information processing. However, rare uncritical events, such as univalent stimuli that do not cause conflict and interference in the processing stream, appear to alter the way the cognitive system can take advantage of preparatory processes

What absent switch costs and mixing costs during bilingual language comprehension can tell us about language control.

Epub 2019 Mar 28.In the current study, we set out to investigate language control, which is the process that minimizes cross-language interference, during bilingual language comprehension. According to current theories of bilingual language comprehension, language-switch costs, which are a marker for reactive language control, should be observed. However, a closer look at the literature shows that this is not always the case. Furthermore, little to no evidence for language-mixing costs, which are a marker for proactive language control, has been observed in the bilingual language comprehension literature. This is in line with current theories of bilingual language comprehension, as they do not explicitly account for proactive language control. In the current study, we further investigated these two markers of language control and found no evidence for comprehension-based language-switch costs in six experiments, even though other types of switch costs were observed with the exact same setup (i.e., task-switch costs, stimulus modality-switch costs, and production-based language-switch costs). Furthermore, only one out of three experiments showed comprehension-based language-mixing costs, providing the first tentative evidence for proactive language control during bilingual language comprehension. The implications of the absence and occurrence of these costs are discussed in terms of processing speed and parallel language activation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 706128. This research was also supported by grants ANR-11-LABX-0036 (BLRI), ANR-16-CONV-0002 (ILCB), and ANR-11-IDEX-0001-02 from the French National Research Council (ANR)

Hodnotenie kvality digitálnych výškových modelov v kontexte INSPIRE

The contribution deals with the evaluation of the quality of geographic information in accordance with the ISO standards from the family of ISO 19100. The quality assessment was carried out on a sample of the data of the digital elevation model of the Slovak republic – DMR3. The selected data quality elements and sub-elements were evaluated using measures defined in the INSPIRE data specification for Elevation.Príspevok sa zaoberá hodnotením kvality geografických informácií v súlade s dostupným ISO štandardami z rodiny ISO 19100. Hodnotenie kvality bolo vykonané na príklade vzorky údajov digitálneho modelu reliéfu SR -DMR3. Boli hodnotené vybrané elementy, subelementy kvality pomocou mier definovaných v údajovej špecifikácii INSPIRE pre výškové modely